Epidemiological investigation and analysis of a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 on campus in 2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo characterize a cluster epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）on campus in Baotou city and provide evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in universities. MethodsField epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the confirmed cases and close contacts in the cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a university of western China in 2022. Descriptive analysis was utilized to illustrate the epidemic timeline and schematic diagram. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR（RT-PCR） was used to detect the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in the collected samples. ResultsA total of eight students were infected in the cluster epidemic on campus， including 2 confirmed cases and 6 asymptomatic cases. Case A1 infected other 7 students in the same dormitory or on the same floor by close contact. After a 10-day quarantine and medical observation， no further case was reported. The overall incidence rate was 1.22% and the incidence rate among close contacts was 2.24%. ConclusionThis cluster epidemic of COVID-19 is characterized by strong and fast transmission. Repeated contact with no personal protection in confined space is highly vulnerable to cluster epidemic. Prevention of cluster epidemics on campus remains crucial to contain the epidemic. Therefore， it is necessary to strengthen the management of campus containment， interrupt the transmission route， identify close contacts and implement quarantine management as early as possible to avoid the cluster epidemics on campus.

Efficacy of percutaneous curved kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous curved kyphoplasty (PCKP) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 70 patients with OVCF admitted to Third People′s Hospital of Datong from May 2020 to December 2021, including 32 males and 38 females, aged 60-89 years [(73.0±8.7)years]. The patients were treated with PCKP (PCKP group, n=20) or percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) (PVP group, n=50). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, excellent rate of bone cement distribution at postoperative 1 day, and leakage rate of bone cement were compared between the two groups. In addition, anterior height ratio of the injured vertebrae, upper and lower Cobb angle, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) were measured preoperatively and at postoperative 24 hours and 3 months. Results:All patients were followed up for 3-4 months [(3.0±0.6)months]. There were no significant differences in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay between the two groups (all P>0.05). At postoperative 1 day, the excellent rate of bone cement distribution was 100% in PCKP group (excellent in 13 patients, good in seven, poor in zero), significantly higher than 82% in PVP group (excellent 21 patients, good in 20, and poor in nine). The leakage rate of bone cement was 0%(0/20) in PCKP group, lower than 20% (10/50) in PVP group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae, upper Cobb angle, lower Cobb angle, VAS and ODI between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). At postoperative 1 day, PCKP group showed significantly higher anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae and significantly lower upper Cobb angle, lower Cobb angle, VAS, and ODI than those in PVP group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). At postoperative 3 months, PCKP group still showed significantly higher anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae and significantly lower upper Cobb angle and lower Cobb angle than those in PVP group ( P<0.05 or 0.01), but there was no significant difference in VAS and ODI between the two groups (all P>0.05). In PCKP group, the anterior height ratio of the injured vertebrae was significantly increased and the upper Cobb angle, lower Cobb angle, VAS, and ODI index were significantly decreased at postoperative 1 day and 3 months when compared with those before operation (all P<0.05). In PVP group, there were no significant changes in the anterior height ratio of the injured vertebrae, upper Cobb angle, and lower Cobb angle at postoperative 1 day and 3 months when compared with those before operation (all P>0.05), but the VAS and ODI were significantly lowered at postoperative 1 day and 3 months when compared with those before operation (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with PVP, PCKP has better diffusion effect of bone cement in the injured vertebrae and lower incidence of bone cement leakage in the treatment of OVCF, which can effectively promote height recovery of the injured vertebrae, relieve the pain early, and improve spinal function.

Effect of fine operation on improvement of preparation outcome of paclitaxel (albumin-binding) intravenous infusion for injection / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect and necessity of fine operation on the improvement of the preparation outcome of paclitaxel (albumin-binding) intravenous infusion for injection.Methods:The detailed refinement of the preparation method in the specification of paclitaxel (albumin-binding) for injection was developed. The fine operation of paclitaxel (albumin-binding) for injection mainly consists of two parts: The mixing method of solvent and drug: including syringe needle length into drug vial, solvent injection speed, state of drug waiting for dissolution, and the shaking speed of the drug vial. The method of extracting the dissolved liquid in the drug vial and injecting it into a 100 ml sterile empty 0.9% sodium chloride injection bottle: including the speed of refilling the 100 ml sterile empty 0.9% sodium chloride injection bottle, and restoring the pressure balance inside and outside the infusion bottle. The effect of fine operation on the preparation of paclitaxel (albumin-binding) for injection was evaluated by comparing the production of foam and the preparation time before and after the implementation of fine operation.Results:Before and after the implementation of fine operation, the foaming rate of the foam in the drug vial decreased from 28.57% (10/35) to 12.50% (12/96), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 4.471, P=0.029); and the foaming rate of the mixed liquid from the drug vial into the 100 ml sterile empty 0.9% sodium chloride injection bottle decreased from 46.15% (6/13) to 9.09% (3/33), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 8.140, P value was 0.004); and the preparation time of single drug was reduced by 3.37 minutes after the implementation of fine operation, the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 79.744, P<0.05). Conclusion:The preparation method of fine operation of paclitaxel (albumin-binding) for injection is operable, safe and reliable. After implementation, it can effectively reduce the production of foam in the drug vial and infusion bottle, improve the stability of drug preparation, shorten the preparation time, and ensure the safe, timely and effective medication for patients.

The study of the correlations between the mass and fat infiltration of intercostal muscles and the severity of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by quantitative CT / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlations between the mass and fat infiltration of intercostal muscles and their severity of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods One hundred and sixty-three COPD patients and 102 normal subjects between August 2015 to March 2017 underwent chest MSCT scans and all data were analyzed retrospectively. All subjects underwent pulmonary function tests (PFT). According to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease(GOLD, updated 2015), the COPD patients were classified into GOLD 1(n=37), GOLD 2(n=46), GOLD 3 (n=48), GOLD 4 (n=32) by pulmonary function results, respectively. The mass and fat infiltrations of intercostal muscles were quantified as the cross-sectional area (CSA) and attenuation of these muscles using CT histogram analysis. Intercostal indexes and attenuation indexes were defined as intercostal CSA and attenuation divided by body mass index(BMI). Comparison of intercostal indexes and attenuation indexes between the COPD and control groups was perfomed using t test. The comparisons between the 4 COPD subgroups were carried out using ANOVA test, and comparison between the two groups by LSD. The correlation between intercostal indexes and attenuation indexes and PFT were evaluated by the Spearman rank correlation test. Results The CSA and attenuation indexes of COPD patients groups were(4.3 ± 2.1) mm2 · m2 · kg-1,(-1.6 ± 6.9)HU · m2 · kg-1, respectively,both were significantly lower than that of the control group [(6.9 ± 1.7)mm2 · m2 · kg-1,(11.6 ± 5.7)HU · m2 · kg-1]. The difference was statistically significant(t=12.82,10.87,P<0.01). The CSA and attenuation indexes of COPD patients in any subgroups and the control group were of significant difference(F=92.79, 8.80, P<0.01).The CSA and attenuation indexes were negatively correlated with the GOLD grades, the difference was statistically significant(r=-0.615,-0.551, P<0.05). Conclusions Mass and fat infiltration of intercostal muscles of COPD patients measured by CT histogram analysis were correlated with their severity of airflow obstruction. In other words, a decrease in intercostal mass and an increase in intercostal fat are associated with worsening of COPD severity.

Effects of Src on cervical cancer cells proliferation and apoptosis through ERK signal transduction pathway / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Src on cervical cancer cells through ERK signal transduction pathway.Methods Experimental study was carried out in vitro.Cervical cancer cell lines Hela (HPV-positive) and C33A (HPV-negative) were treated with Src kinase inhibitor PP2.Then,the cell cycle and apoptosis of each group were evaluated by using flow cytometry (FCM).Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of the expression of ERK 1/2,c-Fos and c-Jun mRNA and protein respectively.The database was established and analyzed with SPSS statistical software (version 20.0).Results After down-regulating Src,the cell proliferation was inhibited and cell apoptosis was induced.The proportions of G0/G 1 stage of Hela and C33A cell in cell cycle increased while G2/M and S stages decreased.Meanwhile,the mRNA levels of ERK 1,ERK 2,c-Fos and c-Jun increased.And the expression levels of ERK 1/2,phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2)and phosphorylated c-Fos (p-c-Fos) protein decreased,while c-Jun and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun)protein expression increased.In addtion,the change level of Hela cell,p-ERK 1/2 and c-Fos protein were lower than that of C33A cell before and after the Src inhibition.Conclusions Src,involved in regulating the expression of key factors of the ERK signal transduction pathway including p-ERK 1/2 and p-c-Fos,might be capable of promoting the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and inhibiting their apoptosis.The infection with HPV might have adjustable effect on this process.

Effects of Src on cervical cancer cells proliferation and apoptosis through ERK signal transduction pathway / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Src on cervical cancer cells through ERK signal transduction pathway.Methods Experimental study was carried out in vitro.Cervical cancer cell lines Hela (HPV-positive) and C33A (HPV-negative) were treated with Src kinase inhibitor PP2.Then,the cell cycle and apoptosis of each group were evaluated by using flow cytometry (FCM).Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of the expression of ERK 1/2,c-Fos and c-Jun mRNA and protein respectively.The database was established and analyzed with SPSS statistical software (version 20.0).Results After down-regulating Src,the cell proliferation was inhibited and cell apoptosis was induced.The proportions of G0/G 1 stage of Hela and C33A cell in cell cycle increased while G2/M and S stages decreased.Meanwhile,the mRNA levels of ERK 1,ERK 2,c-Fos and c-Jun increased.And the expression levels of ERK 1/2,phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2)and phosphorylated c-Fos (p-c-Fos) protein decreased,while c-Jun and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun)protein expression increased.In addtion,the change level of Hela cell,p-ERK 1/2 and c-Fos protein were lower than that of C33A cell before and after the Src inhibition.Conclusions Src,involved in regulating the expression of key factors of the ERK signal transduction pathway including p-ERK 1/2 and p-c-Fos,might be capable of promoting the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and inhibiting their apoptosis.The infection with HPV might have adjustable effect on this process.

Interaction between folate deficiency and aberrant expression related to fragile histidine triad gene in the progression of cervical cancerization / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the interaction between folate deficiency and aberrant expression related to fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in the progression of cervical cancerization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total number of 80 patients with histological diagnosis of cervix inflammation (CI), 55 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm I (CIN I), 55 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm II/III (CIN II/III) and 64 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were included in this study. Levels of serum folate were detected by microbiological assay method and the methylation status of FHIT gene CpG islands was tested by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). FHIT protein levels were measured by Western blot. In vitro, cervical cancer cell lines CaSki (HPV16-positive) was treated with different concentrations of folate. Proliferation and apoptosis of cells, methylation of FHIT gene and the levels of FHIT protein expression were measured in each group. All analyses were performed with SPSS (version 17.0) statistical software. Differences among groups were assessed by chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman correlation, and the interaction effects were evaluated by additive model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of serum folate (H = 59.08, P < 0.001) and FHIT protein expression (H = 50.93, P < 0.001) decreased gradually along with the severity of cervix lesions, while the methylation rates of FHIT gene CpG islands increased (trend χ² = 28.34, P < 0.001). Both levels of serum folate levels and FHIT protein expression were positively correlated (r = 0.213, P = 0.001), with an additive interaction seen between them in CIN I, CIN II/III, SCC groups. In vitro, both rates related to proliferation inhibition (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) and apoptosis (r = 0.99, P < 0.001) together with the levels of FHIT protein expression (r = 0.97, P < 0.001) were all increased gradually with the increase of folate concentration while the methylation status of FHIT gene CpG islands all changed from positive to negative gradually.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results from our study revealed that both folate deficiency and FHIT protein aberrant low expression might increase the risk of developing cervical cancer and cervix precancerous lesions, and thus play a synergistic action in the progression of cervical cancerization.</p>

Effects of folate deficiency with HPV16 infection on cervix cancerization / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between folate in serum,red blood cell (RBC),cervix cancerization,as well as the interaction between folate deficiency and HPV16 infection in cervix cancerization.Methods 254 samples were selected from the patients who were newly pathologically diagnosed of having cervix inflammation (CI),low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅰ),high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).PCR and microbiological assay were adopted to detect HPV infection and folate concentration.Results Rates of HPV16 infection increased with the severity of cervix cancerization (tend:x2=34.96,P＜0.001),while decreased with concentrations of serum and RBC folate (tend:x2=42.17,P＜0.001; tend:x2=31.39,P＜0.001).There was a positive correlation between serum and RBC folate (r=0.405,P＜0.001).Data from grouping analysis showed that OR and aOR of serum and RBC folate appeared a rising trend,with statistical significance in CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲand SCC,but did not show the same trend in CIN Ⅰ.Results from interaction analysis showed that serum folate deficiency had an additive interaction with HPV16 infection in CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ and SCC,while RBC folate having an additive interaction with HPV16 infection in the whole process of cervix cancerization.Conclusion Both serum and RBC folate deficiency could increase the risk of cervix cancerization,and folate deficiency might have a synergic action with HPV 16 in this procession.