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Objective To investigate the current status of interventional radiology resources, radiation protection equipment, and the rate of wearing of personal dosimeters in Qingdao, China, and to provide a data basis for strengthening radiation protection and health management for interventional radiation workers. Methods A questionnaire survey was performed on all medical institutions with interventional radiation services in Qingdao. The data from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 were pooled and analyzed. Results A total of 31 medical institutions in Qingdao were investigated, including 23 (74.20%) tertiary hospitals and 8 (25.80%) secondary hospitals. There were 88 pieces of interventional radiation equipment in total in Qingdao, 89.77% of which were in tertiary hospitals. A total of 921 interventional professionals participated, with 865 (93.92%) from tertiary hospitals and 56 (6.08%) from secondary hospitals. The mean annual number of visits to interventional services was 5.72 per 1000 people. Among personal protective equipment, the equipment rates of lead-rubber aprons, lead-rubber caps, and lead-rubber collars were highest, all being 100%. The rate of equipment of interventional protective gloves was lowest, which was only 51.61%. The mean number of each accessory protective equipment for each interventional machine was less than 1. The rate of wearing of dual-dosimeters was 84.36%. Conclusion Tertiary hospitals were dominant among the medical institutions in this survey of interventional radiology services in Qingdao. The most frequently equipped personal protective goods were lead-rubber aprons, caps, and collars. The equipment rates of interventional protective gloves and protective accessories and the rate of wearing of dual-dosimeters were relatively low.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of combined exposure to black carbon and lead on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and their regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the rat choroid plexus epithelial Z310 cells. Methods: i) Z310 cells were randomly divided into control group, black carbon exposure group, lead exposure group and combined exposure group. The lead exposure group and black carbon exposure group were treated with 10 μmol/L lead acetate and 10 mg/L black carbon, respectively, and the combined exposure group was treated with both in the above doses. After 12.0 hours, the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in Z310 cells was detected by Western blotting. The expression of miR-326, miR-328-3p and miR-542-3p which regulated ICAM-1 was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ii) Z310 cells or Z310 cells transfected with miRNA-326 mimic were randomly divided into control group, miRNA-326 transfection control group, combined exposure group and miRNA-326 transfection combined exposure group. Cells in the two control groups were not treated. The two combined exposure groups were treated with 10 mg/L black carbon and 10 μmol/L lead acetate for 12.0 hours. The expression of ICAM-1 was detected by Western blotting. Results: i) The relative expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 in the cells of black carbon exposure group and ICAM-1 in the lead exposure group was higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The relative expression of ICAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 in the combined exposure group was higher than those in the other three groups (all P<0.05). The relative expression of VCAM-1 in cells of combined exposure group was higher than those in the control group and lead exposed group (all P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-326 in cells of the lead exposure group and black carbon exposure group was lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-326 in the combined exposure group was lower than that in the other three groups (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between miR-328-3p and miR-542-3p in the four groups (all P>0.05). ii) The relative expression of ICAM-1 in cells of the miR-326 transfection control group cells was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), while in the cells in the combined exposure and miRNA-326 transfection combined exposure group, it was higher than that in the control and miRNA-326 transfection control groups (all P<0.05), and lower in the miRNA-326 transfection combined exposure group than in the combined exposure group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Black carbon or lead exposure can upregulate the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 in Z310 cells. Black carbon and lead combined exposure lead to a synergistic effect on upregulation of ICAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 expression, particularly ICAM-1. The combined exposure of black carbon and lead may upregulate the expression of ICAM-1 by downregulating the expression of miR-326.
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Objective To investigate the application status of radiotherapy and nuclear medicine resources in Qingdao, China, and to provide a data foundation for the development of radiotherapy and nuclear medicine in this city. Methods A questionnaire survey was performed on all medical institutions with radiotherapy and nuclear medicine services across Qingdao. The cut off date for questionnaire data pooling was March 31, 2021. Results A total of 18 hospitals have radiotherapy services in Qingdao, including 12 (66.67%) tertiary hospitals and 6 (33.33%) secondary hospitals. There were 29 pieces of radiotherapy equipment in total, including 24 (82.76%) linear accelerators, 4(13.79%) brachytherapy units, and 1(3.45%) helical tomotherapy unit. Among all patients with radiotherapy in Qingdao, 79.68% were treated in tertiary hospitals. Nuclear medicine departments have been set up in five medical institutions in Qingdao, all in tertiary hospitals. There were five PET-CT scanners, seven SPECT scanners, and two cyclotrons in these nuclear medicine departments. Conclusion Qingdao had a higher radiotherapy equipping rate than the national average level, but with an uneven personnel distribution. Some secondary hospitals were short of medical physicists. The penetration rates of nuclear medicine equipment and personnel should be improved.
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Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Wnt pathway inhibitor IWR-1-endo on the biological behaviors of human hepatocarcinoma cell Huh7.Methods:Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell Huh7 was cultured in vitro, and Huh7 cells were treated with IWR-1-endo at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μmol/L). Scratch test was used to detect changes in cell migration ability at diffe-rent drug concentrations, plate cloning was used to detect changes in cell proliferation, Western blotting was used to detect changes in the expression of Wnt pathway related protein β-catenin, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of β-catenin in cytoplasm and nucleus. Results:The results of the scratch test showed that the 24 h scratch healing rates of Huh7 cells treated with 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μmol/L IWR-1-endo were (20.55±0.05)%, (12.10±0.08)%, (9.36±0.10)%, (3.62±0.09)%, (0.62±0.04)% and (0.23±0.02)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=230.87, P<0.001). Further pair comparison showed that there were statistically significant differences in 24 h scratch healing rates among different concentrations (all P<0.001). The 48 h scratch healing rates were (34.77±0.08)%, (17.69±0.05)%, (11.60±0.04)%, (5.68±0.07)%, (2.66±0.04)% and (1.75±0.02)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=589.68, P<0.001). Further pair comparison showed that there were statistically significant differences in 48 h scratch healing rates among different concentrations (all P<0.001). After treatment with IWR-1-endo at the concentration of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μmol/L, the clone formation rates of Huh7 cells were (61.67±0.21)%, (57.33±0.11)%, (50.00±0.25)%, (36.67±0.28)%, (23.33±0.12)% and (15.00±0.08)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=403.56, P<0.001). Further pair comparison showed that there were statistically significant differences in clone formation rates among different concentrations (all P<0.001). After treatment with 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μmol/L IWR-1-endo for 24 h, the relative expression levels of β-catenin in Huh7 cells were 0.30±0.08, 0.25±0.07, 0.22±0.05, 0.15±0.01 and 0.06±0.02, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=247.00, P<0.001). Compared with 0 μmol/L, the relative expression levels of β-catenin treated with 80 and 160 μmol/L had statistical significance ( P=0.014; P=0.008). Compared with 0 mol/L, immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of β-catenin in cytoplasm and nucleus were reduced after 80 μmol/L IWR-1-endo treatment. Conclusion:Wnt pathway inhibitor IWR-1-endo can inhibit the migration and proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells Huh7 by inhibiting the activity of Wnt pathway. The above inhibitory effects are dose-dependent.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of the gene interfering technology on fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene silencing for lipid contents in human hepatic cell line HepG2 and to study the lipid metabolism related gene expression in HepG2 cells. Methods: A total of 3 pairs of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting different sequences of FAS mRNA were synthesized as FAS-siRNA-1, FAS-siRNA-2 and FAS-siRNA-3, meanwhile, 2 controls were established as Blank control group, in which HepG2 cells were not treated, and Negative control group, in which HepG2 cells were transfected by non-effective siRNA. The mRNA, and protein expression levels of FAS in HepG2 cells were examined by real-time lfuorescence quantitative RCR and Western blot analysis to screen the most effective pair of siRNA for FAS gene silencing; and that speciifc siRNA was transtected to HepG2 cells for 48 hours to detect the intra-/extra-cellular TG, TC levels and the mRNA expression related to lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. Results: The screening experiment indicated that FAS-siRNA-3 was most effective for FAS gene silencing. Compared with Blank control group, the mRNA and protein expressions in FAS-siRNA-3 transfected HepG2 cells (Transfected group)decreased to (52.33 ± 3.07) % and (51.57 ± 3.14) % respectively. Compared with Blank control group, Transfected group had the reduced intra-/extra-cellular TG levels and reduced extracellular TC level; while increased mRNA expression of hepatic lipase,P<0.0001 and decreased mRNA expression of TG transfer protein in HepG2 microsome,P<0.05. Conclusion: FAS gene silencing could signiifcantly decrease the intra-/extra- cellular TG level and extracellular TC level in HepG2 cells, those ifndings need to be conifrmed by furtherin vivo andin vitro studies.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection for critically ill ICU patients with tracheotomy,and investigate the methods to prevent nosocomial lung infection. Methods94 patients in ICU with pulmonary infection after tracheotomy from March 2008 to March 2010 were analyzed retrospectively,they were set as the observation group.100 patients in synchronization without pulmonary infection after tracheotomy were set as the control group.The general condition,diagnosis and treatment methods and care,the environment,etc.were studied,the risk factors for nosocomial pulmonary infections after tracheotomy were analyzed.The care methods and points to prevent lung infections for critically ill ICU patients after tracheotomy were summarized. ResultsThe study showed that the respiratory system diseases in critically ill patients,smoking history,low seniority of nursing staff,long-term use of large dose of antibiotics,application of H2 blockers and antacids,and many patients in the same ward were risk factors for critically ill patients with pulmonary infection. ConclusionsLung infection after tracheotomy in critically ill ICU patients was affected by many factors.In the actual operation,we should targeted to avoid infection led by treatment and care factors,environmental factors,control and prevention measures should especially be strengthened for patients with respiratory diseases to prevent lung infection.
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Limonin existed in citrus fruits has been shown to have anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-feedant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory activities and anti-carcinogenic activities. But the clinical use is limited by its low bioavailability. The aim of this study is to observe the absorption and secretion transport mechanisms of limonin in intestine which can pave the way for the further study and clinical use. The transport characteristics and mechanisms of limonin in rat were studied by in situ intestine perfusion and in vitro Caco-2 cells method. The intestinal absorption of limonin was probably via a facilitated diffusion pathway which was poor and without segment-selection. Verapamil and ketoconazole improved the absorption remarkably according to the result of in vitro Caco-2 cells study; however, probenecid had no significant effect on the absorption. The P-gp efflux and CYP3A4 metabolism were involved in the poor intestinal absorption and low bioavailability of limonin. The exploration of the intestinal absorption mechanism is crucial to the design of dosage form and clinical use of limonin.
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BACKGROUND: Homocysteine (HCY) has been verified as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis of cardiovascular disease.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of HCY on the secretion and activity of matrix metallopotinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).DESIGN : Auto-control observation.SETTING: Pathology Room, Institute of Regeneration Medical Sciences, Jilin University.MATERIALS: In vitro cultured vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) of rats were obtained from male Wistar rats with the body mass of about 150 g from weeks 4-6 supplied by Laboratory of Animals, Norman Bethune Medical Sciences Division, Jilin University.METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Pathology Room, Institute of Regeneration Medical Sciences, Jilin University from May 2001 to May 2003. VSMCs ofin vitro cultured rats were adopted and divided into 5 groups, 0(control group), 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L HCY were added, respectively for 48 hours. Effect of HCY on activity of MMP-1 was observed with zymography. The secretions of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 and their mRNA expressions were studied with Western blot and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chin (RT-PCR).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Activity of MMP-1, secretions of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 and their mRNA expressions.RESULTS: ①Secretions of MMP-1 and TIMP-1: The secretion of MMP-1 in the 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L HCY groups was lower significantly than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The secretion of TIMP-1 in the 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L HCY groups was higher than that in the control group (P＜ 0.05-0.01). ②The MMP-1 activity decreased with the increase of HCY, but reduced obviously in the 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L HCY groups (P ＜ 0.01). ③The expression of MMP-1 mRNA in the 4 HCY groups was lower markedly than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01). The expression of TIMP-1 mRNA in the 0.25 mmol/L HCY group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05), and it was higher remarkably in the 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L HCY groups than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: HCY can inhibit enzyme activity, decrease collagen degradation and induce collagen accumulation by inhibiting the secretion of MMP-1, which indicates that reduction of collagen degradation induced by HCY is one of the pathogenesies of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To explore the significance of using cytologic and RT-PCR methods to examine(peritoneal) washings and peritoneal tissues of gastric cancer patients in prediction of peritoneal micrometastasis.Methods The peritoneal washings of 38 patients with gastric cancer and 5 patients with benign gastric(lesions) were collected and,at the same time,a small amount of omentum and peritoneum were removed for control.CEAmRNA expression of free cells in peritoneal washings were detected by RT-PCR method and(also) cytology of the washings were performed.Results The CEAmRNA expression rate of peritoneal washings and peritoneal tissues were 36.8%(14/38) and 39.5%(15/38)respectively.Both were more(sensitive) than that of cytologic examination 26.3%(10/38).TNM staging,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,and serosal involvement were related to the expression rate of CEAmRNA.Conclusions mRNA of CEA is more sensitive and specific than cytologic examination for detecting free cancer cells in peritoneal cavity.It is an effective method for detecting peritoneal micrometastases in gastric cancer patient.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in rat mesangial cells and its relationship with extracellular matrix accumulation. METHODS: Rat mesangial cells were treated with AGE-modified bovine serum albumin or native bovine serum albumin. Normal mesangial cells without any treatments were used as control. Fibronectin (FN), collagen Ⅳ, PAI-1 protein contents were detected by ELISA. PAI-1 mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: AGEs (0-200 mg/L) did not influence mesangial cells proliferation, but stimulated FN , collagen IV and PAI-1 contents in mesangial cell cultured medium in different degrees. AGEs also increased PAI-1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: AGEs increase the expression of PAI-1 in rat mesangial cells. AGEs may reduce ECM degradation through increasing PAI-1 expression, which may be one of the mechanisms of ECM accumulation in diabetic nephropathy.
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The changes ot free radicals matebolism in liver of rat fed grains from a Keshan disease endemic area and the effects of selenium and vitamin E on those were studied. The endemic grains that were deficient in selenium caused markedly decrease in the glutathione peroxidase activity, and marked increase in the lipid peroxides content and the free radicals level of the rat livers. The diets that supplemented the endemic grains with either selenium (0.22 mg/kg diets) or DL-alpha-tocopherol (100 mg /kg diets) caused the falls in the lipid peroxides content and the free rdicaals level. There was a marked rise in the al pha-tocopherol content and reduced glutathione content in livers of rats fed grains from the endemic area, suggesting an increased reqiu-rement of vitamin E and production of glutathione in the selenium-defi-cient rats. The results indicate that a disorder of free radicals metaboli- sm is induced by the pathogenic factors existing in the grains cultiva-ted in a Keshan disease endemic area, and is reduced by supplementing the grains with sodium selenium or vitamin E, suggesting that relative lack of vitamin E may play an important role in the mechanism of Keshan disease onset.
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Water and salt requirements were studied in 17 and 18 healthy young men respectively. Each subject walked in a hot and humid environment (DB 28-34℃, RH 50-76%) at a speed of 5 km/hr with backpack loads of 15-25 kg for four hours. Dehydration would occur if no water or inadequate water was supplied and it would affect circulatory, sweating and thermore-gulatory function. It was suggested that MCHC= mightbeasensitive index to determine whether the body was dehydrated or not and to evaluate adequate amount of drinking water. The results showed that water loss should be replaced preferably by periodic intake of small amounts of water throughout the work period and the total amount required was about 80% of sweat loss. Thus, the rise of body temperature and heart rate was less than that of the subjects drinking 250 ml/hr of water or drinking voluntarily and there was little change in MCHC. The results also showed that the loss of salt by sweating was closely related to heat acclimatization. Therefore it is imporatnt to provide adequate salt to those unacclima-tized. Those taking 20 gm/day had a mild increase of rectal temperature and heart rate during work period and their urinary excretions of chloride were above 5 gm/day. According to the experiment, 20 gm/day of salt gave a satisfactory result.