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Thyroid cancer is a very common malignancy, accounting for about 95% of all endocrine tumors. According to reports in the literature, 122 000 cases of thyroid cancer each year in the world have become the disease with the highest morbidity and mortality in head and neck and endocrine tumors. The incidence of thyroid cancer is still growing, posing a serious threat to human health. Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) accounts for about 80% of all thyroid cancer, the incidence is much higher than other pathological types. This review focuses on the advances of PTC, including its occurrence, development and prognosis related genes.
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Objective To systematically assess the clinical effect and safety of Poractant Alfa Injection and ambroxol hydro-chloride in treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) .Methods The home and abroad randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) on the comparison of clinical effect and safety of Poractant Alfa Injection and ambroxol hydrochloride in treating NRDS were retrieved by computer .The literature quality was evaluated by the modified JADAD scale .Rev Man5 .3 .1 software was used for conducting the meta analysis .Results Twenty-four RCT were included .The meta analysis results showed that compared with ambroxol hydrochloride ,Poractant Alfa Injection for treating NRDS could more significantly increase the PH value (MD= -0 .02 , 95% CI:-0 .03- -0 .01 ,P<0 .01) ,increased the PaO2 value(MD= -2 .92 ,95% CI:-4 .59 - -1 .26 ,P<0 .01) ,decreased the PaCO2 value (MD=0 .95 ,95% CI:0 .12-1 .77 ,P=0 .02) ,reduced the FiO2 value(MD=0 .03 ,95% CI:0 .01-0 .05 ,P<0 .01) ,en-hanced the Pa O2/FiO2 ratio (MD= -7 .62 ,95% CI:-10 .87 - -4 .37 ,P<0 .01) ,reduced the short term complications (RR=1 .67 ,95% CI:1 .31-2 .12 ,P<0 .01) and long-term complications (RR=2 .85 ,95% CI:1 .14-7 .07 ,P=0 .02) ,shortened the hos-pitalization days (RR=3 .03 ,95% CI:0 .94 -5 .11 ,P<0 .01) as well as decreased the mortality rate (RR=1 .96 ,95% CI:1 .15-3 .34 ,P=0 .01) .However ,there were no statistical differences in the durations of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) me-chanical ventilation ,oxygen inhalation time ,time of clinical symptom outcome ,incidence rate of NRDS and total effective rate of treatment between the two groups .Conclusion Currently published evidences show that Poractant Alfa Injection is superior to am-broxol hydrochloride in treating NRDS ,however ,due to limited number of included RCD and medium quality ,the conclusion needs large scale and multicenter RCT verification .
RESUMO
Objective To study the impact of earlier tracheotomy on the prevention and treatment of pulmonary infection for the patients with severe head injury.Methods The 68 patients with severe head injury(experimental group) received tracheotomy within 24h after emergency cerebrotomy,controlled by 68 patients(control group) who didn't receive tracheotomy within 24h after emergency cerebrotomy.The third generation cephalosporin and semi-benzylpenicillin were used to prevent infection in all the patients.The patients who had lung infection were taken sputum cultivation test to choose sensitive medicine for the treatment.Results A total of 68 patients occurred pneumonia.There were 35 patients occurred pneumonia in the experimental group and 20 patients were cured.The time of infection control was 4～11d(averaged 7.1 d).There were 53 patients occurred pneumonia in control group, and 21 of them were cured.The time of infection control was 9～21d(averaged 16.9 d).The rate of lung infection and the time of infection were significantly lower in the experimental group than those of the control group(P