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Objective:To establish an animal model of acute systemic cold injury in mice.Methods:There were 98 C57BL/6 mice, half male and half female, with body weight of 22-27 g and age of 10 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into 7 groups ( n=14) according to the changes of anal temperature in cold environment, namely, group A (38.5 ± 1) ℃, group B (35 ± 1) ℃, group C (30 ± 1) ℃, group D (25 ± 1) ℃, group E (20 ± 1) ℃, group F (15 ± 1) ℃, and group G (10 ± 1) ℃, among which, group A was the blank control group, and the rest groups were the experimental group. The mice in the blank control group were placed in the normal environment (20 ± 5) ℃, and the mice in the experimental group were placed in the low temperature artificial climate box at - 20℃. The anal temperature of the mice was measured intermittently (as the core temperature), and the time required for the core temperature of the mice to drop to groups B, C, D, E, F and G was recorded. The righting reflex was used to evaluate the consciousness state, the action ability and the general state of each organ of mice were observed, and the blood routine and HE staining of each organ were detected. Results:The lower the core temperature of the experimental group, the longer the time required. The consciousness state, action ability, general state of organs, blood routine, and HE staining of organs in groups B, C, and D were basically the same as those in group A, and there was no acute systemic cold injury. Therefore, the blood routine, general observation of organs, and HE staining of organs in groups B, C, and D were no longer displayed compared with those in group A. Compared with group A, mice in group E began to suffer from disturbance of consciousness and action ability. With the decrease of core body temperature, the damage was aggravated, and mice in group G died. Compared with group A, the indices of blood routine test (WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT) of mice in group E began to decrease, and the univariate variance calculation showed that only WBC changes had statistical significance ( P<0.05). Compared with groups A and E, the indices of blood routine test (WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT) of mice in group F were further reduced, and the changes of each index in univariate variance calculation were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The general observation results showed that compared with group A, the lung, liver and spleen surfaces of mice in group E began to darken, and compared with groups A and E, the lung, liver, spleen, kidney and heart of mice in group F were further deepened and darkened, with irregular edges. HE staining results of various organs showed that compared with group A, the mice in group E began to have partial alveolar structure destruction and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the central vein of the liver was slightly congested, and the red and white pulp of the spleen were indistinct. Compared with groups A and E, the pathological structure damage of the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart and brain tissues of the mice in group F was further aggravated. Conclusions:Detection of consciousness state, action ability, general state of organs, blood routine and HE staining indices of organs in mice under low temperature can simulate the progress of clinical acute cold injury, and the animal model of acute systemic cold injury was successfully prepared.
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Objective To develop a new type of blast injury simulator to establish a mouse model of brain blast injury and study its damage mechanism. Methods Thirty healthy Kunming mice were randomly(random number) divided into the normal control group and brain blast injury model (TBI) group. A mouse model of traumatic brain injury was prepared by a self-developed explosive injury simulator. Morris water maze, Evans blue experiment and HE staining were used to observe the effects of shockwave exposure on spatial memory, blood-brain barrier, and pathological changes of brain tissues. T test was used for statistical analysis. Western blot method was used for detecting expression of brain injury markers Tau, S100β, Choline, inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB, apoptosis factors Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3, and oxide protein stress-related factors IREα, MDA5, COX2 SOD1, and SOD2. Results Compared with the normal control group, (11.2±2.1) s, the time of searching platform in the TBI group was (54.6±8.4) s, was significantly longer (t=-19.330, P<0.05), and the EB exudation in the TBI group was 3.22 times (t=-13.903, P<0.05). Pathological staining revealed neuronal damage in the hippocampus, and TBI induced brain injury markers Tau(0.26±0.03 vs 0.46±0.04,t=-9.788, P<0.05), S100β(0.54±0.03 vs 0.74±0.02,t=-12.433, P<0.05) and Choline(0.54±0.05 vs 0.80±0.04, t=-7.970, P<0.05), inflammatory cytokines IL-1β(0.22±0.04 vs 0.31±0.05,t=-3.431, P<0.05), IL-4(0.65±0.02 vs 0.97±0.03, t=-18.927, P<0.05), IL-6(0.88±0.05 vs 1.07±0.08, t=-9.488, P<0.05) and NF-κB(0.80±0.06 vs 1.03±0.07,t=-4.507, P<0.05), and pro-apoptotic cytokines Bax(0.66±0.04 vs 0.78±0.04, t=-13.007, P<0.05) and Caspase3(0.44±0.03 vs 0.60±0.05, t=-4.472, P<0.05), oxidative stress-related factor pro IREα(0.72±0.06 vs 1.07±0.04, t=-9.665, P<0.05), MDA5(0.47±0.02 vs 0.77±0.02, t=-23.678, P<0.05) and expression of COX2(0.70±0.07 vs 0.86±0.02, t=-6.421, P<0.05), inhibition of inflammation inhibitory factor IL-10(1.14±0.06 vs 0.74±0.07, t=13.729, P<0.05), inhibition of apoptosis factors Bcl-2(0.72±0.05 vs 0.46±0.02, t=11.491, P<0.05) and inhibition of oxidative stress factors SOD1(1.17±0.05 vs 0.99±0.01, t=7.731, P<0.05) and SOD2(0.81±0.05 vs 0.61±0.04, t=10.257, P<0.05) expression. Conclusions The brain injury induced by blast exposure can induce spatial learning and memory loss, blood brain barrier disruption, neuronal damage hippocampus in mice, and promote the expression of brain injury markers, induce inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The self-developed explosive shock simulator successfully establishes a mouse brain blast injury model.
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Objective To evaluate conventional ultrasound combined with real-time elastography in differential diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer with a logistic regression model.Methods Conventional ultrasound and real-time elastography were performed in 112 breast cancer patients with 113 axillary lymph nodes.All the cases were confirmed with pathological examinations after surgery. A binary logistic regression model based on ultrasonographic features was developed.A receiver operator characteristic ( ROC) curve was constructed to assess the performance of the model.Results There were 28 nodes with no metastasis and 85 with metastasis in a total of 113 axillary lymph nodes.Three ultrasonographic features including the elastic strain ratio(SR), elastic score and shape were finally selected into the logistic regression model .The correct rate of the logistic regression model for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis was 93.8%, and the area under ROC curve was 0.962.Conclusion The binary classification logistic regression model has a good diagnostic efficacy in the diagnosis of benign and malignant axillary lymph nodes,while real-time elastography can improve the accuracy of conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes.