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Objective@#To investigate the causes and clinical manifestation of adverse reaction of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on the adverse drug reactions (ADR) of local anesthetic articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection.@*Results@#In 75 cases of adverse reactions, there were 40 cases of female and 35 cases of male. Adverse reactions occured more frequently at the age of 3-10 [33% (25/75)] and 1-10 min and one day after injection, respectively accounting for 20% (15/75), and two days, accounting for 15% (15/75), 10-21 days accounting for 8% (6/75). The main manifestations were injection site ulcers, followed by skin reactions such as pain, swelling, necrosis and pruritus at the injection site.@*Conclusions@#The main adverse reactions of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection are the injection site ulceration, followed by injection site pain, rash, pruritus and drowsiness, nausea and dizziness, palpitations, sweat and hypotension. Doctors should ask the medical history in detail and pay close attention to the patient's medication safety.
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Objective To establish a sensitive,simple and accurate HPLC-MS/MS method to quantify glycyrrhetic acid(glyc?yrrhetinic acid)in mice blood,and to further study pharmacokinetic profiles of glycyrrhetic acid after oral administration of glycyrrhi?zin and Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Wan(BY). Methods Rats were intragastric administered of glycyrrhizin(glycyrrhizic acid,61.5 mg/kg) and BY extract(3 g/kg,with the same mole of glycyrrhizin moiety),respectively. Plasma samples were collected after administration and extracted with liquid-liquid extraction,then by separated by liquid chromatography on a C8 reversion phase chromatographic col?umn with gradient elution. Concentration of glycyrrhetic acid was detected by the validated HPLC-MS/MS. Non-compartmental pharma?cokinetic profiles were constructed using the software of Das 2.0 software(Shanghai,China),and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using unpaired Student′s t-test. Results This bioanalytical method was fully validated and showed good linearity(r>0.99),wide dynamic range(5-1000 ng/ml),and favorable accuracy and precision. Compared with the glycyrrhizin pure form group, BY significantly reduced the Cmax and AUC0-t of glycyrrhetic acid by 56%and 76%,respectively. Whereas no significant differences in Tmax,T1/2 and MRT were observed between the two groups. Conclusion The constituents in the BY prescription have significantly reduced the oral bioavailability of glycyrrhetic acid in rats than those in the glycyrrhizin pure form and the results indicate that some components in the BY have an inhibition effect on the absorption process of glycyrrhizin in the gut.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of amentoflavone (AF) on bone marrow cells of mice injured by irradiation. Methods Primary bone marrow cells of male C57BL/6 mice were cultured and randomly divided into 4 groups (normal control, radiation control,AF 2.5μmol/L and 5μmol/L), with 3 samples in each group. After treated with AF for 12 h, the cells were injured by 12 Gy 60Coγirradiation. 6 h and 12 h post-irradiation, apoptosis was evaluated by using Hoechst 33258 stain, cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry while the level of TNF-α was tested by ELISA. Results The cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were not significantly affected by Amentoflavone. Amentoflavone (5 μmol/L)could significantly inhibit the production of TNF-α on cell supernatant of mouse bone marrow cells at 6 h or 12 h after radiation and 2.5 μmol/L Amentoflavone could significantly inhibit the production of TNF-α at 6 h after radiation. Conclusion Taken together, the data suggest that AF may have radioprotection against damage in mice bone marrow by inhibiting the production of TNF-α.