Ligustroflavone mediates the resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to osimertinib by arresting G1/S phase / 药学学报

Natural products are an important source for the development of antitumor lead compounds, but the pharmacological effects and regulatory mechanisms of natural products in osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. The natural product ligustroflavone was used as the research object to analyze its efficacy in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle detection. The potential targets of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells were screened by public databases and bioinformatics, molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis were used to identify the interaction between privet and target molecules. Western blot was used to detect the effect of privet on the target molecules and their downstream pathways. Ligustroflavone reduced the proliferation of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells, and could arrest the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was the potential target of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Ligustroflavone inhibited the activation of CDK6-Rb axis. Together, ligustroflavone could regulate osimertinib resistance in NSCLC cells by binding cell cyclin-related molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the targeted drug resistance of NSCLC with natural products, and also provides a new idea for the development of clinical drug combination.

Hypoglycemic effect of electroacupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) combined with metformin on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on AMPK / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the hypoglycemic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Tianshu" (ST 25) combined with metformin on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as its effect on expression of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) in liver and pancreas.@*METHODS@#Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (6 rats) and a model establishing group (30 rats). The rats in the model establishing group were fed with high-fat diet and treated with intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) to establish T2DM model. The rats with successful model establishment were randomly divided into a model group, a control group, a metformin group, an EA group and a combination group, 6 rats in each group. The rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Tianshu" (ST 25), dense-disperse wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz in frequency and 2 mA in current intensity, 20 min each time. The rats in the metformin group were treated with intragastric administration of metformin (190 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (2 mL/kg). The rats in the combination group were treated with EA at "Tianshu" (ST 25) and intragastric administration of metformin. The rats in the control group were treated with intragastric administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution with the same dose. All the treatments were given once a day for 5 weeks. After the intervention, the body mass and random blood glucose were detected; the serum insulin level was detected by ELISA; the expression of AMPK and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in liver and pancreas was detected by Western blot method; the expression of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) was detected by immunofluorescence.@*RESULTS@#①Compared with the blank group, the body mass in the model group was decreased (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the body mass in the EA group and the combination group was decreased (P<0.05); the body mass in the EA group and the combination group was lower than the metformin group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the random blood glucose in the model group was increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the random blood glucose in the metformin group, the EA group and the combination group was decreased (P<0.01). The random blood glucose in the combination group was lower than the metformin group and the EA group (P<0.05). ②Compared with the blank group, the insulin level in the model group was decreased (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the insulin level in the metformin group, the EA group and the combination group was all increased (P<0.05). The insulin level in the combination group was higher than the metformin group and the EA group (P<0.05). ③Compared with the blank group, the protein expression of AMPK and p-AMPK in liver tissue was decreased (P<0.05), and the protein expression of AMPK and p-AMPK in pancreatic tissue was increased (P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the protein expression of AMPK and p-AMPK in liver tissue in the metformin group, the EA group and the combination group was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the protein expression of AMPK in pancreatic tissue in the metformin group was increased (P<0.05); the protein expression of AMPK in pancreatic tissue in the EA group and the combination group was decreased (P<0.05); the protein expression of p-AMPK in pancreatic tissue in the metformin group, the EA group and the combination group was decreased (P<0.05). The protein expression of AMPK and p-AMPK in liver tissue in the combination group was higher than that in the metformin group and the EA group (P<0.05); the protein expression of AMPK in pancreatic tissue in the EA group and the combination group was less than that in the metformin group (P<0.05), and the expression of p-AMPK protein in pancreatic tissue in the combination group was less than that in the metformin group and the EA group (P<0.05). ④Compared with the blank group, the expression of PGP9.5 in pancreatic tissue in the model group was increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the expression of PGP9.5 in pancreatic tissue in the metformin group, the EA group and the combination group was decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of PGP9.5 in pancreatic tissue in the EA group was lower than the metformin group and the combination group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) could promote the effect of metformin on activating AMPK in liver tissue of T2DM rats, improve the negative effect of metformin on AMPK in pancreatic tissue, and enhance the hypoglycemic effect of metformin. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of pancreatic intrinsic nervous system.

Analysis of epidemic characteristics and related factors of norovirus in diarrhea patients in Guangxi, 2015-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of norovirus in Guangxi from 2015 to 2020, and to provide scientific recommendations for norovirus prevention and control. Methods The foodborne diseases surveillance data were collected from 11 sentinel hospitals through the National Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System from 2015 to 2020. R software with version 4.0.3 was used for descriptive and statistical analysis, including epidemic curve, chi-square test, and trend chi-square and so on. Logistic regression was used to analyze norovirus-related factors, OR values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated respectively with the statistical test level of P<0.05. Results There were 1 008 norovirus cases detected, with a detection rate of 12.75% (1 008/7 903). Children with age less than 5 years (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.13-1.82) and patients at age 20-45 (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.13-1.87) were high risk population. The detection rate was higher in autumn (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.08-1.53) but lower in summer (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.55-0.80). In addition, the tourist area (Guilin City) presented a higher detection rate than other areas (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.80). Aquatic products (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.91), meat and dairy products (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.06-1.61) were high-risk foods for norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can reduce the possibility of norovirus by 61% (OR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.31-0.49) showed a declining trend (Trend χ2=85.33, P<0.001). In addition, prolonged visit time can lead to 19%-23% decrease in the detection rate of norovirus (OR24-48 hours=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.95; OR>48 hours=0.77, 95%CI: 0.63-0.93). Conclusions　The epidemic of norovirus presented seasonal and regional distribution in Guangxi with a declining detection rate trend in diarrhea patients during recent 6 years. Young children were high-risk population in infection norovirus. The intake of seafood can increase the risk of norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can sharply decrease the possibility of infection norovirus. The monitoring of key foods such as seafood should be strengthened, and the early screening of suspected cases should be taken. The norovirus monitoring should be improved to ensure the health of the population.

Development of comprehensive vitality scale for the elderly based on classical test theory and analytic hierarchy process / 生理学报

The present study aims to construct an elderly vitality index evaluation system and develop a comprehensive vitality evaluation scale for the elderly to reasonably evaluate the vitality level of the elderly in China, so as to provide a reference for promoting the realization of "active aging" and "healthy aging". Literature research and in-depth interview were used to collect the senile vitality sensitive indexes. The indexes were screened and corrected by Delphi expert consultation method, item analysis method based on classical test theory, factor analysis method, and reliability and validity analysis method. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight of each level of indexes. An elderly vitality evaluation system including 4 first-level indexes and 24 second-level indexes was constructed. The consistency test results of all levels of indicators showed that the consistency index (CI) and consistent ratio (CR) were both less than 0.1, which met the requirements and showed satisfactory consistency. The weights of exercise vitality, nutritional vitality, psychological vitality and social vitality were 0.263, 0.141, 0.455 and 0.141, respectively. In conclusion, the comprehensive vitality scale constructed for the Chinese elderly is reliable and scientific, and can be used to evaluate the vitality of the elderly.

MiR⁃31 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Pulpitis and periapical inflammation are two common diseases in stomatology today. Existing treatment options primarily include root canal therapy and pulp revascularization, which can effectively control inflammation and preserve the affected tooth while also causing permanent deactivation of the pulp tissue, structural failure, and secondary infection. In recent years, research on dental pulp regeneration has progressively entered the public consciousness because of tissue engineering technology that combines stem cells and biomaterials. Due to their multi⁃differentiation and high proliferation, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from permanent or deciduous teeth have emerged as a significant stem cell source for dentin or pulp tissue regeneration. However, the number and survival time of live cells in the dam⁃ aged area are impacted, which significantly limits the efficacy of stem cells since they are unable to efficiently be recruited to the injured area. The ability of DPSCs to migrate and multiply must therefore be enhanced. This study sought to determine if miR⁃31 (miR⁃31) may significantly enhance the proliferative and migratory capacities of DPSCs. The tissue block enzyme digestion method was used to successfully separate and culture DPSCs from dental pulp tissues, and the miR⁃31 levels in dental pulp tissues and DPSCs from normal and inflammatory teeth were compared. The results of real⁃time fluorescence quanti⁃ tative PCR (RT⁃qPCR) revealed that the expression level of miR⁃31 in dental pulp tissues and DPSCs from inflammatory teeth was significantly lower when compared to the control group (P<0. 05). Interfer⁃ ence and over⁃expression of miR⁃31 expressions in DPSCs were specifically divided into three groups: the NC group, the miR⁃31 agomir (over⁃expressed) group and the miR⁃31 antagomir (inhibitor) group. RTq⁃PCR results showed that the transfection was successful (P<0. 001). The results of CCK⁃8, wound⁃ healing, and Transwell migration experiments showed that overexpression of miR⁃31 successfully improved the proliferation and migration abilities of DPSCs compared with the control group (P<0. 05). Further⁃ more, Western blotting analysis revealed that miR⁃31 overexpression increased the expression of important migratory proteins, including CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and matrix metalloproteinase2 (MMP2), as well as key proliferation proteins Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (P< 0. 05). This study demonstrates that miR⁃31 can effectively boost the proliferation and migratory ability of DPSCs, providing strong theoretical support for the increased use of DPSCs in regenerative medicine.

Clinical analysis of 244 cases with abdominal wall endometriosis / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes and prognostic factors of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). Methods: A total of 265 AWE patients who underwent surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2010 to April 2023 were retrospectively selected, and 244 patients had complete follow-up data. According to different depth of lesions, the enrolled patients were divided into three types: type Ⅰ (subcutaneous fat layer, n=30), type Ⅱ (anterior sheath muscle layer, n=174) and type Ⅲ (peritoneum layer, n=40). The general clinical features, perioperative conditions, recurrent outcome and prognostic factors were analyzed in three types. Results: (1) Compared with type Ⅲ patients, the age of onset, parity and incidence of pelvic endometriosis were significantly decreased in type Ⅱ patients [(32.0±4.0) vs (30.0±4.6) years, 1.6±0.6 vs 1.4±0.5, 10.0% (4/40) vs 1.7% (3/174), respectively; all P<0.05], while the proportion of patients with transverse incision was significantly increased [37.5% (15/40) vs 67.3% (115/171); P<0.01]. The first symptoms of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ were mainly palpable mass in the abdominal wall [73.3% (22/30), 63.2% (110/174), respectively], but the first symptom of type Ⅲ was pain in the abdominal wall [55.0% (22/40); all P<0.05]. (2) No matter the results of preoperative B-ultrasound or intraoperative exploration, the lesion diameters of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ showed significant upward trends (all P<0.05). The proportions of lesion diameter≥3 cm in type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ [67.8% (118/174), 80.0% (32/40)] were significantly higher than that in type Ⅰ (all P<0.05). The median operation time and blood loss of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly lower than those of type Ⅲ (type Ⅰ vs type Ⅲ: 37.5 vs 50.0 minutes, 10 vs 20 ml, all P<0.05; type Ⅱ vs type Ⅲ: 35.0 vs 50.0 minutes, 10 vs 20 ml, all P<0.05). (3) The median follow-up time was 49 months, the overall symptom remission rate was 98.4% (240/244), and the recurrence rate was 7.0% (17/244). There were no significant differences in recurrence rate and recurrence free time among three types (all P>0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the depth, number, diameter of lesions and postoperative adjuvant medication were not significant factors for postoperative recurrence (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of type Ⅲ are the most serious, including obvious abdominal pain symptoms, larger lesion diameter, prolonged operation time, increased intraoperative blood loss and increased incidence of pelvic endometriosis. Complete resection of lesions is an effective treatment for AWE, with high symptom remission rate and low recurrence rate. The depth, number, diameter of lesions and postoperative adjuvant medication are not risk factors for recurrence.

Identification and validation of novel biomarkers for cold-dampness syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis based on integration of multiple bioinformatics methods / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to identify the novel biomarkers of cold-dampness syndrome(RA-Cold) of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) by gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA), weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA), and clinical validation. Firstly, transcriptome sequencing was carried out for the whole blood samples from RA-Cold patients, RA patients with other traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes, and healthy volunteers. The differentially expressed gene(DEG) sets of RA-Cold were screened by comparison with the RA patients with other TCM syndromes and healthy volunteers. Then, GSEA and WGCNA were carried out to screen the key DEGs as candidate biomarkers for RA-Cold. Experimentally, the expression levels of the candidate biomarkers were determined by RT-qPCR for an independent clinical cohort(not less than 10 cases/group), and the clinical efficacy of the candidates was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. The results showed that 3 601 DEGs associated with RA-Cold were obtained, including 106 up-regulated genes and 3 495 down-regulated genes. The DEGs of RA-Cold were mainly enriched in the pathways associated with inflammation-immunity regulation, hormone regulation, substance and energy metabolism, cell function regulation, and synovial pannus formation. GSEA and WGCNA showed that recombinant proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 2(PSMC2), which ranked in the top 50% in terms of coefficient of variation, representativeness of pathway, and biological modules, was a candidate biomarker of RA-Cold. Furthermore, the validation results based on the clinical independent sample set showed that the F1 value, specificity, accuracy, and precision of PSMC2 for RA-Cold were 70.3%, 61.9%, 64.5%, and 81.3%, respectively, and the area under the curve(AUC) value was 0.96. In summary, this study employed the "GSEA-WGCNA-validation" integrated strategy to identify novel biomarkers of RA-Cold, which helped to improve the TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment of core syndromes in RA and provided an experimental basis for TCM syndrome differentiation.

Eleutheroside B induces apoptosis and autophagy of lung cancer cells by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study investigated the effect of eleutheroside B on apoptosis and autophagy of lung cancer A549 and H460 cells and its molecular mechanism. MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of eleutheroside B at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 mmol·L~(-1) on lung cancer cells. Trypan blue exclusion assay was used to detect the effect of eleutheroside B on the survival rate of lung cancer A549 and H460 cells at different time. Colony formation assay was used to detect the effect of eleutheroside B on the proliferation of lung cancer A549 and H460 cells. AO/EB fluorescence double staining and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining were used to detect the effect of eleutheroside B on apoptosis of lung cancer A549 and H460 cells, and Western blot was used to detect apoptosis-related proteins to explore the apoptosis-related molecular mechanism. AO fluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of autophagic vesicles and autophagy-related proteins P62 and LC3. The results showed that compared with the control group, eleutheroside B inhibited the growth of lung cancer A549 and H460 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The optimal effect time of eleutheroside B on lung cancer A549 and H460 cells was 24 h, and the optimal concentrations were 28.64 and 22.16 mmol·L~(-1), respectively. Eleutheroside B could inhibit the colony formation of A549 and H460 cells. Compared with the control group, eleutheroside B could promote the formation of apoptotic bodies and induce cell apoptosis, as well as induce the expression of mitochondrial pathway-related proteins. Under the effect of eleutheroside B, the acidic autophagy vacuole in lung cancer cells increased, LC3Ⅱ expression increased, P62 protein expression decreased, and PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR protein expression decreased in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Studies have shown that eleutheroside B can inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, reduce colony formation, induce apoptosis of lung cancer cells through mitochondrial pathway, and induce autophagy. The mechanism may be related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Nuclear respiratory factor 1 mediates LPS-induced acute lung injury through NF-κB / 生理学报

The purpose of this paper was to study the transcriptional regulation of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a key molecule in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung epithelial inflammation, and to clarify the mechanism of NRF1-mediated inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells. In vivo, male BALB/c mice were treated with NRF1 siRNA, followed with LPS (4 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline through respiratory tract, and sacrificed 48 h later. Expression levels of NRF1, NF-κB p65 and its target genes were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. Nuclear translocation of NRF1 or p65 was measured by immunofluorescent technique. In vitro, L132 cells were transfected with NRF1 siRNA or treated with BAY 11-7082 (5 μmol/L) for 24 h, followed with treatment of 1 mg/L LPS for 6 h. Cells were lysed for detections of NRF1, NF-κB p65 and its target genes as well as the binding sites of NRF1 on RELA (encoding NF-κB p65) promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). Results showed that LPS stimulated NRF1 and NF-κB p65. Pro-inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 were significantly increased both in vivo and in vitro. Obvious nuclear translocations of NRF1 and p65 were observed in LPS-stimulated lung tissue. Silencing NRF1 resulted in a decrease of p65 and its target genes both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, BAY 11-7082, an inhibitor of NF-κB, significantly repressed the inflammatory responses induced by LPS without affecting NRF1 expression. Furthermore, it was proved that NRF1 had three binding sites on RELA promoter region. In summary, NRF1 is involved in LPS-mediated acute lung injury through the transcriptional regulation on NF-κB p65.

Overweight and obesity status among children in Beijing and Tokyo and its relationship with lifestyle / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the status quo of overweight and obesity among children aged 3 to 5 in Beijing and Tokyo, and to explore its relationship with lifestyle.@*Methods@#Using the method of cluster stratified random sampling, a sample of 444 children aged 3-5 years from Beijing and Tokyo were selected in Oct. and Nov. of 2019. Height, weight and lifestyle were measured. Overweight and obesity among children in the two cities and its relationship with lifestyle were compared and analyzed.@*Results@#Average level of BMI, rate of overweight and obesity of children in Beijing(25.28%) were higher than those in Tokyo( 18.44 %). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with physical activity before breakfast( χ 2=29.14, 31.18, P <0.05). There were significant differences in overweight and obesity rates between children in Beijing and Tokyo with different snack frequency after dinner( χ 2=24.72, 21.93, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis further showed that children s lack of physical activity before breakfast in Beijing is positively related to overweight and obesity( OR= 1.45, 95%CI =1.10-2.68). Beijing children who often eat snacks after supper ( OR=2.56, 95%CI =1.44-3.57,) and sometimes eat snacks were positively correlated with the occurrence of overweight or obesity ( OR=1.72, 95%CI =1.21-2.72).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Beijing is higher than that in Tokyo. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity among infants in Beijing include lack of physical activity before breakfast and frequent snacking after dinner.

Research Progress on Active Ingredients of Flavonoids in Traditional Chinese Medicine Dendrobium / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Dendrobium（Orchidaceae） is traditional Chinese medicine with a high healthcare value，which can nourish Yin and tonify deficiency. Eighty-nine flavonoids were isolated from Dendrobium，mainly including flavones，flavanoes and flavonols. Among them，there were 40 flavonoids，the main aglycones were apigenin and chrysoeriol；20 flavanones；and 15 flavonols，and the main aglycones were kaempferol and quercetin. D. officinale and several other species also have flavanonols，anthocyanidins，chalcone and isoflavones. There were 34 species of Dendrobium containing flavonoids，including 38 flavonoids in D. officinale，28 flavonoids in D. huoshanense，19 flavonoids in D. devonianum，12 flavonoids in D. wardianum，5 flavonoids in D. thyrsiflorum，4 flavonoids in D. denneanum and D. findlayanum. Common flavonoids included naringenin，quercetin，rutin，which had pharmacological effects of resisting oxidation，lowering blood sugar，improving blood circulation，lowing cholesterol，and protecting the cardiovascular system. The existing studies of Dendrobium-related species，flavonoids and their physiological functions were reviewed in the expectation to promote the attention of the industry to Dendrobium flavonoids and explore values of Dendrobium plants in efficacy and food fields.

Effect of acupuncture on intestinal flora and TLR4 in brain and intestinal tissues in rats with stress gastric ulcer / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Xiajuxu" (ST 39) on intestinal flora and Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR4) in brain and intestinal tissue in rats with stress gastric ulcer (SGU), and to explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture for SGU.@*METHODS@#Thirty-one male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, the gastric mucosal damage index was significantly increased in the model group (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Xiajuxu" (ST 39) could alleviate SGU in rats, and its mechanism may be related to increasing the diversity of intestinal flora, promoting the disorder of intestinal flora to normal, and reducing the overexpression of TLR4 in brain and intestinal tissues.

Preparation and enhanced photodynamic therapy of supramolecular nanoparticles to overcome tumor hypoxia / 药学学报

The therapeutic effect of tumor photodynamic therapy is severely limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Inhibiting tumor celloxygen consumption is a more effective way than increasing its oxygen supply to overcome the tumor hypoxia and enhance photodynamic therapy. To carry out this strategy, the supramolecular nanoparticles VER-ATO-SMN loaded with photosensitizer verteporfin (VER), oxygen-consuming inhibitor atovaquone (ATO), and stabilizer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-K30 were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method, and the optimal prescription was screened and optimized by single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal prescription for VER-ATO-SMN was ATO∶VER (w/w) = 1∶1, PVP-K30 = 100 mg, N,N-dimethylformamide∶water (v/v) = 1∶10. The morphology, particle size, particle dispersion index and encapsulation efficiency of supramolecular nanoparticles were characterized. The VER-ATO-SMN showed a spherical morphology and was well dispersed. The hydrodynamic size of VER-ATO-SMN was 101.21 ± 4.30 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The encapsulation efficiencies of VER and ATO in VER-ATO-SMN prepared with the optimal prescription were 70.86% and 77.52%, respectively. The VER-ATO-SMN exhibited good laser stability and also showed high stability in conditions which simulated the physiological solution. Compared with free VER and VER liposome, VER-ATO-SMN performed enhanced therapeutic effect at the cell level. The mechanism was that VER-ATO-SMN could effectively incorporate into cells and improving the intracellular oxygen concentration by reducing the oxygen consumption of tumor cells could increase the amount of reactive oxygen species generated by VER mediated photodynamic therapy. The in vivo anticancer efficacy results of tumor-bearing mice suggested that VER-ATO-SMN could effectively inhibit the tumor growth or even completely eliminate the tumor. All animal experiments were performed in line with national regulations and approved by the Animal Experiments Ethical Committee of 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team.

Immunogenicity of Whole / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objectives@#To evaluate the immunogenicity of @*Methods@#Protein extracts from @*Results@#Immunization with @*Conclusion@#This is the advanced study to investigate the immunogenicity of

Lower expression of dynein axonemal intermediate china 1 in lung adenocarcinoma and inhibits the invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the expression of dynein axonemal intermediate chain l(DNAI1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its influence on invasive ability of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Microarray gene chip analysis was used to screen different expression genes in lung adenocarcinoma (3 samples) and adjacent normal tissues(3 samples); Heatmap and volcano plot were performed demonstrate the mRNA expression and distribution after screening; DAVID database used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes of Genomes (KEGG) analysis; STRING database and Cytoscape 3.6.1 software for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and screening of Hub genes; Objective genes were selected based on the differential expression of each Hub gene in lung adenocarcinoma in DEGs and Ualcan database; Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of DNAI1 in BEAS-2B, H1299 and A549; observe the morphological changes after DNAI1 overexpression; Transwell invasion assay was used to detect the change of invasion ability of A549 cells after DNAI1 overexpression. Results The microarray result showed that there were 86 up-regulated genes and 396 down-regulated genes; different genes were involved in the RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of transcription, apoptosis process of negative regulation, protein binding, and other functions, widely distributed within the cell, and associated with the metabolic pathway, cancer and other signal pathways were closely related ; DEGs database and Ualcan database showed that DNAI1 was the most downregulated among Hub genes in LUAD; the result of Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that DNAI1 had lower expression in H1299 and A549 compared with BEAS-2B; after DNAI1 overexpression, A549 cells became round and a few shed off; invasion assay showed that the invasion ability of A549 cells was significantly reduced. Conclusion DNAI1 has a lower expression and inhibits the ability of invasion in LUAD, and this study can provide a potential molecular target and provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy of LUAD.

Establishment of Quality Control Method in Production of Jinshuibao Capsules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To improve the quality control system in the production of Jinshuibao capsules, and to provide experimental basis for the follow-up research and application of this preparation. Method::High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed, the analysis was performed on a Ultimate AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm). The chromatographic conditions for the determination of adenosine, guanosine and uridine were as following: mobile phase of methanol-0.1%formic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution, the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1, column temperature at 30 ℃, sample quantity of 10 μL, detection wavelength at 260 nm. The chromatographic conditions for the determination of ergosterol were as follows: mobile phase of methanol-water (98∶2), the flow rate of 1 mL·min-1, column temperature at 25 ℃, sample quantity of 10 μL, detection wavelength at 283 nm. Result::The main chromatographic peaks of fermented Cordyceps powder samples in different production stages showed little difference. The linear relationships of adenosine, guanosine and uridine were good (R2 >0.999), their recoveries were 106.06%, 101.25%and 105.88%, respectively. The contents of adenosine and ergosterol in 20 batches of samples extracted from 2016 to 2018 were in line with the requirements in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the contents of guanosine and uridine were 0.97-1.36, 0.67-1.38 mg/capsule, respectively. Conclusion::The quality of Jinshuibao capsules in the market is stable. This method can be used to detect the quality of Jinshuibao capsules, and it is simple, stable and reliable.

Celastrol inhibits PAK1 kinase and inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells / 药学学报

The p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a member of the P21-activated protein kinase family that plays an important role in the proliferation and on cogenesis of pancreatic cancer. PAK1 is an important target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. At present, akinase inhibitor targeting PAK1 is still in the preclinical research stage. Therefore, screening for new PAK1 kinase inhibitors is of great significance. In this study the natural compound celastrol was found to have a significant inhibitory effect on PAK1, with an IC50 value of 3.614 μmol·L-1. Molecular docking results showed that celastrol had good binding to PAK1. An MTT assay indicated that celastrol inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3 and PANC-1. Mechanistic studies revealed that the inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells by celastrol was reversed by PAK1 siRNA. Celastrol inhibited PAK1 and the subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways, thereby activating apoptosis signaling pathways and triggering apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. These findings suggested that celastrol induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing the PAK1 kinase signaling pathway and has potential value for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Grade Evaluation of Albiziae Cortex Decoction Pieces Based on Quality Constant Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The quality constant evaluation method was applied to the grading evaluation of Albiziae Cortex decoction pieces. The morphological and component indexes of 12 batches of the decoction pieces were measured, their quality constants were calculated and graded. The results showed that the quality constant ranged from 0.041 to 0.167. If the percentage quality constant ≥ 80%was the first-grade decoction pieces, <80%and ≥ 50%was the second-grade decoction pieces, <50%was the third-grade decoction pieces; the quality constant of the first-grade decoction pieces was ≥ 0.133 6, the second-grade decoction pieces was ≥ 0.083 5 and <0.133 6, and the third-grade decoction pieces was <0.083 5. In this paper, the authors further applied the quality constant evaluation method of skin piece in the grading evaluation of Albiziae Cortex decoction pieces, which proved that the method was reasonable and scientific, and it can provide a reference for the quality grading of this decoction pieces.

Grade evaluation of Gardeniae Fructus based on quality constant method / 中国中药杂志

Grade evaluation method of quality constant is a kind of grading method for Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces,combining the external morphological index and internal content index. This method was used in this paper for grade evaluation of Gardeniae Fructus. By measuring the morphological and content indexes of 14 batches of Gardeniae Fructus,a method for calculating the quality constant of fruits was established,and the grade evaluation criteria were formed. At the same time,the NO inhibition effect of different grades of Gardeniae Fructus samples on RAW264. 7 cells induced by LPS was determined to investigate the relationship between the quality grade and pharmacodynamics of decoction pieces. The results showed that the quality constants of Gardeniae Fructus decoction piece samples ranged from 1. 46 to 4. 42. If the percentage quality constant ≥80% was classified into first-class,50%-80%as second-class and the rest as third-class,the quality constant was ≥3. 54 for first-class,2. 21-3. 54 for second-class and <2. 21 for third-class Gardeniae Fructus decoction pieces. The pharmacodynamic results showed that the pharmacodynamic intensity was positively correlated with the grade,which also proved the rationality of the grade evaluation method of quality constant.

Intranasal Immunization Using CTA1-DD as a Mucosal Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of intranasal immunization with CTA1-DD as mucosal adjuvant combined with H3N2 split vaccine.@*METHODS@#Mice were immunized intranasally with PBS (negative control), or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) alone, or CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse) alone, or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) plus CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse). Positive control mice were immunized intramuscularly with H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) and alum adjuvant. All the mice were immunized twice, two weeks apart. Then sera and mucosal lavages were collected. The specific HI titers, IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG subtypes were examined by ELISA. IFN-γ and IL-4 were test by ELISpot. In addition, two weeks after the last immunization, surivival after H3N2 virus lethal challenge was measured.@*RESULTS@#H3N2 split vaccine formulated with CTA1-DD could elicit higher IgM, IgG and hemagglutination inhibition titers in sera. Furthermore, using CTA1-DD as adjuvant significantly improved mucosal secretory IgA titers in bronchoalveolar lavages and vaginal lavages. Meanwhile this mucosal adjuvant could enhance Th-1-type responses and induce protective hemagglutination inhibition titers. Notably, the addition of CTA1-DD to split vaccine provided 100% protection against lethal infection by the H3N2 virus.@*CONCLUSION@#CTA1-DD could promote mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which supports the further development of CTA1-DD as a mucosal adjuvant for mucosal vaccines.