The association between smoking status and carotid artery plaque in rural areas of Eastern part of China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between smoking status and carotid plaque in rural population residing in Eastern part of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between July and September of 2013, an epidemiological survey was carried out in residents aged 40 or above men who were enrolled randomly in rural areas of Anqing, Anhui province and Lianyungang, Jiangsu province. The data on epidemiological characteristics including smoking status, physical examination were collected using standardized protocol, and carotid ultrasonography was applied to examine the incidence of carotid plaque among never smokers, former smokers and current smokers. Logistic regress analysis was performed to determine the effect of smoking on carotid plaque.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the study, a total of 625 male participants were included in the study. 51.4% (321 cases) were current smokers, 21.3% (133 cases) were former smokers, and 27.4% (171 cases) were never smokers. 32.0% (200/625) had carotid plaque. The incidence of carotid plaques was significantly higher in current smokers (35.2%, 113/321) than that in never smokers(23.4%,40/171) (χ(2) = 7.26, P = 0.007) and the incidence in former smokers (35.3%, 47/133) was also higher than that in never smokers (23.4%, 40/171) (χ(2) = 5.23, P = 0.022). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that current cigarette smoking is significantly associated with the increased risk of carotid plaque (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.13-2.98, P = 0.014) in comparison with never smokers, and there was an interaction between current smoking and age in association with carotid plaque. Compared with the young (≤60 years old) and never smoking group (8%, 3/40), prevalence of carotid plaque among the elderly (>70 years old) and smoking group (55%, 31/56) was significantly higher (OR = 8.06, 95% CI: 2.07-31.45) after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, drinking and regional differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It found that cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of carotid plaque in rural elderly population residing in Eastern part of China.</p>

Study on job satisfaction of community health workers in Anhui province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective Measuring job satisfaction level of community health workers,providing on the evidences for the design of the relevant policy and the evaluation of job effect.Methods 57 Community Health Service centers and 54 stations were randomly selected in 12 cities in Anhui province,and all staff on the job were investigated.The questionnaires were delivered to the working staff and anonymously filled in by them.Results The total job satisfaction average score of the staff is 110.84± 18.18.The average score of pay(10.05±2.99),welfare(10.35±3.17)and promotion(10.85±3.00)are rather low.The average score of coworkers(14.78±2.11),nature of work(14.60±2.69)and supervision (13.90±3.00)are quite high.Logistic regression analysis shows the staff's duration and title are the main factors affecting their overall job satisfaction.Conclusion The overall job satisfaction level of community health workers is not high.Establishing the reasonable system of pay,welfare mechanism and the predictable promotion space are feasible choices to promote job satisfaction of community health workers

Analysis on safety of combination therapy with amlodipine plus terazosin in middle aged and old male patients with essential hypertension / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety of combination therapy with amlodipine and terazosin in middle aged and old male patients with essential hypertension.Methods Randomized,prospective,parallel study was carried out in middle aged and old male patients with essential hypertension in Anqing between August 2005 and February 2006.In this article,508 patients were chosen to appraise safety of the combination therapy.Results ①After 4 weeks,the heart rate of combination group changed from 68.9?7.7 to 67.7?6.9.There was no significant difference before and after treatment.②The combination group didn't affect the levels of blood glucose,lipid,electrolyte and the function of kidney and liver.③As regards tolerability,adverse experiences were observed in 4.1%,12.3%,and 13.2% of patients,respectively.Orthostatic hypertension did not happen in three groups during treatment.Conclusions The combination of amlodipine and Terazosin have no influence on the levels of blood glucose,lipid and the function of kidney and liver.Moreover,the combination was tolerated as well as its components.Through the adjustment of drug dosage,orthostatic hypotension did not happen in three groups during treatment.

Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy with Amlodipine Plus Terazosin in Patients with Essential Hypertension / 中华高血压杂志

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of combination therapy with amlodipine and terazosin in middle aged and old male patients with essential hypertension.Methods Randomized,prospective,parallel study was carried out in middle aged and old male patients with essential hypertension in Anqing community between August 2005 and February 2006.Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the combination therapy were evaluated in 508 patient who completed the study.Results After 4 weeks treatment,the average reduction of SBP were 4.0?15.0,17.5?15.8 and 20.0?15.9 mm Hg in Terazosin group,amlodipine group and combination group,respectively(P

Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and cerebral infarction / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion(I/D) polymorphism and cerebral infarction among Chinese people. MethodsThe ACE gene polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP in 242 patients with cerebral infarction and 283 controls. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the risk factors for cerebral infarction. ResultsAfter adjusting age, gender, alcohol drinking, smoking, education,history of diabetes mellitus and the primary hypertension, there was no significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and cerebral infarction, either was hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The primary hypertension significanlly increased risk of cerebral infarction (OR=7.28,P =0.000). Both ACE ID/DD genotype and the primary hypertension showed a significant gene-environment interaction(r=1.62,OR=7.29), something as super multiplicative type 2 interaction. ConclusionAlthough ACE gene polymorphism is not risk factors of cerebral infarction, but ID/DD genotype had shown significant gene-environment interaction with primary hypertension in occurrence of cerebral infarcion.

The C825T polymorphism of GNB3 gene effects the response to 15-days-treatment of adalat / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the relationship between the response of hypertension patients to Adalat and the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene. METHODS 554 hypertension subjects were treated with Adalat. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Genotypes of the GNB3 gene were measured by the PCR RFLP method. Linear and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between GNB3 genotypes and the response to Adalat. RESULTS The frequency of the 825T allele in our hypertensive group (48 4%) was slightly higher than that of the normal Chinese reported previously by Siffert W et al. (42%). The average SBP decrease after 15 days of Adalat treatment of subjects with the T allele was significantly less than that of the subjects with the CC genotype (?=-3 3, P= 0 03). Using logistic regression, the subjects with the T allele were less likely to reach good treatment result compared to those with the CC genotype (OR=0 33, P =0 02). CONCLUSION The GNB3 gene C825T polymorphism is related to the response to Adalat.

Association of GYS1 and beta(3)-AR gene with postprandial hyperglycemia and serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the relationships of Met416Val and XbaI polymorphism of muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) gene and Trg64Arg variant of the beta(3)-adrenergic-receptor (beta(3)-AR) gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its intermediate phenotypes in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction-oligonucleotide ligation assay and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were used to evaluate the GYS1 and beta(3)-AR gene polymorphisms in 102 pairs of case-control Chinese spouses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Subjects with Met416Val variant had a significantly higher 2-hour post-glucose level than subjects without this variant had in diabetic group (P = 0.032). The Met416Val polymorphism of GYS1 gene was not significantly associated with the risk of type 2 DM (adjusted OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 0.73 - 3.81, P = 0.223). Subjects with Trp64Arg variant had a significantly higher serum uric acid level than subjects without this variant had in diabetic group (P = 0.034). The combination of BMI and Arg64 allele carrier of the beta(3)-AR gene increased the diabetic risk over four-fold (adjusted OR = 4.00; 95% CI: 1.53 - 10.45, P = 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the Chinese population, Met416Val polymorphism is identified in a subgroup of diabetic subjects with high 2-hour post-glucose. It will explain why some diabetic patients appear to be genetically predisposed to developing high postpradial glucose level. The presence of the Arg64 allele in the beta(3)-AR gene may predispose patients to higher serum uric acid level.</p>

The impact of night work near the day of ovulation on outcome of pregnancy / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of night work near the day of ovulation on outcome of pregnancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Daily early morning urine samples were collected from eligible shift women workers, and human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), the urinary steroid metabolites of estrogen and progesterone(PDG, E1C) were measured to confirm the day of ovulation and early fetal loss(EFL). Questionnaires were used to know workshift, other occupation exposures, and related information.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>12 clinical spontaneous abortion(SAB), 18(EFL) and 44 clinical living birth were analyzed in relation to SAB, EFL and night shift near the day of ovulation by using single factor and multi-factor logistic regression. The result showed that night shift on the day of ovulation and the day before or after ovulation was related with SAB both in single- and muti-factorial analysis(single factor: OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.10-5.60; multi-factor; OR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.28-11.90).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Night shift near the day of ovulation may be related to SAB.</p>

Study on the Relationship between susceptibility of stomach neoplasm cancer and polymorphism of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between polymorphism of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) gene and the susceptibility of intestinal type stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer in Chinese people.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was designed. Ninety-three intestinal type of stomach cancer and 50 stomach cardia cancer patients with endoscopy and pathology diagnosis were identified as cases. Two hundred and forty-six controls served as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>C-->T polymorphism was found in exon 16 of iNOS gene, which changed the coding amino acid from serine to leucine, and formed a recognition site identified by Tsp 509 I restriction enzyme (we called it C-->T polymorphism). The T allele gene frequency in the control group was 13.21%. No statistically significant difference was found between C-->T polymorphism alone and the increased susceptibility to intestinal stomach cancer or stomach cardia cancer. A significant type 2 multiplicative interaction was found in increasing both the risk of intestinal stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer when both C-->T polymorphism and tobacco smoking exposure existed. An additive interaction model, which showed statistically significant difference, was found to increase only the risk of stomach cardia cancer when CagA antibody shared negative but C-->T polymorphism occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>C-->T polymorphism of iNOS gene was considered as one of the possible susceptible genes, which specifically increased the risk of tobacco-related but CagA negative types of intestinal stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer.</p>

The distributive features of three kinds of metabolic genes polymorphisms in population of Han nationality in south area of China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the distributive features of some metabolic genes polymorphisms in Han population of south area of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Study population was obtained from the controls of a community based case-control study, which included 290 blood relatives (inner control) and 404 non-blood relatives (outer control).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Frequencies of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms had no significant difference among confounding factors, such as sex, living areas, stomach cancer family history and history of tobacco smoking etc. Some controls showed significant difference in age group and alcohol drinking which would be adjusted in analysis of the relationship between polymorphisms and cancers. CYP1A1 Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes were 33.43% and 5.62% respectively, which were similar to other results from Chinese and Japanese, but higher than those from Caucasians in American, Europe and African-Americans. GSTM1 null allele frequency was 53.48% in our population, which showed difference even among Chinese in different areas. GSTT1 null allele frequency was 45.78%, which was significantly higher than that in Caucasians and African-American.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The frequencies of CYP1A1 Ile/Val, Val/Val and GSTT1 null in Han population in south area of China are significantly higher than those in other races, while the ethnic difference of frequency of GSTM1 null is less.</p>

Application of the interaction models between the polymorphism(s) of metabolic gene(s) and environmental exposure / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective　Taking GST M1 as an example to introduce analytic method of interaction models between the polymorphism(s) of metabolic gene(s) and environmental exposure in stomach cancer susceptibility. Methods　Using community-based case-control design, combined with molecular biological techniques (PCR) and multiple variables logistic regression models, we analyzed 112 intestinal types of stomach cancer cases with endoscopy and pathology diagnosis in the Yangzhong City Hospital during January 1997 and December 1998. A total of 675 controls were selected from persons who had no history of digestive system cancers. Results　After adjustment of confounding variables with both GST M1 null genotype and history of ever tobacco smoking, the results showed a significant types of 4 gene-environment interaction. Interaction index (γ) value was 3.38 and OReg value was 8.40, suggesting that a super multi-plicative interaction occured. The results also showed that GST M1 null genotype had a high exposure-gene effect interaction with tobacco smoking (pack year), while γ values were 0.995, 2.085 and 2.157 respectively. A low exposure-gene effect interaction was found in GST M1 null genotype with the amount of (kg*year) alcohol consumption while γ values were 1.01 and 0.97 respectively. Conclusion　Logistic regression model can be used to evaluate gene-environment interaction and dose-response of exposure-gene effect.

Application of the interaction models between the polymorphism(s) of metabolic gene(s) and environmental exposure / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective　Taking GST M1 as an example to introduce analytic method of interaction models between the polymorphism(s) of metabolic gene(s) and environmental exposure in stomach cancer susceptibility. Methods　Using community-based case-control design, combined with molecular biological techniques (PCR) and multiple variables logistic regression models, we analyzed 112 intestinal types of stomach cancer cases with endoscopy and pathology diagnosis in the Yangzhong City Hospital during January 1997 and December 1998. A total of 675 controls were selected from persons who had no history of digestive system cancers. Results　After adjustment of confounding variables with both GST M1 null genotype and history of ever tobacco smoking, the results showed a significant types of 4 gene-environment interaction. Interaction index (γ) value was 3.38 and OReg value was 8.40, suggesting that a super multi-plicative interaction occured. The results also showed that GST M1 null genotype had a high exposure-gene effect interaction with tobacco smoking (pack year), while γ values were 0.995, 2.085 and 2.157 respectively. A low exposure-gene effect interaction was found in GST M1 null genotype with the amount of (kg*year) alcohol consumption while γ values were 1.01 and 0.97 respectively. Conclusion　Logistic regression model can be used to evaluate gene-environment interaction and dose-response of exposure-gene effect.

Effect of Eomecon chionantha alkaloids on ultrastructure of genital system of Oncomelania hupensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the mechanism of Eomecon chionantha alkaloids (ECA) against Oncomelania hupensis by means of observing the effect of ECA on the genital system of O.hupensis. Methods O.hupensis was dissected after immersed in ECA for 48 hours; the testes and ovary were took out and made for electron microscopy samples by the conventional method. The change of structure was observed by Hitach H-600 Transmission Electron Microscope. Results After immersed in ECA, oocyte of O.hupensis was obviously atrophied and spermatogonium pyknosis occured. Conclusion ECA could damage the genital system of O.hupensis seriously.