Pathogen surveillance and genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A6 and A16 in children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province, 2020 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze the etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases and to investigate the genetic characteristics of VP1 region of coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) and CVA16 strains in Wenshan prefecture of Yunnan Province in 2020.Methods:Virus RNA was extracted directly from stool samples of children with HFMD in Wenshan prefecture of Yunnan Province in 2020. Enterovirus (EV) VP4/VP2 junction region was amplified using MD91/OL68-1 primers and sequenced, and then the serotypes of EV isolates were preliminarily identified. Amplification and sequencing of the complete VP1 gene were performed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 5.2 software with the reference strains from GenBank. Genetic and molecular epidemiological characteristics of CVA6 and CVA16 were analyzed.Results:Thirty-two strains of EV and one strain of astrovirus MLB1 were detected in 317 specimens with an overall virus detection rate of 10.41% (33/317). Among the 32 EV strains, 31 (96.88%) were enterovirus species A (EVA) and one (3.12%) was EVB. EVC and EVD were not detected. CVA6 was the predominant EV, accounting for 62.50% (20/32), followed by CVA16 (18.75%, 6/32), CVA4 (9.37%, 3/32) and CVA10 (3.12%, 1/32). EVA71 was not detected. The phylogenetic analysis showed 20 CVA6 strains belonged to D3a sub-genotype and could be further divided into three clusters. Six CVA16 strains belonged to B1a sub-genotype, which was one of the predominant genotypes circulating in China, and could be divided into two clusters.Conclusions:The detection rate of pathogens causing HFMD in Wenshan prefecture in 2020 was 10.41% and the most common etiologic agents were CVA6 and CVA16. Based on the genetic analysis of the VP1 gene, the predominant genotype circulating in Wenshan prefecture in 2020 was CVA6 D3a sub-genotype, followed by CVA16 B1a sub-genotype. EVA71 was not detected.

Etiological surveillance of HFMD and the phylogenetic analysis of coxsackievirus A6 in Wenshan prefecture of Yunnan province, China, 2014 to 2018 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze the etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases collected from Wenshan prefecture from 2014 to 2018 and the molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus A6(CV-A6).Methods:Viruses were isolated by RD cells and Hep-2 cells from stool samples collected from HFMD patients in Wenshan prefecture from 2014 to 2018. Virus RNA was extracted and virus VP4/VP2 junction region sequence was firstly amplified and sequenced by MD91 and OL68-1 primer pairs, then the virus serotype was determined. Virus entire VP1 gene sequences were determined by relative primer pairs according to the references. The reference sequences of CV-A6 virus entire VP1 gene were downloaded from the GenBank and the phylogenetic tree was constructed and the genetic characteristics and molecular epidemiology were analyzed.Results:During five years of study period, a total of 581 strains of enteroviruses (EVs) was isolated with an isolation rate of 20.40% (581/2 848). Among 581 strains, 74 strains were CV-A6, accounting for 12.74% (74/581); 124 were CV-A16, accounting for 21.34% (124/581); 374 were EV-A71, accounting for 64.37% (374/581); nine were other EVs, accounting for 1.55% (9/581). The entire VP1 sequences of 74 CV-A6 strains were filtered by constructing a phylogenetic tree and the completely same strains were excluded from analysis. We finally analyzed the phylogenetic characteristics of 22 strains isolated in this study with 52 reference strains. The results showed that all 22 Wenshan strains belonged to D3a sub-genotype, of which 21 strains belonged to cluster 1, and only one strain belonged to cluster 2.Conclusions:From 2014 to 2018, the outbreaks of HFMD in Wenshan prefecture were mainly caused by EV-A71, CV-A16 and CV-A6, accounting for 64.37%, 21.34% and 12.74% respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed, similar to the situation in China, the sub-genotype D3a of CV-A6 was the predominant virus and the cluster 1 was the main sub-genotype in this outbreak.

Carcinogenicity study of CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells and identification of related microRNAs / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To compare the carcinogenic abilities of CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells and general laryngeal cancer stem cells and to identify the mechanism underlying the action of miRNAs.@*Methods@#Solid tumor-derived laryngeal carcinoma stem cells and Hep-2-derived laryngeal carcinoma stem cells were cultured, and CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Boden chamber invasion assay, cell migration assay and tumor formation assay were then performed to compare the invasion, migration and tumorigenic abilities of CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells and general laryngeal cancer stem cells. And then, miRNAs isolated from two laryngeal cancer stem cells were detected and analysed with miRNA chip.@*Results@#(1)In Boyden chamber invasion assay, the cell invasion rate of CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells was obviously higher (80.2%±2.3% vs. 63.9%±3.2%, t=5.011, P=0.027); (2)CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells also had higher mobility in cell migration assay (82.9%±1.1% vs. 70.9%±0.6%, t=4.514, P=0.031); (3)In tumor formation assay, the tumor formation rate of CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells was also higher (80% vs. 50%). What′s more, we identified 15 miRNAs that were significantly upregulated in CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells and 3 miRNAs that were significantly downregulated in CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells, compared with normal laryngeal cancer stem cells.@*Conclusions@#CD133+CD44+ laryngeal cancer stem cells have stronger invasion, migration and tumorigenic abilities compared with normal laryngeal cancer stem cells, and the difference of miRNAs′ expression is one of the possible causes.

Clinical efficacy on anxiety , depression and sleep disorders in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic subjective tinnitus / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) on anxiety , depression , and symptoms of sleep disorders in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus. Methods Eighty patients with chronic subjective tinnitus visiting The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from January 2016 to December 2017 were recruited ,and were divided into an observation group and a control group through computer generated random numbers. Patients in the control group were given drug treatment only ,while those in the observation group received TRT in addition to drug treatment. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) , Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ,Hamilton Depression Scale (SDS) ,and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (SAS ) for both groups. Results Patients in the observation group were associated with significantly lower scores of THI ,PSQI ,SAS and SDS ,compared with those in the control group 3 months after treatment (each P＜0.05). Furthermore ,the effectiveness rate was markedly higher (82.5% or 33 cases vs. 55.0% or 22 cases ,χ2＝7.040 ,P＜0.01) in the observation group than in the control group 6 months after treatment. Conclusion Tinnitus retraining therapy combined with conventional therapy can help to reduce the severity of tinnitus handicap ,ameliorate negative emotions such as anxiety and depression ,and improve sleep quality in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.

The curative effect of comprehensive treatments for senile hypertension / 中国基层医药

Objective To study comprehensive methods for senile hypertension and compared with conven-tional western medicine treatment,and provide reference to guide clinical hypertension treatment for the future. Methods 162 cases with senile hypertension were selected in our hospital,according to the order of treatment and the principle of informed consent,they were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group was given conventional western medicine treatment,the Nifedipine sustained release tablets joint irbesartan tab-lets.Based on the thinkings of health management,we established health records for observation group firstly,then as-sessed cardiovascular risk among patients.The patients with low,moderate risk were conducted the continuous monito-ring of blood pressure,health education,the key intervention in their way of life,established a good mentality.If the blood pressure was still unstable and out of control,we began to consider the use of drug.For patients with high risk or very high risk,besides the treatment considered,they needed immediate medical treatment supplemented by traditional Chinese medicine.Observation group was followed up for 1 time,and lasting for 6 months,then their blood pressure was measured again,the treatment effect and adverse reactions were evaluated.Results The total effective rate of ob-servation group was 96.7% (89 /92),which was significantly higher than that of control group 82.8% (58 /70),χ2 =9.12,P 0.05).So the effect of observation group was better than control group.Meanwhile,some adverse reaction occurred in both groups,but there was no significant difference. Conclusion With the thinking of health management for aged patients with hypertension,offer full -course treatment for them in order to increase the awareness of hypertension and establish healthy lifestyle,guide scientific and rational drug use.The integrated use of these methods can effectively improve the effect of the treatment of senile hyperten-sion,which is worthy of popularization and application.

Expression and significance of phosphated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and p53 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and clinical significance of phosphated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and p53 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and the relationship between the two genes.@*METHOD@#Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, which came from 60 cases of LSCC and 32 samples of normal mucosa over 2.0 cm away from tumor margin in 32 patients with total or subtotal laryngectomy were detected for the expression of p-STAT3 and p53 protein by in SP immunohistochemistry. Micro-image analysis system was used to determine the optical density,and the result was analyzed statistically.@*RESULT@#There is over expression of p-STAT3 and p53 protein in LSCC. The expression of p-STAT3 and p53 protein in LSCC was associated with clinical stage and lymph nodal metastases (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of p-STAT3 and P53 protein. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.6558 (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of p-STAT3 and p53 protein may play an important role in the tumorigenesis,metastases and poor prognosis of LSCC. There was a positive correlation between the over expression of p-STAT3 and p53 protein in LSCC.

Near-total laryngectomy and voice prosthesis reconstructive surgery / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of near-total laryngectomy on the treatment of advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Thirty patients with laryngeal carcinoma(T3N0～T3N1 17cases,T4N0～T4N1 13cases) and nine with hypopharyngeal carcinoma(T3N0～T3N1 6cases,T4N0～T4N1 3cases) were treated with near-total laryngectomy from May 1995 to March 2003 according to Peaeson modifying method of Tangpingzhang. Concurrent neck dissection were performed in sixteen patients. RESULTS The speech function was obtained in 36 cases (92.3 %) and good swallowing function was obtained in 38 cases(97.4%). Three year survival rates were 73.3% (22/30) in laryngeal carcinoma and 55.6 %(5/9)in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and five year survival rate in laryngeal carcinoma was 61.1%(11/18) . Local recurrence rate was only 2.56 %. CONCLUSION Near-total laryngectomy and speech rehabilitation can be used in most cases that might be treated with total laryngectomy in the past. It can provide satisfying survival rate, good swallowing and speech function.