Expression features of cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ, BCL2 interacting protein 3 and interleukin-1β in MRL/lpr lupus mice liver tissue / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To explore the expression features of cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ (MT-CO1), BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and interleukin (IL)-1β in the liver of MRL/lpr lupus mice.Methods:The mRNA and protein levels of MT-CO1, BNIP3, IL-1β, p16 and p21 in lupus mice and control mice were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, the IL-1β expression site were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical method, and themalondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by colorimetry. Hepatocytes and macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while hepatocytes were also cultured with supernatants obtained after macrophages stimulated with LPS, and the mRNA and protein levels of MT-CO1, BNIP3 and LC3B, as well as p16 and p21 expression, were determined by qPCR and Western blot. The expression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) was detected by immunofluorescence. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean of each group, and LSD method was used to compare the means of multiple samples, and Tamhane's T2 method was used to compare the means of multiple samples when the variance was uniform. Results:The results of PCR showed that the mRNA levels of MT-CO1 and BNIP3 in the liver tissue of the lupus group (0.14±0.04; 0.16±0.05) were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.11±0.04; 0.16±0.06), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.16, P<0.001; t=4.54, P<0.001). The expression levels of IL-1β, p16 and p21 in the lupus group (2.06±0.69; 0.37±0.14; 0.16±0.06) were significantly higher than those of the control group (0.23±0.06; 0.25±0.08; 0.11±0.04) ( t=9.58, P<0.001; t=24.35, P<0.001; t=22.36, P<0.001). The results of Western blot were consistent with those of PCR. HE staining showed lymphocyte infiltration in the liver tissue of lupus mice, and immunohistochemistry showed IL-1β in the liver tissue of lupus mice. The positive cells were mainly concentrated in the sinusoids, and the expression of hepatic parenchymal cells was not rearkable. The content of MDA in liver tissue of the lupus group (0.19±0.10) was higher than that of the control group (0.17±0.09), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.33, P=0.005). LPS directly stimulated AML12 hepatocytes (0.069±0.028; 0.17±0.07). The PCR results showed that compared with the control group (0.176±0.072; 0.08±0.03), the expression of MT-CO1, and BNIP3 were not significantly different ( t=1.01, P=0.337; t=0.88, P=0.399). The expression of IL-1β was significantly higher when incubated with the supernatants of LPS stimulated macrophages (0.28±0.09) compared than that of the control group (0.15±0.05) ( t=28.26, P<0.001). The results of PCR showed that the mRNA levels of MT-CO1 and BNIP3 in the LPS stimulated group (0.046±0.026; 0.17±0.05) were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.143±0.083; 0.18±0.06), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.52, P<0.001; t=4.24, P<0.001), The expression of p16 and p21 in LPS stimulated group (0.29±0.09; 0.27±0.09) were significantly higher than those in the control group (0.18±0.06; 0.22±0.07) ( t=13.54, P<0.001; t=8.69, P<0.001). The results of Western blot were consistent with those of PCR. Immunofluorescence showed that the fluorescence intensity of mtROS in LPS stimulated group (0.25±0.10) was higher than that in the control group (0.08±0.03), and the difference was statistically significant ( t= 4.86, P<0.001). Conclusion:Immune-mediated inflammation in the liver tissue of lupus mice can stimulate liver parenchymal cells to cause intracellular mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism of liver organ damage in lupus mice is not limited to the immune-mediated inflammation of immune active cells, but also include parenchymal cell mitochondrial dysfunction.

Clinical analysis of 30 cases of cutaneous adverse reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of cutaneous adverse reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Methods Thirty patients with cutaneous adverse reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2015 and December 2016,and their laboratory test results,histopathological findings and treatment response data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 30 patients,15 presented with acneiform eruptions,10 with eczematoid eruptions,2 with morbilliform rashes,1 with telangiectasia,1 with hand-foot skin reaction,9 with xerosis,7 with nail changes and 4 with hair changes.A patient with grade 4 acneiform eruptions showed a markedly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) level (315 U/L).Mild ALT abnormalities (48.5-88.1 U/L) were found in 3 patients with grade 3 acneiform eruptions,1 with grade 2 acneiform eruptions,1 with grade 1 acneiform eruptions and 1 with eczematoid eruptions complicated by fever.Two patients with eczematoid eruptions and 1 with morbilliform rashes showed elevated proportions of peripheral blood eosinophils (0.057-0.303).Pathological changes of the acneiform eruptions included hyperkeratosis and dilation of hair follicles and neutrophilic infiltration.Pathological manifestations of eczematoid eruptions included different degrees of spongiosis,thickened spinous layer,irregular elongation of rete ridges and liquefaction degeneration of basal cells in the epidermis,and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the superficial dermis.Patients with grade 1-3 acneiform eruptions received oral minocycline for 6 weeks,skin lesions gradually regressed,but relapse occurred after the withdrawal.After withdrawal of targeted antineoplastic agents and 2-week treatment with systemic glucocorticoids,skin lesions gradually regressed in patients with grade 4 acneiform eruptions,those with eczematoid eruptions complicated by fever,and those with morbilliform rashes.Skin rashes also resolved in patients with mild morbilliform rashes and those with mild eczematoid eruptions after 2 weeks of treatment with antianaphylactic agents and topical glucocorticoids.Oral antibiotics were effective for the treatment of periungual erythematous swelling or granulomas.Conclusion Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-related cutaneous adverse reactions include a constellation of disorders,and hepatic function can be impaired.

Expression and significance of interleukin-1β and claudin-5 in lupus mice renal tissue / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To study the expression difference and the meaning of interleukin (IL)-1β and Claudin-5 in the kidney and kidney's membrane between lupus mice and the control mice. Methods Gene expression difference of IL-1βand claudin-5 between lupus mice and control mice in their kidney and kidney's membrane was detected with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). The location of the expression was identified by immunohistochemistry. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means of each group, pair-wise comparison was used to compare the difference between multiple sample means. LSD method was used when the variance was equal, and Tamhane's T2 method was used when the variance was different. Results Q-PCR test results showed that IL-1β expression in lupus mice's kidney membrane (0.0095±0.0052) was statistically higher than lupus mice's kidney parenchyma (0.0057±0.0013) (t=2.137, P=0.0458) and control mice's kidney membrane (0.0045±0.0033) (t=2.709, P=0.0131), however, there's no statistical significant difference between control mice's kidney membrane and parenchyma (0.0065± 0.0011) (P>0.05), and there's no statistical difference between control and lupus mice's kidney parenchyma (P>0.05). Claudin-5 expression was statistically higher in control mice kidney membrane (0.0192 ±0.0048) than its kidney parenchyma (0.01156 ±0.002190) (t=4.009, P=0.0015) but statistically lower in lupus mice kidney membrane (0.0069±0.0004) than its kidney parenchyma (0.0098±0.0027) (t=2.727, P=0.0173);there's no statistical significant difference between control mice's kidney parenchyma and lupus mice's kidney parenchyma (P>0.05), and lupus mice's kidney membrane expression was statistically lower than control mice's kidney membrane (t=6.018, P=0.0001). Immun-ohistochemistry showed that IL-1β expression was mainly around glomerulus and membrane, but not renal tu-bule. Claudin-5 expression was mainly around glomerulus and membrane. Conclusion Immune inflammation induced by IL-1β has mainly shown in blood vessels, while claudin-5 has protective effect on lupus immune inflammation.

Heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA in black and white hair of patients with type 2 diabetes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in black and white hair of patients with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MtDNA was extracted from the hair shaft of the patients to amplify two target DNA fragment from mtDNA coding region and control region using PCR. The differences in the heterogeneity in the target DNA fragment was analyzed between diabetic patients and the control group with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the control subjects and diabetic patients, the mtDNA heterogeneity in the black hair was 3% and 10% in 20-45 year-old groups and 9% and 17% in 45-70 year-old groups, as compared to 9%, 20%, 21%, and 40% in the white hair, respectively. The mtDNA heterogeneity in the black and white hair was both higher in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects of the same age group, and was also higher in older age subgroups in both control and diabetic groups (P<0.05). The white hair mtDNA showed a significantly higher heterogeneity than the black hair mtDNA in the two age groups of diabetic patients and in 45-70 year-old control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mtDNA heterogeneity in the hair increases in type 2 diabetic patients and show an association with aging.</p>

Influence of dexam ethasone on the gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with internal heat due to Yin deficiency-type SLE / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To observe the influence of dexamethasone on the gene expression profiling of PBMCs from patients with internal heat due to Yin deficiency-type SLE. Methods The PBMCs from 3 patients with internal heat due to Yin deficiency-type SLE were incubated with dexamethasone of 10-6 g/L for 48 hours followed by the detection of gene expression profiling of PBMCs by a GeneChip. Results The incubation with dexamethasone upregulated the expressions of 85 genes and downregulated those of 126 genes in PBMCs from the SLE patients. Conclusions Dexamethasone can regulate the expressions of numerous clusters of genes in PBMCs from patients with internal heat due to Yin deficiency-type SLE, and functional proteins encoded by these genes are located at various organelles and regions of cells. Not all the results of gene regulation by dexamethasone favor the relief of SLE. To study the regulation of genes may be beneficial to the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone on SLE.

Symmetrical wrinkles eliminated unequilly after injection of botulinum A toxin / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study the adverse reaction of botulinum A t oxin (BTXA) treatment for wrinkles. Methods The adverse r eactions were observed after injection of BTXA. Results No serious or general adverse reactions occurred. As wrinkle eliminated with muscle s relaxing, and muscles relaxation could result in some adverse reactions such a s brow movement weakness. When forehead wrinkles were eliminated baggy blepharop tosis became more serious. Some symmetry wrinkles in two side of face could not equally eliminated. After administration of botulinum A toxin treatment, the wri nkle-like groove could be improved significantly but the groove still remained. The adverse reaction often continued for 1～2 weeks, and the wrinkle recurred 3 ～ 7 months after the botulinum A toxin treatment. Conclusion U sing botulinum A toxin to treat wrinkle is safe and effective, and the adverse reaction is local, slight and transient.

Observation of skin fold between double eyelids line and palpebral edge / 中华医学美学美容杂志

40 years and lower in person with epicanthal fold. Most of this skin fold were parallel double eyelid and this skin fold did not appear in two side eyes constantly. Even though this skin fold was in two side, eyes were not always symmetry. Conclusion The double eyelids person with skin fold between double eyelids line and palpebral edge is a common aesthetic phenomenon and accepted by the people.