Doxorubicin-loaded bacterial outer-membrane vesicles exert enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer

More efficient drug delivery system and formulation with less adverse effects are needed for the clinical application of broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Here we obtained outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs), a nano-sized proteoliposomes naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria, from attenuated and prepared doxorubicin-loaded O0MVs (DOX-OMV). Confocal microscopy and distribution study observed that DOX encapsulated in OMVs was efficiently transported into NSCLC A549 cells. DOX-OMV resulted in intensive cytotoxic effects and cell apoptosis as evident from MTT assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry due to the rapid cellular uptake of DOX. In A549 tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice, DOX-OMV presented a substantial tumor growth inhibition with favorable tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile, and TUNEL assay and H&E staining displayed extensive apoptotic cells and necrosis in tumor tissues. More importantly, OMVs' appropriate immunogenicity enabled the recruitment of macrophages in tumor microenvironment which might synergize with their cargo DOX . Our results suggest that OMVs can not only function as biological nanocarriers for chemotherapeutic agents but also elicit suitable immune responses, thus having a great potential for the tumor chemoimmunotherapy.

Establishment of general-special integrated prevention and treatment model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in community and its preliminary effect / 中华全科医师杂志

A "general-special integrated" prevention and treatment model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the community was preliminarily established with the joint effets of specialists from the terital hospital and general practitioners in the community health service center.During the implementation of the model the general practitioners recieved research training and participanted in the research project of COPD management;and the "general-special integrated" outpatient clinic greatly improved the management for COPD patients.Since the establishment of the model,the number of acute attacks of COPD patients was decreased,and the proportion of standardized medication was increased.The model also improved the research ability and clinical competency of general practitioners.The established model provides experiences for the tiered-management for COPD patients in the community.