Bendamustine combined with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease: a multicenter study / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bendamustine combined with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (BPD regimen) in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) with extramedullary disease. Methods: This open, single-arm, multicenter prospective cohort study included 30 relapsed MM patients with extramedullary disease diagnosed in seven hospitals including Qingdao Municipal Hospital. The patients were treated with BPD regimen from February 2021 to November 2022. This study analyzed the efficacy and adverse reactions of the BPD regimen. Results: The median age of the 30 patients was 62 (47-72) years, of which 18 (60% ) had first-time recurrence. The overall response rate (ORR) of the 18 patients with first-time recurrence was 100%, of which three (16.7% ) achieved complete remission, 10 (55.5% ) achieved very good partial remission (VGPR), and five (27.8% ) achieved partial remission (PR). The ORR of 12 patients with recurrence after second-line or above treatment was 50%, including zero patients with ≥VGPR and six patients (50% ) with PR. Three cases (25% ) had stable disease, and three cases (25% ) had disease progression. The one-year progression free survival rate of all patients was 65.2% (95% CI 37.2% -83.1% ), and the 1-year overall survival rate was 90.0% (95% CI 76.2% -95.4% ). The common grade 3-4 hematology adverse reactions included two cases (6.7% ) of neutropenia and one case (3.3% ) of thrombocytopenia. The overall adverse reactions are controllable. Conclusions: The BPD regimen has good efficacy and tolerance in relapsed MM patients with extramedullary disease.

Multicenter Prospective Study of Different Induction Regimens of Azacytidine in Treatment of Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy and safety of different induction regimens of same total dosage of azacitidine (Aza), including standard dose (standard dose group) and low-dose long-term (adjusted dose group), in the treatment of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#A total of 103 elderly patients with AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) from January 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled. Aza was administered at the standard dose of 75 mg/(m2·d) for 7 days in the standard dose group (50 cases), while at 100 mg/d for 7-12 days in the adjusted dose group (53 cases). The administration days in adjusted dose group was calculated based on the total standard dose of the patient's single course of treatment. The efficacy and safety between standard dose group and adjusted dose group were compared. Subgroup analysis were performed in the two groups for Aza alone, Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor, and Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy for efficacy and safety.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in overall response rate (ORR), incidence of adverse reaction, and 1-year overall survival (OS) rate between standard dose group and adjusted dose group (P >0.05). The ORR of combination was higher than that of Aza alone (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in ORR between Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor and Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy (P >0.05). The combination of BCL-2 inhibitor did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions compared wtih Aza alone. There was a higher risk of myelosuppression and pulmonary infection with a combination of low-dose chemotherapy than with a combination of BCL-2 inhibitor and Aza alone (P <0.05). No significant difference was observed in 1-year OS between Aza alone, Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor, and Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy (P >0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both two induction regimens can be used in elderly AML patients who cannot tolerate intensive chemotherapy with similar overall effectiveness and safety. Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy may result in increased ORR and an increased incidence of serious adverse reactions, and may not result in longer survival compared with Aza alone. Aza combined with BCL-2 inhibitor not only has similar effect in complete remission, objective response rate, and OS compared with Aza combined with low-dose chemotherapy, but also has higher safety.

Clinical Comparation of Two Kinds of Chemotherapy Regimens in the Treatment of Patients with MDS-RAEB/AML-MRC / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influence of conventional CAG regimen and decitabine + decreased dose CAG (D+dCAG) regimen on the clinical efficacy and safety of patients with MDS-RAEB/AML-MRC.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 67 patients with MDS-RAEB/AML-MRC hospitalized in our hospital from March 2012 to July 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. According to chemotherapecctic regimens, 76 patients were divided into 2 groups: 37 patients treated with conventional CAG regimen were enrolled in control group, 30 patients treated with decitabine + decreased dose CAG regimen were enrolled in D+dCAG group. The complete remission (CR) rate, overall remission rate (ORR), OS and PFS time and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#The CR in D+dCAG group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). ORR was not significanly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the cumulative OS rate between 2 groups (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the cumulative OS rate and PFS rate in nonimplantation between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions of hematological system, pulmonary infection, skin and soft tissue infection, agranulocytosic fever and mycotic infection was not significanly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The duration of granulocyte deficiency and platelet count less than 20×10/L were not significanly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with conventional CAG regimen, decitabine + decreased dose CAG regimen in the treatment of patients with MDS-RAEB/AML-MRC can efficiently improve the remission effects and showed the well overall safety, but can not increase the survival rate.

Ratio of Primary Bone Marrow Cells after Induction Chemothrapy for Two Weeks in the Patients with PhALL and Its Influence on Complete Remission and Overall Progrosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of bone marrow blasts ratio after induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks in patients with PhALL, and it's influence on complete remission (CR) and overall prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 172 patients with PhALL in our hospital from March 2012 to February 2016 were selected. The bone marrow blast ratio was analyzed by the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) in patients after induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks, at same time its influence on CR and overall prognosis of PhALL patients was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cutoff value of CR was 0.075, its area under ROC was 0.763; the comparison of area under ROC with A=0.5 showed statistically significant difference, therefore 172 patients with PhALL were grouped according to bone marrow blast ratio after induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks: 104 cases (60.5%) with bone marrow blast ratio <0.075, 68 cases (39.5%) with bone marrow blast ratio ≥0.075. The PhALL patinets with bone marrow blast ratio <0.075 who achieved CR and finally achieved CR after induction chemotherapy for 4 weeks acconnted for 89 (85.6%) and 99(95.2%) respectively, which were significantly higher than those in PhALL patients with bone marrow blast ratio≥0.075, [29(42.6%) and 52 (76.5%)](P<0.05). In addition, the influencing factor clinically reducing the OS and DFS rate of patients and enhancing the ralapse rate of patients were mainly chemotherapy, the failure of induction chemotherapy (patients did not achieve CR after induction therapy for 4 weeks), the bone marrow blast ratio≥0.075 after induction treatment for 2 weeks, and CNSL at diagnosis and so on, while the enhaced WBC count at diagnosis was poor factor affecting the DFS rate of patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After induction chemotherapy for 2 weeks, the elevated bone marrow blast ratio in PhALL patients will be infavourable to CR, and the overall prognosis is poor.</p>

Efficacy of glycyrrhizin combined with cyclosporine in the treatment of non-severe aplastic anemia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been widely used in the treatment of aplastic anemia (AA), but the application of CsA was limited in patients who had liver diseases or abnormal liver function due to its liver toxicity. Glycyrrhizin has long been used in China in the treatment of various liver diseases to lower transaminases. In this study, we observed the efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizic acid combined with CsA in the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with non-severe AA (NSAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total number of 76 patients with newly diagnosed NSAA were enrolled into the study at our hospital between July 2005 and June 2010. The patients were divided randomly into two groups: the glycyrrhizin-treatment group (group A) and the control group (group B) with 38 patients in each group. All patients received 3 - 5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) CsA for at least 4 months and were treated either with or without glycyrrhizin for 4 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>sixty-eight patients were eligible for evaluation. In the control group, 9.09% patients (n = 3) achieved a complete response while 51.52% (n = 17) attained a partial response. The overall response rate was 60.61% (n = 20). The remaining 13 patients (39.39%) did not have any response. In the glycyrrhizin-treatment group, complete response rate was 20% (n = 7) and partial response rate was 62.86% (n = 22). The overall response rate was 82.86% (n = 29) and the non-response rate was 17.14% (n = 6). Response rate was significantly increased with the addition of glycyrrhizin to CsA compared with CsA alone (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of glycyrrhizin and cyclosporine regimen was an effective treatment for NSAA in terms of improvement of response rate, reduction in CsA-related liver injury, and attenuation of severity of nausea and other adverse events in the treatment of patients with NSAA.</p>

The influence of CD44 on the adhesive, migratory and infiltrative abilities of leukemia cells / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of CD44 in leukemia cell lines and its role in adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression levels of CD44 in four leukemia cell lines SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 and K562 were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot when they were in logarithmic phase. And these cell lines were divided into control group (treated with same species and isotype IgG) and experimental group (treated with anti-CD44 mono-clonal antibody). The assays of cell-cell adhesion to endothelial cells line ECV304, migration through the artificial matrix membrane and infiltration through the Matrigel were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative expression ratios of CD44 to GAPDH in SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 cells were 0.0731 ± 0.0072, 0.0827 ± 0.0151 and 0.1473 ± 0.0365, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in K562 cells (0.0002 ± 0.0000, P < 0.01). Cell-cell adhesion assay showed that the adhesion rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells in the experimental group decreased to 72.78%, 64.09% and 57.42%, respectively, and were lower than those of the control groups, while that of K562 cells in the experimental group was 106.16%. Migration assay showed that the transmembrane rates of SHI-1,THP-1 and NB4 cells were 55%, 29% and 25% in the control group, respectively, and decreased to 32%, 18% and 12% in the experimental group, respectively, while those of K562 cells in both control group and experimental group remained 2%. The infiltration rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells decreased from 24%, 15% and 13% in the control group to 12%, 8% and 4% in the experimental group, respectively, while K562 cells in both groups could not pass through the Matrigel.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD44 antigen might play an important role in the adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells and be involved in the extra-medullary infiltration of leukemia cells.</p>