RESUMO
Objective To estimate the key epidemiological parameters, including the serial interval (SI), basic reproduction numbers (R0), and time-dependent reproduction numbers (Rt) based on the case data of COVID-19 published on the official website of Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission. Methods The method of maximum likelihood estimation was used to fit the probability distribution of SI, and three parametric models including Gamma, Weibull, and Lognormal distributions were adopted to estimate the distribution of SI. The optimal model was selected by the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc). Based on nonlinear regression model the cumulative number of confirmed cases was fit to the growth rate r of the Richard growth model to estimate R0. The Rt was calculated based on the Bayesian framework. Results A total of 49 transmission chains were discovered from 245 local confirmed cases in Shaanxi Province. The Gamma distribution was the optimal model to fit the SI here by AICc. Using the Gamma distribution, the mean SI was estimated to be 6.3 days (95%CI:5.98 - 6.43) with a standard deviation (SD) of 3.94 days (95%CI: 3.01 - 5.03). Using the Richard growth model, the growth rate was estimated to be 0.23 (95% CI: 0.21 - 0.24) and the basic reproduction number in Shaanxi to be 3.11 (95%CI: 2.91 - 3.40). Rt showed an overall downward trend, and fell below 1 on February 10 (Rt=0.95（95%CI: 0.76-1.16)), and stabilized at around 0.35 on February 18. Conclusion The SI of COVID-19 is relatively shorter than that of MERS and SARS, while the R0 is relatively larger, and Rt is on a downward trend, which suggests COVID-19 is a highly transmissible infectious disease. The control measures including the isolation and treatment of confirmed patients, quarantine and observation of suspected cases, contact tracing, improvement of public awareness, and adoption of self-protection measures can effectively reduce the COVID-19 outbreak.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the potential of Spautin-1 to treat acute pancreatitis by inhibiting impaired autophagy and promoting apoptosis using an acute pancreatitis cell model induced by cerulein in vitro.Methods Pancreatic acinar cells AR42J were treated with sterile saline,100 nmol/L cerulein,and 100 nmol/L cerulein combined with 10 μmol/L spautin-1 for 24 h,respectively,and then western blot was used to detect the expression of LC3,p62 and Beclin1 in the cells to reflect autophagy;the trypsin activity in cells was detected by BGAM.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis;LDH cytotoxicity assay kit was used to detect cell necrosis.Results The expression of LC3 Ⅰ (0 h-24 h:4.32±0.46,4.68±0.41,5.22± 0.38,5.88 ±0.63),LC3 Ⅱ (0 h-24 h:0.36 ±0.02,0.64 ±0.05,0.93 ±0.08,2.43 ±0.23) and p62 (0 h-24 h:0.24 ± 0.01,0.22 ± 0.02,0.84 ± 0.09,1.25 ± 0.13) was increased in AR42J cell model treated with cerulein (P ＜ 0.05),indicated that cells undergo autophagy,but autophagy flux is blocked.The expression of LC3 Ⅰ (0.65 ± 0.06 vs 0.24 ± 0.01),LC3 Ⅱ (1.26 ± 0.15 vs 0.71 ± 0.08) and p62 (1.06 ± 0.09 vs 0.56 ± 0.06) were decreased after incubated with spautin-1,with the decreased trypsin activity (1.65 ±0.18 vs 1.13 ±0.14),increased apoptosis (6.58 ±4.01 vs 23.64 ±2.12) (P ＜0.05) and reduced cellnecrosis (27.58± 3.46vs7.64 ± 2.12) (P＜0.05).Conclusions Inthe AR42 Jcellmodel ofacute pancreatitis induced by cerulein in vitro,spautin-1 can inhibit impaired autophagy induced by cerulein,decrease trypsin activity,increase apoptosis and reduce cell necrosis to protect pancreatic cells from damage,which has a certain value for remissing and even curing acute pancreatitis.
RESUMO
Objective To explore relationships of expression of hypoxia?inducible factor?1α(HIF?1α), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and protein kinase B(P?Akt)with angiopoiesis and cell apoptosis. Methods Biopsy specimens were collected from skin lesions of 32 patients with lichen planus and normal skin of 20 patients with lipomyoma, and subjected to paraffin embedding. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure expression of HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt, and TUNEL technique was used to detect apoptosis of keratinocytes in these paraffin?embedded tissue sections. Microvessel density (MVD)was assessed by counting CD34?labeled vascular endothelial cells. Results HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt were moderately or strongly expressed in lichen planus lesions, but absent or weakly expressed in normal skin of controls, and the expression of HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt was significantly higher in the lichen planus group than in the control group (all P < 0.01). HIF?1α was mainly expressed in nuclei of keratinocytes, while VEGF and P?Akt were expressed in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. In addition, the lichen planus group showed significantly increased MVD(21.27 ± 6.54 vs. 10.26 ± 1.10 microvessels/high?power(200 ×)field, t = 5.607, P < 0.01)and apoptosis rate of keratinocytes(72.81% ± 9.234% vs. 28.16% ± 3.464%, t = 8.431, P < 0.01) compared with the control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between HIF?1αand VEGF expression, between VEGF and P?Akt expression, and between P?Akt and HIF?1αexpression in the lichen planus group(r=0.625, 0.453, 0.455, respectively, all P<0.01), and expression of HIF?1α, VEGF and P?Akt was all positively correlated with MVD(r=0.721, 0.646, 0.671, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusion HIF?1αand its downstream target genes VEGF and P?Akt may play a certain role in the occurrence of lichen planus.
RESUMO
Objective: Through the application of the financial early warning system based on sustainable growth, prevent financial risks and promote the sustainable development of the hospital. Methods:Correct single variable early warning model, add the sustainable growth rate index and build up financial early warning system based on sustainable growth. Results: New financial early warning system could make judgement on the potential financial risk in hospital and the early warning effect is good. Conclusion: The new financial early warning system provides identification method of intuitive financial risk for hospital managers, the financial risk of the hospital sustainable development could provide advance warning to avoid further crisis.
RESUMO
In order to improve the yield of bacterial cellulose (BC), the fermentation medium of BC-producing strain J2 (Gluconobacter) was optimized, and BC ultra-micro-structure was observed. Initially, Plackett-Burman design was employed to evaluate eight variables which were relevant to BC production. Three statistically significant parameters including yeast extract, ZnSO4, ethanol were selected and other 5 variables were not significant (P > 0.05). The optimized levels of three variables were defined by Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM). BC ultra-micro-structure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with cotton cellulose as comparison. The results indicated that the BC yield under the optimum fermentation medium was 11.52 g/100 mL, which was as 1.35 times as that under the original fermentation medium. The SEM photos manifested that bacterial cellulose ribbon, with a diameter less than 0.1 microm, was less than cotton cellulose ribbon. The bacteria inside the cellulose net were eliminated after the NaOH treatment.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Celulose , Meios de Cultura , Química , Fermentação , Gluconobacter , Biologia Celular , MetabolismoRESUMO
Objective To study the effect of Shendi Tangmaining on T cells and cytokines(TNF-?,IL-6) and the index of immune organ in diabetic rats.Methods Forty eight male SD rats were divided into diabetic group(DM group),aspirin interventing diabetic group(AD group),Shendi Tangmaining interventing diabetic group(SD group),control group(NC group).The count of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ T cell in peripheral boold was detected with flow cytometry(FCM).TNF-? and IL-6 were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The index of the thymus was measured.Results CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ T cell count and thymus index in DM group were significantly lower than in NC group(P