Prevalence and influencing factors of obesity among people aged 40 years and over in Taizhou / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of obesity and its influencing factors among residents aged 40 years and over in Taizhou,so as to provide reference for obesity prevention and control. @* Methods@#From June 2014 to May 2015,people who were aged 40 years or above and received routine physical examination in six centers for disease control and prevention in Taizhou were recruited. Demographic characteristics and health relates behaviors were collected by a questionnaire survey;height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference were collected by physical examination. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for overall obesity and central obesity.@*Results @#Totally 1 216 people were investigated,and 1 192 (98.03%) questionnaires were valid. The age of them ranged from 40 to 86 years old,with （51.92±8.91） years old on average. There were 547 males （45.89%） and 645 females （54.11%）. The prevalence rates of overall obesity and central obesity were 6.54% and 60.32%,respectively. The Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that regular physical exercise （OR=0.597, 95%CI： 0.359-0.992） was a protective factor for overall obesity;female （OR=2.352,95%CI： 1.685-3.283）was a risk factor of central obesity;public servants or staff from enterprise and institution（OR=0.508, 95%CI： 0.289-0.892）,drinking （OR=0.637,95%CI：0.471-0.860）,salt intake of less than five grams per day （OR=0.590,95%CI：0.434-0.802）and regular physical exercise （OR=0.760,95%CI：0.583-0.991） were protective factors for central obesity. @*Conclusion @#The prevalence rates of overall obesity and central obesity among residents aged 40 years or above in Taizhou were 6.54% and 60.32%, respectively. Gender,occupation,drinking,salt intake and physical exercise were the influencing factors for obesity.

Gender specific association between body composition and early puberty among adolescent / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between the content and distribution of body fat and early puberty among children and adolescents, and to provide a basis for the study of the mechanism of early puberty.@*Methods@#The questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among the students from 2 primary schools with girlsof 3 rd-4 th grade and boys of 4 th-5 th grade and boys and girls in 7 th-8 th grade from 2 middle schools with by purposive sampling in Beijing in early January 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the general information of samples. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the effects of body composition on the early puberty.@*Results@#A total of 1 527 students were included, of which 177 were early puberty and the prevalence of early puberty was 11.6%. The prevalence was 12.2% for girls and 11.0% for boys. The average value of the three skinfold thicknesses of the participants was 15.2±4.8 mm (triceps skinfold), 13.4±6.3 mm (subscapular skinfold), 14.6±6.6 mm (suprailiac skinfold), the average value of the body fat was 22.2 ± 6.2 kg, and the average value of the total fat weight was 11.2 ± 6.2 kg. After adjusting for age, single-child, family economic level and parental education level, multivariate logistic regression showed that girls with high triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and suprailiac skinfold were more likely to be early puberty (for triceps skinfold: OR=2.03, 95%CI=1.26-3.27; for subscapular skinfold: OR=2.14, 95%CI=1.32-3.46; for suprailiac skinfold: OR=2.05, 95%CI=1.26-3.31). Body fat content and total fat weight were also the risk factor of early puberty in girls (for body fat content: OR=1.88, 95%CI=1.17-3.02; for total fat weight: OR=2.08, 95%CI=1.31-3.32). For boys, only high subscapular skinfold increased the risk of early puberty(OR=1.90, 95%CI=1.16-3.10).@*Conclusion@#Body fat content and body fat distribution were positive associated with early puberty in children and adolescents, and there are significant gender differences.

The relationship between human papillomavirus and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta analysis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>OBJECTIVE To examine survival differences in prognosis and survival between patients with HPV-positive and those with HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pubmed, Embase, Web of science and Medline databases were searched from their inception till June 2014. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool study estimates evaluating overall (all-cause mortality), disease-specific (death from OPSCC), disease-free (recurrence free), progression-free survival outcomes and local regional control rate in HPV-positive vs HPV-negative OPSCC. After study selection, two reviewers assessed and extracted data independently. Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 11.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-seven studies were included. HPV-positive OPSCC patients had a better overall survival compared to HPV-negative patients (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.32-0.46). HPV-positive OPSCC patients had a significantly lower disease specific mortality (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.22-0.39) and were less likely to experience progression or recurrence of their cancers than HPV-negative patients (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.25-0.42). Both disease-free survival and progression-free survival were significantly improved in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC ( HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.29-0.47 and HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29-0.63, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HPV infection is an important prognostic factor of OPSCC. Stratified therapies can be applied in OPSCC based on HPV status of tumours.</p>

Current research problems of chronic arsenicosis in China.

Chronic arsenicosis is a newly-emerged public-health issue in China and many other Asian countries. Over 200 million people are estimated to be at the risk of high arsenic exposure from drinking-water in the Asian region. To protect people from the hazards of chronic arsenic poisoning, the Chinese Government has been providing low-arsenic drinking-water to some seriously-affected rural areas, such as Inner Mongolia autonomous province. Results of follow-up studies showed that both the average values of arsenic, including inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylated arsenic, dimethylated arsenic and trimethylated arsenic, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine in urine, decreased significantly after drinking low-arsenic water for one year, and arsenic-specific skin lesions also improved to some extent. However, a five-year follow-up study showed no more significant improvement of skin lesions, while the potential risk of arsenic-induced cancers after cutting off high-arsenic exposure was still uncertain and indefinite. The susceptibility of children compared to adults to chronic arsenic exposure and the need to re-evaluate the appropriate standard of arsenic in drinking-water were also discussed in this paper.