Research Progress on Non-coding RNAs in Cholesteatoma of the Middle Ear

Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is a common disease in otolaryngology that is receiving increasing attention. It is estimated that over five million people around the world have suffered from middle ear cholesteatoma. The annual incidence of middle ear cholesteatoma has been reported to be 9.2 per 100,000 in adults and 3 per 100,000 in children. Without timely discovery and intervention, cholesteatomas can become perilously large and damage intratemporal structures, causing various intracranial and extracranial complications. No practical nonsurgical treatments are currently available. Although multiple hypotheses exist, research directions have consistently focused on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and bone destruction. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have recently received increasing attention because of their key roles in gene expression, cell cycle regulation, and the development of many diseases. Although ncRNAs are not involved in protein translation, they are abundant in the genome, with only approximately 2% of genes encoding proteins and the remaining approximately 98% encoding ncRNAs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the specific role of ncRNAs in middle ear cholesteatoma.

Analysis of the correlation between radiological and audiological features of patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#The radiological and audiological results of patients with hearing loss associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) were analyzed statistically to explore the association between them.@*Methods@#In this retrospective study, we screened 64 patients (128 ears) with EVA diagnosed in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2012 to June 2016, who met the inclusion criteria and the exclusion criteria at the same time, including 37 males (74 ears) and 27 females (54 ears), aged from 6 months to 17 years, all of whom showed varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The imaging observations included the midpoint measurement (MP) and the operculum measurement(OP) of the temporal bone HRCT, the long signal area cross-sectional area (ESL), the short signal area cross-sectional area (ESS), as well as the largest total signal area cross-sectional area (EST) of the endolymphatic sac(ES) of the cochlear MRI. The audiological observations included collecting detailed medical history and subjective and/or objective audiological examinations to determine the character and degree of hearing loss. According to the progress and changes of hearing loss, they were divided into hearing stability group (86 ears) and fluctuation/progression group (42 ears). SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to carry out statistical analysis of the imaging measurement results.@*Results@#The sizes of MP and OP were smaller in the stable group than those in the fluctuating/progressive group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). For ESL, ESS or EST, there was no significant difference between the stable group and the fluctuating/progressive group (P>0.05). For the 13 patients with asymmetric hearing loss, the sizes of MP, OP, ESL, ESS or EST were not significantly different between the mild side and the serious side (P>0.05). For the ears whose ESL/ESS was>2 or the ESS/ESL was>2, the proportion was not significantly different between the stable group and the fluctuating/progressive group (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#For patients with EVA,the smaller the enlarged vestibular aqueduct is,the more likely it is congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss. Patients with significantly enlarged vestibular aqueduct often exhibit volatility/progressive hearing loss. The degree of enlargement of the endolymphatic vessels and endolymphatic sac is not related to the degree of hearing loss. For EVA patients with asymmetric hearing loss, the mild or serious side of hearing loss is random, which is not affected by the degree of enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac. The degree of hearing loss in patients with EVA is not related to the ratio of ESL/ESS.

Correlational Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Distribution Characteristics of HIV Infection in Xinjiang Region Based on Information Sharing System / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This paper was aimed to study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution characteristics of HIV infection in Xinjiang region based on the Clinical Medical Research Information Sharing System (CMRISS).CMRISS was used to establish a database (data were from 1151 hospital electronic medical records from May 2011 to March 2012).Oracle and ETL software were used in the data processing.Visualization analysis was used in the data mining.The results showed that syndrome distribution of HIV infection in Xinjiang region was concentrated in four categories with the blockade of dampness due to qi deficiency,deficiency of both qi and yin,yin deficiency of liver and kidney,and the stagnation of liver qi.The syndrome of blockade of dampness due to qi deficiency was relatively concentrated in the range of 20-30 years old,with the majority of female population.The proportion of sexually transmitted infection was more.The syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin was relatively concentrated in the age range of 30-40 years old,with the majority of male population.The large proportion of infection was due to intravenous drug use.Among different TCM syndromes,Uyghur population occupied relatively large part.Stratified analysis on disease course due to the change of TCM syndrome according to 1 year,3 years and 5 years revealed the disease development rule from excess syndrome,deficiency combined with excess,to deficiency syndrome.It was concluded that the application of CMRISS was able to process a large amount of clinical data.The data mining results can be used to guide clinical practice.It provided a better platform for the scientific research of TCM clinical practice.

Analysis of Hearing Screening Results in 1 045 Newborns / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate factors influencing pass rates for newborn hearing screening under the same test conditions and using the same test methods.Methods Newborn hearing screening was carried out in 1 045 randomly selected newborns in Shengjing Hospital from January to June 2014.The newborns were screened at 2 days of age using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE).Related factors,including the number of embryos,birth weight,gestational age,gender,and mode of delivery were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software.Results Of 1 045 newborns,860 (82.3％) passed the hearing screening test and 185 failed.The number of embryos,ear-side tested,gestational age,and birth weight significantly influenced the pass rate using TEOAE.Term infants had a higher pass rate than premature ones (P ＜ 0.001).Heavier infants were more likely to pass (P =0.003).Right ears had a higher pass rate than left ears (P ＜ 0.001).Single babies had a higher pass rate than twins (P ＜ 0.001).Gender (P =0.361) and delivery mode (P =0.892) did not affect the pass rate.Conclusion The number of embryos,birth weight,gestational age,and ear-side tested affect newborn hearing screening results,but gender and mode of delivery show no significant effects on screening.

Retrospective Observation of the Clinical Efficacy of Mouse Nerve Growth Factor in the Treatment of Unilateral Sudden Deafness / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nerve growth factors in the treatment of sudden deafness.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 124 cases of hospitalized patients who suffered from unilateral sudden deafness from November 2013 to February 2015.The patients were divided into two groups: 59 in the treatment group and 65 in the control group.Each group was further divided into four subgroups according to different audiometric curves: the low-frequency declining type, the high-frequency declining type, the flat type, the completely deafness type.The control group: the patients were treated with the conventional therapy according to different audiometric curves.The treatment group: intramuscular mouse nerve growth factor treatment was added on the basis of conventional therapy mentioned above.The both treatments lasted 10 days.The total efficiency of two groups was compared ,and the efficiency of the subgroups was also compared.Results The total efficiency of the treatment group was 64.40% and 44.62% for the control group.The total efficiency of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group.The analysis revealed as having statistically significant differences (x2=4.877,P=0.0320.05).Conclusion The mouse nerve growth factor has a positive effect on the treatment of sudden deafness, and has shown the acceptable clinical efficacy without side-effect.Thus the mouse nerve growth factor is a safe and effective drug for treating sudden deafness.

Study on Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Activity ofTaiqi PeiyuanGranules / 中国中医药信息杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the vitro anti-HIV-1 activity ofTaiqi Peiyuan Granules.MethodsMTT was used to detect cytotoxicity ofTaiqi Peiyuan Granules; cytopathy method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of Taiqi Peiyuan Granules on acute infection of HIV-1; HIV-1 p24 antigen ELISA detection was used to detect inhibitory activity ofTaiqi Peiyuan Granules for virus replication of HIV-1 acute infection cells, and count the medical therapeutic indexes.ResultsCC50ofTaiqi Peiyuan Granules in cytotoxicity test was 3.761±0.370 mg/mL; the EC50 of inhibition syncytial test was 0.454 5±0.204 6 mg/mL; the therapeutic index was between 5.84 and 12.97; p24 ofTaiqi Peiyuan Granules in inhibition experiments was 0.56±0.27 mg/mL, and the therapeutic index was between 5.30 and 8.74.ConclusionAnti-HIV-1 activity ofTaiqi Peiyuan Granules is relatively weak.

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Speech Rehabilitation after Cochlear Implantation in Preschool Children Who Lost Their Hearing before Learning to Speak All Ages / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To observe the effects of rehabilitation in the 55 prelingually deaf pediatric cases for two years after cochlear implantation ,factors including cochlear implantation and recovery time ;to compare the re-covery effects in the group of 1 to 3 years old children with the group of 3~5 years old (including the age of 3 years old) who lost their hearing before learning to speak ,and to provide clinical evidence for providing cochlear implant therapy to the prelingually deaf children as early as possible .Methods A total of 55 pediatric relingually deaf cases were included in this study .According to their implantation time and application duration ,they were divided into 2 groups :1 to 3 years old group (32 cases) ,and >3 to 5 years old group (23 cases) respectively .The hearing ,lan-guage and learning abilities on 1 ,3 ,6 ,12 ,18 ,24 months after cochlear implantation were evaluated ,using statisti-cal method to record CAP and SIR scores .Results The rehabilitation effects ,the average ages ,CAP ,speech rec-ognition rates and SIR were increased two years afterwards .The effects of younger age group were more noticeable than that in the older group .The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Av-erage speech recognition rates ,average speech rehabilitation effects in each postoperative period of younger age group were better than those of in older age group ,showing significant differences (P<0 .05);CAPs in the younger age group on 1 ,3 and 12 months after CI surgery were significantly higher than those of in the older group (P value were 0 .001 ,0 .001 and 0 .002 ,respectively) .SIR in the younger age group at the time of 1 ,3 ,12 ,24 months were significantly higher than those of in the older group(P values were 0 .00 ,0 .00 ,0 .00 and 0 .024 ,respectively) . Conclusion Implanted age and recovery time are the key factors that influence the effects of postoperative rehabilita-tion .The younger when the children get cochlear implantation and the longer the recovery time takes during two years after cochlear implantation ,the better the results are .The standardization of domestic assessment for the re-covery effects and the international evaluation method have a certain degree of equivalence .

Multi-center comparative study of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone in treatment of all-frequency sudden hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through a prospective cohort study, to assess the clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone (MP) and dexamethasone (DXM) in treatment of all-frequency sudden hearing loss.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 76 cases of all-frequency sudden hearing loss were included in this study and divided into two groups. The MP group (n = 40) was treated with MP 40 mg qd, for 5 days, combined with conventional treatment. The DXM group (n = 36) was treated with DXM 10 mg qd, for 5 days, combined with conventional treatment. The total period of treatment was 14 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment for 14 days, in the MP group,17 cases were cured (42.5%), 7 cases were markedly improved (17.5%), 9 cases were effective (22.5%), and 7 cases were invalid (17.5%), the total effective rate was 82.5%. As for the patients in the DXM group, 13 cases were cured (36.1%), 6 cases were markedly improved (16.7%), 8 cases were effective (24.2%), and 9 cases were invalid (25%), the total effective rate was 75.0%. The pure tone audiometry in all-frequency was improved (31.5 ± 17.8) dB in the MP group, and (33.1 ± 24.2) dB in the DXM group. The speech recognition rate was improved (41.7 ± 29.8) %, and (42.0 ± 39.1) % in the DXM group. There were no significant differences between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is no significant difference of therapeutic efficacy between the low-dose MP group and High-dose DXM group.</p>

Clinical Efficacy of Integrative Medicine in Treatment of Nine HIV/AIDS-associated Non-infectious Skin Lesion Cases / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe the clinical efficacy of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) combined withPing-Ai(PA) Mixture in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with non-infectious skin lesions, in order to study the advantages of integrative medicine in AIDS prevention and treatment. A total of 9 cases, who met the inclusion criteria of AIDS-associated non-infectious skin lesion with the pattern ofqi-yin deficiency and internal obstruction of phlegm-stasis, were selected. The combination of HAART and number 1 and 4 prescription of PA Mixture were used in the treatment for 3 months. The observations were made on changes of clinical symptoms, body signs, Karovsky integral and CD4+ T cells of patients before and after treatment. Stata 12.0 was used in the statistical analysis. The results showed that after integrative therapy, the single integral of clinical symptoms and body signs, such as skin spot papula, subcutaneous nodules, skin itching, fatigue was obviously reduced compared to that of the pretreatment. The total score decreased than that of the pretreatment. The patients’ quality of life (QOL) significantly increased. The Karovsky integral increased compared with that of pretreatment. The CD4+ T cells values were higher than that of the pretreatment. It was concluded that the integrative therapy had a certain effect in the treatment of AIDS-associated non-infectious skin lesions, which can improve the clinical symptoms, body signs, obviously increase the patients’ QOL and immune function.

Expression and significance of PTEN, P-ERK and P-AKT in the middle ear cholesteatoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Detect the expressions of the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTEN), phosphorylated protein kinase B (P-AKT) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) in human middle ear cholesteatoma tissue and its correlation to explore their important role in the mechanism of the formation of cholesteatoma.@*METHOD@#Use immunohistochemical SABC method (SABC immunohistochemical method) to detect the expressions and location of PTEN, P-AKT and P-ERK proteins in 40 cases of middle ear cholesteatoma tissue samples and 15 cases of normal ear skin specimens. Use Western blot to detect the expression levels of PTEN, P-AKT, P-ERK proteins and the internal reference GAPDH in 20 cases of cholesteatoma tissue and 10 cases in nor mal ear skin specimens.@*RESULT@#(1) Immunohistochemistry showed coloring of PTEN both in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cholesteatoma and normal skin . Nuclear PTEN positive expression rates in the cholesteatoma was significantly lower than normal skin, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01); cytoplasm PTEN positive expression rates in the cholesteatoma was significantly lower than normal skin, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01); P-AKT mainly expresses in the cytoplasm of cholesteatoma and normal skin. The positive expression rates in the cholesteatoma was significantly higher than normal skin,and the difference was significant (P < 0.01); the P-ERK mainly colors in cholesteatoma and normal skin cell nucleus. the positive expression rates in the cholesteatoma was significantly higher than normal skin, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). In cholesteatoma specimens, there was a significantly negative relationship (P < 0.01) between PTEN, respectively, and P-AKT, P-ERK protein. (2) Western blot discovered: the expression of PTEN in cholesteatoma was significantly less than the amount of expression in normal skin; P-AKT and P-ERK expression in cholesteatoma was significantly more than the level in normal skin.@*CONCLUSION@#Abnormal expression of PTEN, P-AKT and P-ERK protein in cholesteatoma may be closely related to antiapoptosis and high degree of proliferation in cholesteatoma. Expression of PTEN deletion leads to the weakening of the inhibition. Excessive expression of P-AKT gives rise to cholesteatoma epithelial cell apoptosis inhibited; excessive PERK expression result to cholesteatoma epithelial cell proliferation strengthened.

Current Situation and Prospect of HIV/AIDS Research on Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to introduce the research status on HIV/AIDS TCM syndrome and Chinese medicine treatment in China . It also elaborates on the results of HIV/AIDS TCM syndrome and Chinese medicine treatment in X inj iang region . A summary of the existing problems in the research of HIV/AIDS with TCM preven-tion and treatment in China was given and suggestions were put forward .

Observation on Clinical Effect of Ping-Ai Granule I Treatment among 107 HIV/AIDS Infection Cases / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe the clinical effect of Ping-Ai GranulesⅠin the treatment of HIV/AIDS . A total of 107 AIDS cases were divided into Ping-Ai GranulesⅠgroup and Ping-Ai GranulesⅠunited with HAART group. The results showed that there was significant difference between Ping-Ai GranulesⅠgroup and Ping-Ai GranulesⅠunited with HAART group in aspects of symptoms, physical signs, Karnovsky Score and changes of CD4+ T lymphocyte . It was concluded that Ping-Ai GranulesⅠhad the function of improving patient's symptom and increasing patient's immunity and living quality .

Preliminary Summary of Operation Mode of Fighting Against AIDS in Xinjiang Region / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to summarize the medicine operation mode of fighting against AIDS in Xinjiang region in order to play its advantages and find its insufficiencies. The summarization had been made on aspects of resource integration , mode creation , highlighting research priorities and mechanism improvement . Advantages of various aspects had been pointed out and existing problems had been proposed. It was concluded that AIDS study by the National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine in X inj iang still needs to share its re-source, innovate its network system construction model, operate its standard diagnosis and treatment, mechanism and system, and further strengthen its personnel training.

Clinical Observation on Effect of Pingai Mixture in the Treatment of 41 HIV/AIDS Patients / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe the clinical effect of Pingai Mixture intervention on HIV/AIDS patients in order to clarify the characteristics of Pingai Mixture for AIDS treatment. A total of 41 HIV/AIDS patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Pingai Mixture was applied in the treatment. Three months was one treatment course. The treatment was given for two courses. Clinical symptoms, physical signs and changes in CD4+ lymphocytes of HIV/AIDS patients before and after treatment were observed. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the posttreatment total score (primary, secondary symptoms and the main physical sign cred-its) was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P < 0.01). The posttreatment spontaneous perspiration, night sweats, hair loss and other symptoms of a separate score was significantly reduced compared with pretreatment (P< 0.05). There were no significant changes on other symptoms or physical sign indicators. There was no significant difference in the Karnovsky score after 6-month treatment compared with pretreatment. It was concluded that Pingai Mixture is effective in AIDS treatment. It can improve the clinical symptoms and the administration is safe.

Cochlear implantation with pericanal electrode insertion technique / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the surgical technique of the pericanal electrode insertion technique for ies cochlear implantation.@*METHOD@#Forty cases of sensorineural deafness were subjected to the ies cochlear implants. Cochleostomy was performed through the external auditory canal with a microdrill anterior to the round window. The electrode impedance and electrically auditory brainstem responses(EABR) were tested during the operation. The X-ray photographs were taken after the operation. The cochlear implant was activated in all 40 cases 4 weeks following surgery.@*RESULT@#All of the electrodes were inserted and all of the implants worked well. No electrode extrusions or serious surgical complications happened during postoperative observation for 6 months.@*CONCLUSION@#The pericanal electrode insertion technique is a safe approach for ies cochlear implantation.

The influence of air flow rate change on functional evaluation of semicircular canals / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To calculate and compare the change of canal paresis (CP) and directional preponderance (DP) before and after changing air flow rate of testing ear, and to discuss the influence of air flow rate change of single ear on the final result of caloric test.@*METHOD@#The CPs and DPs were calculated when the caloric tests were carried out with the air flow rate 6 L/min in both ears as symmetry stimulation, and with the air flow rate 6 L/min in left ear and 3 L/min in right ear as asymmetric stimulation. Paired T test was used in analysis between symmetry and asymmetric group.@*RESULT@#CPs and DPs declined significant in asymmetric group, and the difference was statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#When air flow rate declined, CP was to the same side, while DP was to opposite side. There might be false positive or negative result.

Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome factors of patients with HIV infection or AIDS in China / 中西医结合学报

To study the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome factors of patients from different areas of China with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Detection of p53 Protein in Tumors of Nasal Cavity and Sinus / 中国医师杂志

0.05). Conclusion The p53 gene mutation has close relation with nasal malignant tumor , and may has no related to the pathogenesis of IP possible.

Clinical and experimental studies of pathological synkinesia / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective　The clinical manifestations and mechanism of pathological synkinesia were studied. Methods　Recurrent pathological synkinesia was measured by clinical and experimental nictitation reflex. The changes of nerve-muscle junctions were observed via scanning electron microscope. Results　All the 32 cases of pathological synkinesia were denervation of degree Ⅲ and severe facial palsy. Reaction undulatory forms of musculus orbicularis oculi and musculus orbicularis oris recorded simultaneously at the stimulated side in trigemial-facial nerve reflex test accounted for 81%(28/32) patients and 89% guinea pigs. Conclusion　Pathological synkinesia was the marker of severe facial palsy and was related with over-error in regeneration of nerve.

Detection of HPV16 and p53 Protein in Tumors of Nasal Cavity and Sinus / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the role of HPV16 and p53 protein in the pathogenesis of tumors of nasal cavity and sinus of Chinese people. Methods The expression of HPV16 and p53 in 58 tumor samples of nasal cavity and sinus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results There was no p53 expression in inverted pipillomas(IP). HPV16 infection rate in IP was 62.5%. The positive rate of p53 protein in the malignant tumors and IP with atypical hyperplasia was 56.0% and 44.4%, respectively, and HPV16 infection rate in the both tissues was 24.0% and 66.7%, respectively. The positive rate of p53 and HPV16 simultaneous expression in IP with atypical hyperplasia were 33.3%, which was higher than that in the malignant tumors and IP without atypical hyperplasia. Conclusion The high-risk HPV16 infection may be primary cause of IP. p53 gene mutation may be close relation with the pathogenesis of nasal cavity and sinus malignant tumors. HPV16 and p53 may have synergic effect in the malignant transformation of nasal cavity and sinus benign tumors.