RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on blood-brain barrier of focal cerebral ischemia rats, and explore the mechanism of the decoction. Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemia was made by thread embolism method. SD rats were divided randomly into sham-operated group, model group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group. Buyang Huanwu Decoction group was given Buyang Huanwu Decoction by gavage, the sham-operated group and model group were given normal saline of the same quantity 24 h after modeling. The nervous function deficit scores was evaluated, brain tissues and serum were taken from the rats after treating for seven days, infarct volume was detected by TTC staining, and pathological changes of microvessel were observed microscopically in HE stained sections. And the protein level of MMP-9, MMP-2, VEGF in brain tissue and the serum levels of vWF in serum of every groups were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with model group, Buyang Huanwu Decoction significantly improved the neurological behavior performance, decreased the cerebral infarct volume, alleviated the pathological changes and decreased the protein level of MMP-9, MMP-2, VEGF, vWF. Conclusion Buyang Huanwu Decoction has the protective effect on blood-brain barrier in the model rats of focal cerebral ischemia. The mechanism may be related with restrainning the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, VEGF, vWF.
RESUMO
Objective To detect the difference of cerebral gray matter change in children with different karyotype Turner Syndrome (TS) by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods Nineteen children with 45XO karyotype TS,21 children with heterozygous TS and 20 age-matched control girls were recruited in this study.Wechsler intelligence scale for children was used to obtain their intelligence quotients (IQ).High-resolution magnetic MR imaging was performed in TS children and control girls to collect the whole brain structural data.The data was analyzed by VBM based on SPM8 to compare the volume of gray matter among the monosomy TS children,heterozygous TS children and normal controls by using covariance analysis.Alphasim method in the software of analysis of functional neuroimages(AFNI) was used for clusterlevel multiple comparison.Results The IQ was 89 ± 16 for the monosomy TS children,and it was 91 ± 13 for heterozygous TS children and 109 ± 15 for the controls.Statistical analysis revealed significant difference of IQ among them (F =10.75,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with normal controls,both monosomy TS children and heterozygous TS children showed significantly decreased volume (voxel numbers in clusters were 4117,1392,1085,t =5.75,5.33 and 5.02 for monosomy TS; voxel numbers in clusters were 4501,2437,591,t =5.40,5.11 and 4.95 for heterozygous TS respectively,P ＜ 0.01,FWE-corrected) in the gray matter of bilateral precuneus lobule,postcentral gyrus,and cingulum cortex.However,the volume of the orbitofrontal lobe,parahippocampal gyrus,cerebellum,temporal pole,corpus striatum and posterior midbrain were increased in the monosomy and heterozygous TS children compared to the controls (voxel numbers in clusters were 1444,1188,791,725,695,431,386,t =5.01,5.96,5.67,5.23,4.85,4.43,4.94 for monosomy TS; voxel numbers in clusters were 6988,2709,2510,2380,1987,1709,1185,t =6.50,7.06,7.26,5.27,5.71,6.02,4.56 for heterozygous TS,P ＜ 0.01,FWE-corrected).Compared with monosomy TS,heterozygous TS showed increased gray matter volume in the left parahippocampal gyrus and corpus striatum (voxel numbers were 1014 and 496,t =4.75,4.53,P ＜0.01,FWE-eorreeted),while they had decreased gray matter volume in the right supramarginal gyrus (voxel number was 350,t =4.28,P ＜ 0.01,FWE-corrected).Conclusions Both monosomy and heterozygous TS show brain atrophy in the parietooccipital lobe,indicating similar abnormality of gray matter development.However,heterozygous TS shows more increased gray matter volume in the prefrontal lobes and the cerebellum than monosomy TS,which may be the compensatory mechanism in this condition.
RESUMO
Objective To explore the mutation in corel β3-galactosyl-transferase specific molecular chaperone(Cosmc、no-coding region and it's effects on the transcription level of Cosmc in Tn antigen positive tumor cells.Methods The Tn antigen positive(Tn+)and negative(Tn-)cells were separated from tumor tissues by immune magnetic bead,then the genomic DNA(gDNA),total RNA were prepared by Qiagen AllPrep DNA/RNA mini kit. In these cells.the transcription levels of T-synthase and Cosmc mRNA were tested by RT-PCR.the DNA of Cosmc non-coding region was amplified by PCR,the mutation in Cosmc non-coding region were further detected by sequencing.Results There are no mutation appearing in Tn-cells,one or more mosaic sequence allele appearing in portion of patient's Tn-cells.Almost of the Tn+cells which separated from tumor tissues and Jurkat T cell exists mutation.but the mutation style and mutation point were not saine in different tumor.Thtee patient's Tn+cells have loss of hetemzygosity(LOH),four patient's Tn+cells and Jurkat T cell have point mutation.Although no difference of transcription level of T-synthase mRNA in Tn+ and Tn-cells.but the transcription level of Cosmc mRNA in Tn+ cell was much lower than that in Tn-cell.The ratio of T-synthase/Cosmc mRNA in Tn+ tumor cells was hiigher than that in Tn-cell.Conclusion The tumor Tn antigen arise from mutation in Cosmc non-coding region maybe result from transcription level decreased of Cosmc mRNA.
RESUMO
Objective Using gradient-echo sampling of spin-echo (GESSE) sequence to study the change of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in patients with unilateral cerebral vessel stenosis and the relationship between OEF and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods Eight normal volunteers and 16 patients with unilateral cerebral vessel stenosis were enrolled in this study. Written informed consents were obtained from all subjects. Routine MRI, GESSE and arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequences were performed for all patients. Raw data from GESSE and VE-ASL sequences were transferred to PC to conduct postprocessing. To obtain quantitative OEF and CBF of the brain parenchyma, 6 ROIs were placed respectively in the anterior, middle and posterior part of both hemispheres. The relative CBF (rCBF) was defined as the ratio of CBF of ischemic hemisphere to that of contralateral hemisphere. T test was used for statistics. Results The mean value and normal range of OEF in the volunteers were 0. 318 ± 0. 023 and 0. 272-0. 364, respectively. In the 16 patients with unilateral cerebral vessel stenosis, 8 patients had ROIs with greater OEF in unilateral hemisphere than those in contralateral hemisphere. These cases presented multiple intracranial main arterial stenoses in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or MR angiography (MRA) examination. The other 8 patients had normal OEF in all ROIs. And they only had single arterial stenosis in DSA or MRA. Set rCBF = 0. 50 as a dividing point, the mean OEF value was 0. 397 ±0. 010 in the patients with rCBF ＜ 0. 50. In the patients with rCBF ≥ 0. 5, the mean OEF value was 0. 325 ±0. 028. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t = - 8. 840, P = 0. 000).Conclusion Patients with chronic cerebral ischemia may present with various hemodynamic impairment.The more CBF decreases, the more OEF increases. Those with increased OEF tended to have more than one lesion in the major intracranial arteries.
RESUMO
acts was much lower than that in Tn-cell.Conclusion The expression of Tn,STn,T and ST antigen in gastric carcinoma tissues of different TNM stages is different.Tn antigen expression in tumor cells may be caused by the decrease of T-Synthase activity.
RESUMO
Objective:To explore the effects of brain ischemia on the immune system and the expression of Acetyl-cholinesterase(AChE) and Caspase-3 after neuro-immunological injury.Methods:The serum IL-4,IL-10,TNF-?,IL-2 and IL-12 concentrations and AChE level in brain,thymus and spleen of the rat brain ischemia at different time spots were detected by ELISA.The active fragments of Caspase-3 P17 and P32 in brain,thymus and spleen were tested by Western blot.The expression of AChE in nerve cells was examined immunohistochemistry.The relationship between amount of AChE and concentrations of the cytokines or NK activity as well as cell apoptosis was analyzed.Results:The concentration of AChE in brain increased gradually after ischemia,the level reached peak after 12 hours,and then decreased afterward.The AChE level in thymus and spleen increased after 1 h in accordance with the ischemic brain.The NK activity,serum TNF-?,IL-2 and IL-12 levels also increased at 0.5 h,1 h and 2 h after ischemia,but the trend reversed after 3 hours.Serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels did not change significantly at 0.5 h,1 h and 2 h after ischemia,but serum IL-10 raised after 3 hours to 48 hours.Serum IL-4 level slightly increased only appearing at ischemia 12 h point.The ratio of P17/(P17+P32) became higher with ischemic time.Conclusion:Sustained rising of AChE level due to brain ischemia induces the apoptosis of cells in the brain,thymus and spleen via activation caspase-3,leading to Th1/Th2 imbalance and immune dysfunctions.