Clean Intermittent Catheterization after Sigmoid Augmentation Cystoplasty and Abdominal Sigmoidostomy: A Case Report / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To summarize the nursing care of a patient with clean intermittent catheterization after sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty and abdominal sigmoidostomy for the treatment of neurogenic bladder. Methods:On October 16, 2017, one patient with neurogenic bladder was admitted to Beijing Bo'ai Hospital. Psychological instructions were given to the patient after surgery. Catheter of appropriate type and material was selected, and then the patient was instructed to implement correct and regular clean intermittent catheterization procedures. At the same time, nursing care of abdominal sigmoidostomy was carried out. In order to prevent tube blocking, bladder irrigation was implemented at regular intervals. Follow-up visit was scheduled. Results:After four-month follow-up, the patient completed the whole procedures successfully, and its renal function was protected without severe urinary tract infection, also the patient was with good social adaptation. Conclusion:Comprehensive nursing care is needed in patients after sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty and abdominal sigmoidostomy. Correct and regular clean intermittent catheterization is critical. Psychological nursing, care of abdominal sigmoidostomy and tube blocking prevention should not be neglected, also long-term follow-up is of great significance for the outcome.

Effect of intrapulpal pressure on the bonding strength of resin cement to dentin / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of intrapulpal pressure simulation on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin cement to dentin.@*METHODS@#Thirty extracted human third molars were selected. Occlusal enamel was removed to expose dentine surface and teeth with residual dentin thickness of 0.5-2.5 mm were selected. Dye permeation through dentin tubules with or without intrapulpal pressure (IPP) simulation, or after Single Bond Universal (SBU) application on dentin surface with IPP simulation were observed at the end of 0 min, 5 min, 30 min and 2 h. The teeth with residual dentin thickness of (1.0±0.1) mm were divided into 2 groups with IPP simulation of 15 or 0 cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa), which was maintained for 30 min before bonding procedure. SBU was applied on the dentin surface and light cured, then RelyX Ultimate (RLX) cement was heaped on the dentin surface (diameter=10 mm, height=4 mm) and light-cured. After the dentin-resin cement samples were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37 °C, the samples were cut into beams with cross sectional area of 0.9 mm×0.9 mm for μTSB testing (n=100). The data were analyzed with two independent samples t-test (α=0.05). The fracture mode was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were analyzed with Fisher exact test (α=0.05). The rest of dentin-resin cement samples (five samples for each group) were cut perpendicular to the bonding interface and the morphology of the bonding interface was observed using SEM.@*RESULTS@#The dye permeation through dentin tubules with IPP simulation was faster than those without IPP simulation. The μTSB of RLX to dentin with and without IPP simulation were (26.26±9.78) MPa and (28.70±9.0) MPa, respectively. The most frequent fracture mode was mixed-fracture mode. There was no significant difference between the two groups for neither bond strength nor fracture types distribution (P>0.05). Regarding the morphology of dentin-resin cement bonding interface, both groups showed 4-8 μm finger-like resin tags.@*CONCLUSION@#With SBU pretreatment, the IPP simulation had no influence on the immediate bond strength of RLX to dentin.

Effect of Platelet-derived P-selectin on Neutrophil Recruitment in a Mouse Model of Sepsis-induced Acute Kidney Injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe disease in critically ill patients. Neutrophil infiltration into kidney was associated with the development of AKI, and P-selectin may be involved in the process of neutrophil recruitment in kidney. This study aimed to explore the potential effect of platelet-derived P-selectin on neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of sepsis-induced AKI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 30 C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups (n = 6 in each): sham group, sepsis group, anti-Ly6G group, anti-P-selectin group, and platelet depletion group. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Serum creatinine concentration and platelet activity were measured by biochemical detector and flow cytometry, respectively. Histological and pathological features were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, respectively. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was detected with MPO assay. Unpaired t-test was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum creatinine increased significantly in septic group compared to sham group (2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl vs. 0.82 ± 0.19 mg/dl, t = 12.06, P = 0.0000) but attenuated in antibodies-treated animals compared to septic group (anti-Ly6G: 1.62 ± 0.30 mg/dl vs. 2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl, t = 5.76, P = 0.0004; anti-P-selectin: 1.76 ± 0.31 mg/dl vs. 2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl, t = 4.92, P = 0.0012; and platelet depletion: 1.93 ± 0.29 mg/dl vs. 2.68 ± 0.27 mg/dl, t = 4.14, P = 0.0032). Platelet amount significantly decreased compared to sham group (658.20 ± 60.64 × 109/L vs. 822.00 ± 48.60 × 109/L, t = 4.71, P = 0.0015) in septic mice, especially in platelet depletion group (240.80 ± 44.98 × 109/L vs. 822.00 ± 48.60 × 109/L, t = 19.63, P = 0.0000). P-selectin activity was significantly increased in septic group compared to sham group (16.54 ± 1.60% vs. 1.90 ± 0.29%, t = 15.64, P = 0.0000) but decreased significantly in platelet depletion group compared to septic group (3.62 ± 0.68% vs. 16.54 ± 1.60%, t = 12.89, P = 0.0002). IHC analysis shown that neutrophil infiltration increased in septic mice compared to sham group (36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 9.17 ± 1.61%, t = 11.58, P = 0.0003) and function-blocked groups (anti-Ly6G: 36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 15.33 ± 1.53%, t = 9.05, P = 0.0008; anti-P-selectin: 36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 21.33 ± 1.53%, t = 6.51, P = 0.0029; and platelet depletion: 36.67 ± 3.79% vs. 23.33 ± 3.06%, t = 4.75, P = 0.0090). MPO increased significantly in septic group compared to control (49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot vs. 13.04 ± 2.16 ng/mg prot, t = 19.03, P = 0.0000) but decreased in function-blocked groups compared to septic group (anti-Ly6G: 26.52 ± 3.86 ng/mg prot vs. 49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot, t = 9.59, P = 0.0000; anti-P-selectin: 33.06 ± 6.75 ng/mg prot vs. 49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot, t = 4.85, P = 0.0013; and platelet depletion: 33.37 ± 2.25 ng/mg prot vs. 49.73 ± 1.83 ng/mg prot, t = 5.33, P = 0.0007).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Platelets-derived P-selectin may be involved in the development of septic AKI through inducing neutrophil infiltration into kidney.</p>

Establishment and application of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for detecting recent thymic output function / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an accurate and efficient method for detecting recent thymic output function and analyze the content of T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the specific sequence of TCRdelta, the primers and the fluorescent probe (TaqMan) were designed and synthesized. The standard quantitative template was constructed by T/A cloning. The method for detecting TRECs was established after optimization of reaction condition, then its specificity, sensitivity and stability were tested. Quantitative detection of TRECs in DNA of PBMCs from normal individuals and patients of chronic hepatitis B were preformed by real-time PCR using TaqMan technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Detection of TRECs was quick and accurate by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The CV value of Ct was 1.06%, the product was specific which was confirmed by electrophoresis and sequencing and the method showed high sensitivity. The mean value of TRECs from normal individuals was (7767.4 +/- 2369.5) copies/10(6)PBMCs in healthy controls at age 21.45 but (28,374.4 +/- 7820.4) copies/10(6)PBMCs in those at age 16.20 (P < 0.05). The mean value of TRECs from patients with chronic hepatitis B was (6480.9 +/- 2031.2) copies/10(6) PBMCs in those at age 21.45, which was statistically significant as compared with normal individuals at age 21.45.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for detecting the TRECs is an accurate, efficient and stable method and the recent thymic output function might decrease in patients with chronic hepatitis B.</p>

A study on the prevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections in intravenous drug users / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study HIV, HBV and HCV infections in intravenous drug users.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>2025 blood samples from intravenous drug users were collected from Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi and Xinjiang regions, and tested for anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg using enzyme-linked immuno-sobent assays (ELISAs).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of anti-HIV,anti-HCV and HBsAg were14.7%-30.4%, 60.7%-85.5% and 6.6%-22.4% in the intravenous drug users, respectively. The co-infection rates of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV, HCV/HBV and HIV/HCV/HBV were 0%-0.4%, 11.6%-27.2%, 2.3%-14.3% and 1.6%-4.8% respectively in this population.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The infection rates of HIV, HBV and HCV were higher in the intravenous drug users than that in general populations in the same regions, and HIV/HCV co-infection appeared most frequent in this population.</p>

Evaluation of procleix HIV/HCV RNA diagnostic assay / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of Procleix HIV/HCV RNA diagnostic assay.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV antibody positive or suspected positive plasmas of blood donors were collected from different provinces and detected with HIV antibody ELISA and HCV antibody ELISA. Samples positive for HIV by ELISA were confirmed by using HIV Blot. All the plasma samples were detected with Procleix HIV/HCV assay, HIV-1 discriminatory assay and HCV discriminatory assay, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 74 samples positive for both HIV and HCV antibody were positive and 5 samples negative for both HIV and HCV antibody were negative when detected using Procleix HIV/HCV assay; 82 of 84 supplemental HIV antibody positive samples and 6 of 12 supplemental indeterminate samples were positive for HIV RNA, and all 7 HIV antibody negative samples were negative for HIV RNA when detected by using Procleix HIV discriminatory assay. Seventy of 81 HCV antibody positive samples and 4 of 22 HCV antibody negative samples were positive for HCV RNA when detected by using Procleix HCV discriminatory assay.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This reagent is more sensitive and could be used in blood screening, thereby can reduce both HIV and HCV transmission of blood in window period of HIV and HCV infection.</p>

A study on the mutation of P gene region including YMDD motif in hepatitis B virus / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the primary structure and heterogenenity of P gene region including YMDD motif in hepatitis B virus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From serum samples collected from 4 patients who had never been treated with anti-viral drugs, DNA fragments of 1057bp long of P gene were amplified and cloned into pUC19. Twenty positive clones were chosen randomly from each sample. The YMDD motif mutation was detected by mismatched PCR-RFLP. Finally last ten positive clones of two samples were sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nucleotide mutation rates among clones of Sample 1 and 2 were 0.3% - 1.1%, 0.4% - 1.7%, respectively. Among 80 clones, the variations from YMDD to YMGD were revealed in two clones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are HBV quasispecies in the P gene region including YMDD motif of hepatitis B virus and a novel mutation of YMDD motif in the sera of patients without being therapied by anti-viral drugs.</p>

Development and preliminary application of monoclonal antibodies against N protein of SARS virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop the monoclonal antibody against N protein of SARS virus and study its applicability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant N protein. Spleen cells were collected and infused with SP2/0 cell. The infused cells were screened for anti-N protein antibody with ELISA. The positive cells were cloned and injected into abdominal cavity. The antibodies were purified from ascites. The affinities of those purified antibodies were analyzed with ELISA. The ELISA for detection of SARS virus antigen was developed by using antibody with the highest affinity. Its sensitivity and specificity were also evaluated primarily.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven monoclonal cells secreting antibody have been developed. Three of the 11 purified monoclonal antibodies had very high affinity to N protein, while 4 purified McAbs showed very weak reaction to N protein, the affinities of remaining 4 McAbs were in between. The ELISA for detection of SARS virus antigen was developed with McAb 7. Its sensitivity was about 31 PFU/ml and had no cross reaction with other respiratory viruses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The monoclonal antibody has good specificity and may be used to detect SARS virus antigen. However, its sensitivity is to be evaluated further with clinical samples from SARS patients, especially at acute phase.</p>

Establishment of the reference panel for HIV RNA / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a national reference panel for HIV RNA diagnostic reagents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sera from patients with HIV infection and healthy blood donors were collected and tested for HIV and HCV antibodies and HBsAg by using ELISA. The HIV antibody positive samples with ELISA were confirmed with HIV Blot 2.2 (Genelabs). The quantitative samples for HIV RNA were calibrated with the WHO HIV RNA standard. The stability of the panel was evaluated with acceleration method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After screening and calibration, 8 negative samples, 8 positive samples, 3 quantitative samples, 6 sensitivity samples and 5 samples for linear analysis were composed of the national reference panel for HIV RNA. The convinced international units (IU) for the quantitative samples were obtained by seven independent calibration and the logarithm of international units for the quantitative samples (b1-b3) were less than x +/- s. The results showed that this panel may stabilize for 4 days at 4 degrees C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A national reference panel for HIV RNA reagents has been established. It may provide the basis for evaluating HIV RNA diagnostic reagents.</p>

Effects of folic acid cooperated with soybean isoflavone on the neural tube defects pregnant rats / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of folic acid cooperating with soybean isoflavone on the oxidative status of neural tube defects (NTDs) pregnant rats induced by cyclophosphamide, to observe the relationship of the two factors, folic acid and the isoflavone and to look for the best co-intervention group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 100 pregnant rats of 2.5-3 months old were randomly divided into the control group, model group, co-intervention groups and solo-intervention groups. The animals were executed on the 20th day of gestation as to examining the levels of antioxidative indices (GSH, GSH-Px, Se, Mn, Fe) in blood. The incidence rates of NTDs were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The interaction of folic acid and isoflavone had significant effect on the indices related with antioxidation (P < 0.05). Folic acid 0.7 mg/kg cooperated with isoflavone 160 mg/kg had the best intervention effects in our study. Compared with the solo-intervention by folic acid 1.4 mg/kg and isoflavone 320 mg/kg, the effect of co-intervention (folic acid 0.7 mg/kg cooperated with isoflavone 160 mg/kg) was significantly better (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Folic acid should be the main protective factor of NTDs, and isoflavone might reinforce the protective effects of folic the acid on NTDs by increasing the antioxidative ability, however, the effect is related with the ratio of the two factors.</p>

Capacity of HIV enzyme immunoassay diagnostic kits to detect antibodies against different genotypes of HIV / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the capacity of commercial HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) diagnostic kits to detect antibodies against different genotypes of HIV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV RNA was detected with RT-PCR from samples positive for HIV antibody. The purified PCR products were sequenced directly and the genotypes of HIV from samples were analyzed. The samples for each genotype of HIV were diluted and the diluted samples were detected with different HIV EIA diagnostic kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 20 samples positive for HIV antibody were also positive for HIV RNA; 9 of 20 isolates were genotype B, 9 of them were genotype C or CRF BC, 2 of them were CRF AE. The sensitivity of different HIV EIA diagnostic kits to detect antibodies against different genotypes of HIV was not significantly different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The capacity of commercial HIV diagnostic kits to detect antibodies against different HIV genotypes may not be significantly different.</p>