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With intensified aging， Alzheimer's disease has become a serious problem in China's health field. In the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， Alzheimer's disease mainly describes cognitive deficits such as dementia and amnesia. After the inheritance and summary by medical experts of successive generations， the theory of "toxin damaging brain collaterals" has become a mature pathogenesis hypothesis of this disease. Blood stasis， as one of the main viral pathogens， is also closely related to the theory of Alzheimer's disease in modern pharmacology. Chuanxiong Rhizoma is used frequently in clinical prescriptions for Alzheimer's disease. As the main component of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， tetramethylpyrazine has a series of pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system such as vasodilation， anti-platelet aggregation， anti-atherosclerosis， and anti-myocardial ischemia， which reflects the effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However， few studies have focused on the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. From the perspective of TCM theory and modern pharmacology， this article discussed the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease from the aspects of cardiovascular function， oxidative stress， inflammatory response， mitochondrial function， and cholinergic system and made prospects for the future application of tetramethylpyrazine to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease.
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A young maxillary lateral incisor of Oehlers type Ⅲ Dens invaginatus with peri-invagination periodontitis was reconstructed by CBCT,with the help of guided endodontics,the pathway to invagination was successfully established.The invaginated pseudo-root canal was treated with Vitapex mediation while preserving the pulp.After 6-month follow-up,the tooth was clinically asymptomatic.Radiological ex-amination indicated complete healing of the peri-invagination lesion with narrowed open apex,and the thickened root canal wall.
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ObjectiveTo study the inhibitory effect of aloe-emodin （AE） on aluminum ion （Al3+）-induced β-amyloid protein 42 （Aβ42） aggregation and its depolymerization on formed Aβ42-Al3+ aggregates in vitro， and to investigate the effect of AE on the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 aggregation in the presence of Al3+. MethodThe Aβ42 group， Aβ42+Al3+ group， Aβ42+AE group， Aβ42+Al3++AE group and the depolymerization test group were set up in the experiment. The aggregation fibrosis process， aggregation morphology， aggregation size and cytotoxicity of Aβ42 in each group were detected by thioflavin T （ThT） fluorescence assay， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， dynamic light scattering （DLS） experiment and thiazolyl blue （MTT） cytotoxicity assay. ResultCompared with the Aβ42 group， Al3+ could promote Aβ42 aggregation， increase the fluorescence intensity of ThT by 124.48%， induce the aggregation of Aβ42 to form fiber bundles with larger particle size， and significantly reduce the cell viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells （P<0.01）， thus reducing the cell survival rate to 51.05%. AE not only inhibited Aβ42 aggregation， but also inhibited Al3+-induced Aβ42 aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the Aβ42+Al3+ group， high concentration of AE could reduce the ThT fluorescence intensity to 41.66%， and change the polypeptide aggregation pathway to form amorphous aggregates with small particle size. Besides， it significantly inhibited the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 induced by Al3+ （P<0.01）， and restored the cell survival rate to 84.87%. Further depolymerization was conducted， AE could depolymerize Aβ42-Al3+ aggregates to make the formed aggregates disappear and form some small-particle short fibers and amorphous structure aggregates with low toxicity. ConclusionAE can inhibit Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxicity in the presence of Al3+， depolymerize the formed Aβ42-Al3+ aggregates and alleviate the cytotoxicity， thus laying the foundation for exploring the mechanism of AE in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
RESUMO
ObjectiveTo study the inhibitory effect of aloe-emodin （AE） on aluminum ion （Al3+）-induced β-amyloid protein 42 （Aβ42） aggregation and its depolymerization on formed Aβ42-Al3+ aggregates in vitro， and to investigate the effect of AE on the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 aggregation in the presence of Al3+. MethodThe Aβ42 group， Aβ42+Al3+ group， Aβ42+AE group， Aβ42+Al3++AE group and the depolymerization test group were set up in the experiment. The aggregation fibrosis process， aggregation morphology， aggregation size and cytotoxicity of Aβ42 in each group were detected by thioflavin T （ThT） fluorescence assay， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， dynamic light scattering （DLS） experiment and thiazolyl blue （MTT） cytotoxicity assay. ResultCompared with the Aβ42 group， Al3+ could promote Aβ42 aggregation， increase the fluorescence intensity of ThT by 124.48%， induce the aggregation of Aβ42 to form fiber bundles with larger particle size， and significantly reduce the cell viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells （P<0.01）， thus reducing the cell survival rate to 51.05%. AE not only inhibited Aβ42 aggregation， but also inhibited Al3+-induced Aβ42 aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the Aβ42+Al3+ group， high concentration of AE could reduce the ThT fluorescence intensity to 41.66%， and change the polypeptide aggregation pathway to form amorphous aggregates with small particle size. Besides， it significantly inhibited the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 induced by Al3+ （P<0.01）， and restored the cell survival rate to 84.87%. Further depolymerization was conducted， AE could depolymerize Aβ42-Al3+ aggregates to make the formed aggregates disappear and form some small-particle short fibers and amorphous structure aggregates with low toxicity. ConclusionAE can inhibit Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxicity in the presence of Al3+， depolymerize the formed Aβ42-Al3+ aggregates and alleviate the cytotoxicity， thus laying the foundation for exploring the mechanism of AE in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Objective To improve the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric mesenchymal hamartoma of liver(M HL)by analyzing and summarizing the CT findings.Methods Five pediatric patients with M HL confirmed by postoperative pathology were enrolled,all patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT before operation.Results All lesions were located in the right lobe of liver.The tumor size ranged from 98 mm to 139 mm(mean size was 122 mm)in diameter.Four cases showed cystic and solid mixed masses,and one solid masses.After contrast administration,the substantial part of the mass and its septa showed enhancement while no enhancement was observed in the cystic part.No calcification was observed in the tumor.Conclusion M HL has some special CT characters.Most of M HL can be diagnosed combined with clinical practice as well as CT.
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Objective To investigate the expression of VEGF and VEGFR in non?small cell lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion, and analyze the relationship between VEGF and VEGFR and malignant pleural effusion. Methods The VEGF and VEGFR expression were detect?ed using immunohistochemistry in pleural and lung tumors tissues of 30Ⅳstage non?small cell lung cancer patients,and the relationship between VEGF and VEGFR expression and malignant pleural effusion was analyzed. Results The expression of VEGF and VEGFR in pleural tissue of pa?tients with malignant pleural effusion was significantly higher than those without malignant pleural effusion(P<0.05). Conclusion There is a very close correlation between high expression of VEGF and VEGFR and formation of malignant pleural effusion.