ACTL6A Induces Cisplatin Resistance in the Lung Adenocarcinoma by Inhibiting the Hippo / YAP Signaling Pathway / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Actin-like 6A (ACTL6A), also known as BAF53A, is an SWI / SNF subunit of chromatin-remodeling factors and plays an important role in regulating stem cell function. Recent studies found that ACTL6A was involved in tumor occurrence and development. However, the mechanism of ACTL6A in cisplatin resistance is still unclear. This study investigated the biological function and molecular mechanism of ACTL6A in maintaining cancer stem cell function and cisplatin resistance. First, analysis from TCGA, GEO, and GEPIA databases showed that ACTL6A expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and cisplatin resistant cells were dramatically higher than that in adjacent normal tissues and cisplatin sensitive cells (P < 0. 05), and ACTL6A high expression was positively associated with a poor prognosis of LUAD. Knockdown of ACTL6A enhanced cisplatin sensitivity (P < 0. 05), reduced tumor sphere (P<0. 05), inhibited cell migration (P<0. 05), and promoted cell apoptosis (P<0. 05) in A549 cells. Western blotting showed that knockdown of ACTL6A increased the protein expression of E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and twist. Moreover, knockdown of ACTL6A inhibited the expression of cancer stem cell markers, including ALDH3A1, ALDH4A1, SOX2, OCT4, and Nanog. Subsequently, Hippo / YAP signaling-related proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. The results showed the expression of beta-TRCP and YAP was decreased in A549 cell with knockdown of ACTL6A. However, phosphorylation levels at S127 and S397 of YAP were increased and inhibited translocation of YAP into the nucleus for regulating related gene expression. In summary, ACTL6A maintained the stemness of lung cancer stem cells and promoted cisplatin resistance in A549 cells by inhibiting activation of the Hippo signaling pathway.

Hospitalization rates for coronary heart disease from 2007 to 2009 in Beijing / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the distribution and trends of hospitalization rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) from 2007 to 2009 in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We calculated hospitalization rates for CHD using data from Beijing Hospital Discharge Information System. Information of census registered population in Beijing was obtained from Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. CHD includes acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and other forms of CHD. Age-standardized hospitalization rates for CHD per 100 000 population aged 25 years or more were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During 2007 - 2009, a total of 248 049 patients aged 25 years or more hospitalized in Beijing with the primary discharge diagnosis of CHD were enrolled, of whom 73.7% were permanent registered Beijing citizens. The average hospitalization rate for CHD in 2007 - 2009 was 651.2/100 000 for the permanent residences in Beijing (741.2/100 000 in men, 560.9/100 000 in women). The highest average hospitalization rate (671.9/100 000) was seen in exurban area compared to other areas in Beijing. The average hospitalization rate for acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and other CHD was 126.4/100 000, 226.4/100 000 and 298.4/100 000, respectively. The hospitalization rate for CHD increased 18.1% from 2007 to 2009 (from 598.1/100 000 to 706.5/100 000). The same trend was seen in women (20.2%) and men (16.6%). The hospitalization rates of CHD in the urban, suburban, and exurban areas of Beijing all increased in the three years, and the greatest increase (36.6%) was found in exurban area. Hospitalization rates of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina increased 24.5% and 55.3%, respectively, in the three years, while hospitalization rates of other CHD decreased 5.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The hospitalization rate of CHD is higher in men than in women in Beijing. The hospitalization rates for CHD increased from the observation period, especially in those living in exurban area. Awareness of the magnitudes and trends of CHD hospitalization rates is of great importance in evaluating the burden of cardiovascular disease, allocating and utilizing health care resources, and estimating the health insurance for Beijing.</p>

Surveillance on the incidence of acute coronary events in the permanent residents of Beijing aged 25 years and more from 2007 to 2009 / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the incidence of acute coronary events and its trend in three years, and explore the distribution of the incidence across Beijing residents aged 25 years and more from 2007 to 2009.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The present study incorporated and linked the routinely collected data from the Hospital Discharge Information System and Cause of Death Register System in Beijing, estimated the incidence of acute coronary events, and analyzed the distribution of the incidence across gender, age groups and regions. Acute coronary event was defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease. Numbers of residents by age, gender and area were obtained from the Beijing Statistics Bureau.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 68 390 acute coronary events were identified among permanent residents of Beijing aged 25 years and more from 2007 to 2009. The age-standardized incidence was 166.4 per 100 000 people in overall population, with 218.5 in males and 115.2 in females. The age-standardized incidence was 144.3, 154.7, and 195.8 per 100 000 people in urban, suburban, and exurban area, respectively. The incidence was the highest in Huairou district (263.8 per 100 000), while was the lowest in Haidian district (121.5 per 100 000). The age-standardized incidence was 158.4, 169.4, and 171.2 per 100 000 in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. The age-standardized incidence increased by 8.1% in 2009 compared to 2007, increase in men (11.1%) was greater than in women (2.5%). The incidence increased significantly with age in each year. The incidence raised by 30.3% in 2009 compared to 2007 for men aged 35 - 44 years. In 2009, the incidence was 146.7, 155.9, and 207.4 per 100 000 people in urban, suburban, and exurban area, respectively. The rates increased by 3.2% in both urban and suburban areas, and 16.4% in exurban areas in 2009 compared to 2007.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of acute coronary events increased from 2007 to 2009 among the permanent residents of Beijing aged 25 years and over, especially in young men, and people living in the exurban areas.</p>

Analysis of the quality of notifiable infectious disease report in Beijing medical treatment organizations / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the quality of the infectious diseases reporting via network in Beijing hospitals and to filtrate factors that affect the reporting quality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected 5536 infectious disease cases randomly and investigated 52 medical treatment organizations. Information was collected by field questionnaire survey, interview and gathering routine reporting data for analyzing the quality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The result showed that the timeliness of the 52 medical treatment organizations was 94.18%, the consistency was 80.84%, the completeness was 88.47%, and the misreport was 13.73%. The reporting quality of the second level hospitals was higher than that of the first level hospitals, township health centers and the third level hospitals. The reporting quality of urban hospitals was higher than that of the suburb hospitals. The reporting quality of outpatient and inpatient departments was higher than that of the laboratory. The laboratory was the primary part of underreporting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Strengthening guidance, training and paying attention to each weak portion would certainly ameliorate the quality of infectious diseases reporting via network.</p>

Severe acute respiratory syndrome--retrospect and lessons of 2004 outbreak in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize lessons learned from an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in China during the spring of 2004.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of SARS cases were officially reported by Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (BCDC) and Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (APCDC) and results of epidemiological investigations were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three generations of 11 cases of SARS were identified during the outbreak. Initial two cases were most likely to be infected in Diarrhea Virus Laboratory of National Institute of Virology, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and main mode of transmission was direct contact with SARS patients. Delay in detecting initial case resulted in spread of the illness at hospitals and communities with two generations of secondary cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SARS outbreak in 2004 has yielded following lessons for public health globally. (1) Lab bio-safety programs should be made and should be strictly abided by. Studies in highly pathogenic viruses such as SARS coronavirus should be utmost cautious. (2) Management systems of occupational exposure to virus and disease surveillance need to be strengthened to take all risk factors into account so as to detect potential patients with infectious disease as early as possible.</p>

Risk factors for SARS-related deaths in 2003, Beijing / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the potential risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS)-related deaths in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological data were collected among the confirmed SARS patients officially reported by Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (BCDC), and information was also supplemented by a follow-up case survey. Chi-square test and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Old age (over 60 years) was found to be significantly associated with SARS-related deaths in the univariate analysis. Also, history of contacting SARS patients within 2 weeks prior to the onset of illness, health occupation, and inferior hospital ranking as well as longer interval of clinic consulting (longer than 1 day) were the risk factors for SARS-related deaths. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis found four risk factors for SARS-related deaths.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Old age (over 60 years) is the major risk factor for SARS-related deaths. Moreover, hospital health workers, the designated hospitals for SARS clinical services and the interval of consulting doctors (less than 1 day) are protective factors for surviving from SARS.</p>

Specific features of the contact history of probable cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the specific features of the contact history of probable cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of SARS cases notified from the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (BCDC) and supplemented by other channels were collected. All the data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The number of probable cases with contact history was significantly higher than the excluded cases. (2) The proportion of probable cases with contact history descended with epidemic development, but this situation did not occur in health care workers (HCWs). (3) The fatality rate of probable cases with contact history was significantly higher than the cases without contact history (OR = 1.489). (4) The proportion of probable cases with contact history was 85.86% among health care workers, which was significantly higher than that of non-health care workers (85.86% v.s. 56.44%, OR=4.69).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) The susceptible persons with contact history may not get infected, and the contact history is just a sufficient condition of infecting SARS; (2) There are 3 conceivable reasons for the descending trend of the proportion in probable cases with contact history; (3) The contact history is one of the risk factors of the death of SARS cases; (4) The risk of contacting with SARS among health care workers is approximately 5 times higher than that of non-HCWs.</p>

Assessment of impacts of public health interventions on the SARS epidemic in Beijing in terms of the intervals between its symptom onset, hospital admission, and notification / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To assess the impacts of public health interventions on the outbreak of SARS in Beijing by analyzing the intervals between symptom onset, hospital admission and notification of its cases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of SARS cases reported from the Beijing Municipal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (BCDC) were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the early epidemic period, the intervals between the disease onset and the hospital admission seemed irregular, so was the intervals between the hospital admission and the notification. After the middle ten days of April, the intervals turned out to be more regular, and the disordered situation in terms of the hospital admission and the case notification was gradually brought under control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Public health interventions against SARS has revealed positive impacts on SARS control program in Beijing. The timing and sensitivity of epidemic information reporting systems has been greatly improved in Beijing as a result of successful fight against this disease.</p>

Impact of ageing and related factors on death rate of diabetes mellitus in Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the ageing and related risk factors affecting the death rate of diabetes mellitus in Beijing, and make a correct assessment of risk factors in changing the death rate of diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The changes of death rate on diabetes mellitus in the past 10 years, from 1991 to 2000 were analyzed and calculated as to making clear what is the effects resulting from the ageing and the risk factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The death rate of diabetes mellitus was increased to 117.55%, from 1991 to 2000, in which 53.28% were attributing to the ageing and 46.72% to the risk factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effects of ageing and risk factors on death rate of diabetes mellitus should be different and the ageing should be a factor more important than the other risk factors.</p>

Case fatality rate of severe acute respiratory syndromes in Beijing / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the case fatality rate of SARS in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of SARS cases notified from Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (BCDC) and supplemented by other channels were collected. The data were analyzed by rate calculation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The case fatality rate of SARS in Beijing was 7.66%, and had an ascending trend while the age of cases was getting older, and a descending trend while the epidemic development. The case fatality rate in Beijing was lower than that in other main epidemic countries or regions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The risk of death increases with the increment of age of SARS patients. Beijing is successful in controlling and treating SARS.</p>