RESUMO
As a key ocular structure, ciliary muscle has a major role in accommodating both eye and aqueous humor drainage. Recent studies have found that the position and shape of ciliary muscles in myopia are significantly different from those in emmetropia or hyperopia, and the differences of ciliary muscle may affect the progress of myopia by altering ocular accommodation, choroidal tension and intraocular pressure. The present evidence indicating that the thickening of posterior ciliary muscle was associated with the development of myopia, but the mechanism has not been clearly confirmed. This paper summarizes the relationship between the differences of ciliary muscle and myopia, and the possible mechanism of myopia changes affected by ciliary muscle, so as to provide reference for follow-up research.
RESUMO
@#AIM: To investigate whether under-correction and full correction affect the refractive changes and vision improvement of children with high hyperopia and amblyopia. <p>METHODS: A total of 49 children(98 eyes)with high hyperopia and amblyopia who received amblyopia treatment for 3a or more in Suining Central Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected. According to the differences between the prescription of optician and the results of cycloplegic refractions, the patients were divided into two groups: under correction group 29 cases with 58 eyes(the difference of spherical power ≥1.5D)and full correction group 20 cases with 40 eyes(the difference of spherical power ≤0.25D). Then, repeated measurement analysis of variance method was used to analyze the changes of refractive error and vision of the two groups of children during 3a of treatment. <p>RESULTS:There was no statistical difference in age, diopter and corrected vision between the two groups at the beginning of diagnosis(<i>P</i>>0.05). The diopter of the two groups decreased gradually during the treatment, and the diopter of the children in the under correction group decreased significantly higher than that in the full correction group(<i>F</i><sub>time</sub>=500.299, <i>P</i><sub>time</sub><0.01, <i>F</i><sub>group</sub>=6.949, <i>P</i><sub>group</sub>=0.010). The reduction of hyperopia in the under correction group was 1.215±0.262D, and 0.612±0.211D in the full correction group. The hyperopia reduction was significantly higher in the under correction group(<i>t</i>=-12.068, <i>P</i><0.01). The corrected visual acuity of the two groups increased with the prolongation of treatment time. The improvement of visual acuity in the under correction group was significantly better than that in the full correction group(<i>F</i><sub>time</sub>=1138.526, <i>P</i><sub>time</sub><0.01, <i>F</i><sub>group</sub>=14.206, <i>P</i><sub>group</sub><0.01). <p>CONCLUSION: The hyperopia reduction and vision improvement of children with under correction were better than that with full correction. Suitably under correction of hyperopia can better promote the eye growth and vision improvement of children with high hyperopia and amblyopia.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate how the oral language development enhances articulators to function well in cleft palate movement and velopharyngeal closure in the young Chinese children with repaired cleft palate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The recordings of 78 cases of Chinese toddlers with repaired cleft palate were reviewed. This group of children aged from 27 months to 33 months (average: 30 months). Transcription using Pinyin system was made. Mean utterance count (MUC) and mean special consonant correct count (MSCC) were calculated. Correlation between MUC and MSCC was statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The correlation coefficient of MUC and MSCC is 0.360 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is positive correlation between the oral language development and restoration of velopharyngeal closure function. Children with repaired cleft palate should be encouraged to start oral language as early as possible and as much as possible in order to get the restoration of velopharyngeal closure function.</p>