RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence and principal rules of women with syphilis during pregnancy and to develop relative methods to prevent maternal-fetal transmission.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A nested case control study on epidemiologic research was used based on review and preview methods on prevention and cure. Targeting pregnant women with syphilis diagnosed during premarital or pregnancy stages and were identified through rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) but confirmed by treponema pallidum test (TP),a total number of 339 women receiving treatment, intervention and being followed throughout the pregnant and neonatal periods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy was 2.33%, and the positive rate in neonatal cord blood was closely associated with the opportunity of getting maternal treatment. The lowest RPR positive rate was among these women who got pregnant after receiving the treatment. The RPR positive rate of neonatal cord blood was positively relative to the mother's RPR titer. The higher was the mother's blood RPR titer, the worse the prenatal prognosis would turn to.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mother's blood RPR titer and the opportunity of getting treatment were strongly associated with the positive rate in neonatal cord blood. Pregnancy after receiving the treatment was a powerful measure to prevent the maternal-fetal transmission of syphilis.</p>