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Objective:To observe the effects of sparrow-pecking moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4)on the writhing reaction and score,the temperature and blood flow perfusion of moxibustion point area and uterus,the serum levels of arginine vasopressin(AVP),prostaglandin(PG)F2α,and thromboxane(TX)B2 in rats with primary dysmenorrhea(PD)due to cold-dampness stagnation,and to explore the possible mechanism of sparrow-pecking moxibustion in treating PD.Methods:Thirty-two healthy non-pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,an ibuprofen group,and a sparrow-pecking moxibustion group,with 8 rats in each group.Except for the normal group,the other three groups were subjected to modeling with cold water bath combined with estradiol benzoate and oxytocin injection.Rats in the sparrow-pecking moxibustion group were treated with sparrow-pecking moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4)on the 8th day of modeling,30 min/time,once a day for 3 d;those in the ibuprofen group were treated with 0.8 mL ibuprofen solution(a specification of 125 mg in 10 mL)on the 8th day of modeling,once a day for 3 d;those in the normal group and the model group were given 0.8 mL normal saline,once a day for 3 d.On the 11th day,rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with oxytocin(2 U/rat),and the writhing incubation period and writhing score in 20 min were observed;the temperature and the blood perfusion of Shenque(CV8),Guanyuan(CV4),and uterus in vivo were detected;the serum levels of AVP,PGF2α,and TXB2 were determined.Results:The writhing incubation period was significantly longer(P<0.01)and the writhing score was significantly lower(P<0.01)in the sparrow-pecking moxibustion group and the ibuprofen group than in the model group;compared with the ibuprofen group,the writhing incubation period was prolonged(P<0.01)and the writhing score was decreased(P<0.01)in the sparrow-pecking moxibustion group;compared with the normal group,the temperature and the blood perfusion of Shenque(CV8),Guanyuan(CV4),and uterus were significantly decreased,while the serum PGF2α,AVP,and TXB2 levels were significantly increased(P<0.01)in the model group;compared with the model group,the temperature and the blood perfusion of Shenque(CV8),Guanyuan(CV4),and uterus were significantly increased,and the serum levels of PGF2α,AVP,and TXB2 were significantly decreased in the ibuprofen group and the sparrow-pecking moxibustion group(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with the ibuprofen group,the temperature and the blood perfusion of Shenque(CV8),Guanyuan(CV4),and uterus were significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum AVP and TXB2 levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the serum PGF2α level had no statistical difference in the sparrow-pecking moxibustion group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Sparrow-pecking moxibustion had a remarkable analgesic effect on the rats with PD due to cold-dampness stagnation,and the mechanism may be related to the increased temperature and blood perfusion of the moxibustion point area and uterus,as well as the decreased serum PGF2α,AVP,and TXB2 levels.
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Objective: To observe the effects of ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4) on the expression levels of endocrine-related molecules and their receptors in rats with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) due to cold-dampness stagnation, thus to explore their analgesic mechanisms. Methods: Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a ginger-partitioned moxibustion group, and a Western medicine group according to the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. Except for rats in the normal group, all other rats were treated with oxytocin combined with ice-water bath to establish the rat models of PD due to cold-dampness stagnation. After successful modeling, rats in the normal group and the model group did not receive treatment; rats in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group received treatments with ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4); rats in the Western medicine group received ibuprofen by intragastric administration. The writhing response of rats was compared among groups, and the serum levels of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), estrogen (estradiol, E2), progesterone (P), and the mRNA expression of PGF2α and E2 receptors in the uterine tissues were detected. Results: No writhing behavior was observed in the normal group; compared with the normal group, the serum PGF2α and E2 levels in the model group were increased (P<0.01), while the P level was decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of the uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the writhing behavior latency was prolonged, and the writhing response score was decreased in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group (P<0.01); the serum PGF2α and E2 levels in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group were decreased, while the P level was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the mRNA expression levels of the uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Western medicine group, the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group showed a prolonged writhing behavior latency, reduced writhing response score (P<0.05), and decreased serum E2 level (P<0.05), while no statistical differences in the serum PGF2α and P levels, or the mRNA expression levels of uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors (P>0.05).Conclusion: The analgesic effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion on PD due to cold-dampness stagnation may be related to regulating the mRNA expression levels of PGF2α and E2 receptors in the uterine tissues.
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The integrated curriculums of basic medicine in Shanxi Medical University are as follows: nine basic medical courses were integrated into 10 medical modules, with additional training including PBL and TBL case discussion, clinical clerkship, flipped classroom and other non-integrated subjects etc. In order to assess the interest of students for integrated curriculum, their intrinsic motivation, as well as their comprehension and application of medical knowledge, we gave anonymous questionnaire to 149 students, 16 teachers in basic medicine, and 10 teachers in clinical medicine. Results showed that more than 90% students were willing to take the integrated curriculum and participate in PBL and TBL case discussion, and students who were unwilling to take the curriculum were less than 10%, they thought that the knowledge of new curriculum system was incoherent. The proportion of students from higher grade who were unwilling to participate in the flipped classroom was increased from 6.7% to 95.0%. Most of the teachers both in basic and clinic medicine believed that new curriculum system was helpful for students to comprehend basic medical knowledge and strengthen their discriminating ability, but did not function in improving students' practical ability. In the further reform on teaching, details like the coherence of knowledge and the content selected when self-studying should be improved.
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The integrated curriculums of basic medicine in Shanxi Medical University are as follows:nine basic medical courses were integrated into 10 medical modules,with additional training including PBL and TBL case discussion,clinical clerkship,flipped classroom and other non-integrated subjects etc.In order to assess the interest of students for integrated curriculum,their intrinsic motivation,as well as their comprehension and application of medical knowledge,we gave anonymous questionnaire to 149 students,16 teachers in basic medicine,and 10 teachers in clinical medicine.Results showed that more than 90％ students were willing to take the integrated curriculum and participate in PBL and TBL case discussion,and students who were unwilling to take the curriculum were less than 10％,they thought that the knowledge of new curriculum system was incoherent.The proportion of students from higher grade who were unwilling to participate in the flipped classroom was increased from 6.7％ to 95.0％.Most of the teachers both in basic and clinic medicine believed that new curriculum system was helpful for students to comprehend basic medical knowledge and strengthen their discriminating ability,but did not function in improving students' practical ability.In the further reform on teaching,details like the coherence of knowledge and the content selected when self-studying should be improved.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects of acupuncture, electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion on functional constipation in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group (=8), a model group (=11), a medication group (=8), an acupuncture group (=11), an EA group (=11) and a moxibustion group (=11) by random number table. The rats in the model group, medication group, acupuncture group, EA group and moxibustion group were treated with intragastric administration of loperamide hydrochloride for 6 days continuously to establish the functional constipation models, while equal volume of drinking water was administrated to rats in the control group at the same time. The rats in the acupuncture group, EA group and moxibustion group were respectively treated with acupuncture, EA and moxibustion at "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST 37) one hour after intragastric administration; rats in the medication group were treated with intragastric administration of cisapride suspension. All the treatment was given once a day for 6 days. At the last day of intervention, the 24-hour food intake, stool quantity and its water content were measured in each group; the pushing rate of intestine was measured; the structure of colon tissue and acidic mucus in its mucous layer were observed by hematoxylin-eosin dyeing and alcian blue dyeing; the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the 24-hour food intake and stool quantity were reduced in the model group (both<0.01), and the water content of stool and pushing rate of intestine were reduced (both<0.01); compared with the model group, the stool quantity and its water content were increased in the medication group, acupuncture group, EA group (<0.05,<0.01), which were not significantly different from those in the moxibustion group (both>0.05). The pushing rate of intestine in each intervention group was increased (all<0.01). The 24-hour food intake and stool quantity in the medication group were not significantly different from those in the acupuncture group, EA group and moxibustion group (all>0.05), and the water content of stool was only reduced in the moxibustion group (<0.01). The pushing rate of intestine in the acupuncture group and moxibustion group was lower than that in the medication group (both<0.01), while that in the EA group was not significantly different from that in the medication group (>0.05). The water content of stool in the moxibustion group was lower than that in the acupuncture group and EA group (both<0.01). The pushing rate of intestine in the acupuncture group and moxibustion group was lower than that in the EA group (both<0.01). The HE staining result indicated the structure of colon tissue was normal, complete and similar in each group; the alcian blue staining indicated the acidic mucosubstance in the model group was lower than that in the control group; compared with the model group, the acidic mucosubstance in the medication group, acupuncture group, EA group and moxibustion group was all increased. Compared with the control group, the expression of SCF and c-kit mRNA was reduced in the model group (both<0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of SCF and c-kit mRNA was increased in the medication group, acupuncture group, EA group and moxibustion group (all<0.05); compared with the moxibustion group, the expression of c-kit mRNA was reduced in the acupuncture group and EA group (both<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acupuncture, EA and moxibustion all can play a positive regulative role on functional constipation in rats, in which EA has the best efficacy, followed by acupuncture.</p>
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Aim To investigate the effects of midazolam on porcine isolated coronary artery rings pre-contracted by potassium chloride(KCl)and the possible mechanism.Methods The vessel tension recorder system was used.Isotonic tension of porcine isolated coronary artery rings precontracted by KCl(30 mmol·L-1)was recorded.The vasorelaxing action of midazolam and effects of various drugs were observed in the rings.Results Midazolam(3×10-6～1×10-4 mol·L-1)respectively concentration-dependently reduced the contraction induced by KCl,and there was significant difference between the rings with intact and denude endothelium(P<0.05).On KCl-induced precontraction,midazolam′s relaxation was depressed by L-NAME and the blend of L-NAME and L-Arg(P<0.05),but was not affected by Indo,L-Arg and 1400W.The contraction was not prevented by pretreatment with the inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger(KB-R7943).The inhibitor of KATP(Gli)restrained the diastolic function of midazolam(P<0.05),while the inhibitor of BKCa(TEA),Kir(BaCl2),KV(4-AP)had no obvious effect.Conclusions Midazolam produces remarkable vasodilatation on KCl pre-contracted porcine isolated coronary artery rings.Its relaxtion effect is via concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent mechanisms and relevant to the production of NO.Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is not involved midazolam′s vasodilatation on KCl pre-contracted porcine coronary artery rings.The relaxant mechanism of midazolam may be concerned with KATP.The Kir,BKCa and KV may be not involved.
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In order to explore the effect of flipped classroom in theoretical teaching of biochemistry,lipids metabolism was selected to carry out four stages flipped classroom.The teaching effect of flipped classroom was evaluated by test and questionnaire survey of students.The results indicated that most undergraduate students could accept novel teaching method.However,the consciousness and the ability of students' independent learning need to be further improved.It also takes time for the students to adapt to the transition from traditional teaching to flipped c1assroom.In summary,the specificity of Biochemistry may limit the carrying out of flipped classroom to some extent.Therefore,which kind of teaching method is adopted depends on the biochemistry theoretical content.Our work may provide some references for further application of flipped classroom in biochemistry teaching.
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Aim To explore the effects of chrysin on endothelial dysfunction induced by acute high glucose.Methods ① The effects of chrysin on normal isolated aortic at contraction induced by PE and on endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose were tested in the following medium: normal group,chrysin group;normal-glucose group: glucose 11mmol·L-1 in Krebs' solution;high-glucose group: glucose 44 mmol·L-1 in Krebs' solution;mannitol group: mannitol 33 mmol·L-1 in Krebs' solution and chrysin group: 44 mmol·L-1 Glu+chrysin 1.0 μmol·L-1 in Krebs' solution.② The effects of chrysin on HUVEC cell viability after incubated in high glucose were observed in the following groups: normal-glucose group: glucose 5.5 mmol·L-1 in culture solution;high-glucose group: glucose 33.3 mmol·L-1 in culture solution;mannitol group: mannitol 27.8 mmol·L-1 in culture solution and chrysin group: chrysin(25,50 μmol·L-1)in culture solution.And the NO release was also testd in these groups.Results ① Chrysin could induce vaso-dilation in a dose-dependent manner at normal glucose.The Emax was(58.94±9.61)％,and the EC50 value was 51.9 μmol·L-1.After incubating the aortic rings with high glucose(44 mmol·L-1)for 4 h,there were significant differences in ACh-induced vascular relaxation between the normal glucose group and the high glucose group.The Emax was(32.12±3.92)％and the EC50 value was 78.0 μmol·L-1 of high glucose group(P<0.01).The endothelium-independent relaxation induced by SNP was not significantly different between the two groups.And chrysin(1.0 μmol·L-1)could reverse the decline of ACh-induced vasorelaxation response induced by high glucose(44 mmol·L-1).The Emax was(70.7±3.87)％and the EC50 value was 0.852 μmol·L-1.② The cell viability of HUVEC was depressed after incubated in high glucose,and chrysin could reverse the decline in a concentration-dependent way.And chrysin in defferent concentrations could increase the cell NO release.Conclusion Chrysin could prevent the acute high glucose-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and could increase the NO release.
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There have been many reports of clinical and experimental researches of microacupuncture therapy, the relevant systematic works, teaching materials and national standards in recent decades. It shows that microacupuncture system has been formed and its influence has been promoted. While the rapid development of microacupuncture therapy, there are the problems and contradictions on nomenclature, explanation of theoretical basis, optimal indications, and multiple systems and schools, etc. All the above have blocked the clinical application and development. It is considered that we need to unify the nomenclature, condense the theoretical basis, clear the optimal indications, promote the exchange and blend among different schools and sum up the outcomes by systematic review and data mining technique.
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Humanos , Terapia por Acupuntura , Métodos , AgulhasRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the diseases and effects of the manipulations to promoteby filiform needles, with the help of data mining technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literature about different manipulations to promoteby filiform needles in recent 60 years was collected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). Then databases were established to mine the relativities among the diseases, subjects, acupoints selection law,routes and directions of meridianand effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>①Total 489 articles were included. The basic manipulations with the frequency of 630 were on the top. The auxiliary and four methods ofrespectively appeared 70 times. The diseases in the internal medicine were treated with the basic and auxiliary methods of the higher frequencies, 311 and 44 times separately. While the four methods ofwere mostly used in the surgical area, 37 timestotally. ②The diseases treated from high to low by lifting, thrusting and twirling represented retention of urine, sequelae of stroke, pain in waist and lower limbs, of which the effect for retention of urine was better than those of the other two, and the lifting and thrusting method was superior to twirling. ③As for the auxiliary methods, 25 times were found about vibration needling; 18 times, twisting. The highest frequency of 6 times for the vibration needling was on the sequelae of stroke; while 4 times for the twisting, stranguria. ④As to the four methods of,was most frequently applied, and its highest frequency of 18 was onsyndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Manipulations to promoteby filiform needles are crucial to achieving the effects of acupuncture. The basic methods are widely used in clinic and have been seen good efficacy. While the auxiliary means assist to promoteto stimulate the body,among which the four methods ofare mainly to smooth the meridians and driveof patients with surgical diseases and take meridian blocking the priority.</p>
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Combining with the data based on data mining,to collect the clinical experimental research ralating to thermal moxibustion from June 2010 to March 2015, and extract the representative clinical experimental research of clinical diseases. To summarize advances in clinic study of Thermal Moxibustion in recent five years.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of the sera from the rats after limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).METHODS:The HUVECs were divided into 5 groups:the cells in control group were cultured without any intervention;the cells in model group (M) were damaged by 1 mmol/L H2O2 for 2 h;the cells in early preconditioning serum (EPS) group, delayed pre-conditioning serum (DPS) group or sham limb ischemic preconditioning serum (SPS) group were treated with the corre-sponding serum at 5%for 12 h, respectively , and then treaed with H 2 O2 for 2 h.The viability of the HUVECs was ana-lyzed by flow cytometry .The lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) in the culture media was detected .The cell adhesion molecules in the HUVECs were detected by real-time PCR.The mRNA and protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also determined .RESULTS:The viability of HUVECs incubated with 1 mmol/L H2 O2 for 2 h significantly decreased compared with the control cells , which was accompanied with the augmentations of LDH in the medium and the cell adhesion mole -cules in cells , such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) . Preincubation with EPS and DPS derived from the rats subjected LIPC attenuated these injuries .Furthermore, pretreatment with EPS and DPS increased the expression of HO-1 at mRNA and protein levels .CONCLUSION:LIPC protects the HU-VECs from H2O2-induced injury.
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AIM: To determine the effect of endogenous histamine on transient forebrain ischemia-induced neuronal injury at the late phase of reperfusion using histidine decarboxylase knockout ( HDC-KO) mice.METHODS:Wild-type (WT) and HDC-KO mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 3 d or 15 d of reperfusion.At different time points after reperfusion, the body weight, mortality rate, learning and memory in fear conditioning test and hippocampal CA 1 neuronal density were evaluated .RESULTS: At 1 d after reperfusion , the body weight loss was observed in both WT and HDC-KO mice.At 4 d, 5 d, 6 d and 7 d after reperfusion, the increment in the body weight of the HDC-KO mice was significantly smaller than that of the WT mice .During the period between 8 d and 14 d after reperfusion, the mortality rate of the HDC-KO mice was higher than that of the WT mice (P<0.05).At 14 d after reperfusion , the HDC-KO mice exhibited more aggravated deficits in contextual and cue memory compared with the WT mice.Correspondingly , a more severe CA1 neuronal injury in the HDC-KO mice than that in the WT mice was ob-served at 15 d but not at 3 d after reperfusion (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Endogenous histamine may attenuate learn-ing/memory deficits and neuronal injury at the late phase of ischemia /reperfusion.However, the involved mechanisms need to be further investigated .
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Aim This paper aims at investigating the effect of dofetilide on Na+/Ca 2+exchange in ventricular myocytes of adult guinea pigs. Methods Rapid enzymatic isolation procedure was performed to get single ventricular myocytes from adult guinea pigs. After the whole cell configuration was formed, a ramp voltage-clamp pulse depolarized from a holding potential of -40 mV to +60 mV, then hyperpolarized to -120 mV at a rate of 90 mV/s to record the Na+/Ca 2+ exchange current (I Na/Ca) and the influence of dofetilide from 0.03～1.0 ?mol?L -1. Result Dofetilide from 0.03～1.0 ?mol?L -1 concentration-dependently increased the I Na/Ca in both outward and inward mode. The EC 50 of dofetilide on I Na/Ca in outward and inward mode of NCE was 0.178 ?mol?L -1 (95% confidence interval was 0.040～0.787 ?mol?L -1) and 0.178 ?mol?L -1 (95% confidence interval was 0.038～0.842 ?mol?L -1), respectively. Conclusion Dofetilide concentration-dependently increased the outward and inward Na+/Ca 2+ exchange current in ventricular myocytes of adult guinea pigs.
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AIM To study the calcium antagonistic effects of Magnesium salicylate in central nervous system. MTEHODS Using calcium sensitive fluorescence indicator Fura-2 technique. RESULTS Resting [Ca 2+ ] i in brain cells under different extracellular calcium concentration(0,0 01,0 1,1 0,1 3 mmol?L -1 )were 41?5,59?6,84 7?2 5,104?7,(126?5)nmol?L -1 respectively( n =8～47).MgS 0 2 mmol?L -1 had no significant effects on resting [Ca 2+ ] i.At the same time, MgS (0 05～0 4 mmol?L -1 ) concentration dependently inhibited the [Ca 2+ ] i elevation induced by high extracellular potassium or L -glutamate in the presence of extracellular [Ca 2+ ] i 1 3 mmol?L -1 . The IC 50 values were 0 323 mmol?L -1 (95% CI 0 122～0 854 mmol?L -1 ) and 0 124 mmol?L -1 (95% CI 0 073～0 210 mmol?L -1 ) separately. CONCLUSION MgS possesses inhibitory effects on voltage-activated calcium channel and receptor-operated calcium chanel in CNS.
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Aim This study aimed at investigating the postconditioning protective effect of KB-R7943 and the proper administration time on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Methods Rat heart was isolated quickly when the animal was anesthetized. With Langendorff perfusion, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min, then released for 120 min in isolated rat heart. Left ventricular function (LVF) and the infarct size of left ventricle were determined. Result Compared with control, KB-R7943 at 1 ?mol?L-1 perfused during the early period of the reperfusion prevented the post-ischemic depression of LVF, decreased the infarct size by 77 %(P