Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation can relieve depression and improve cognitive functioning among the elderly / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any effect of repeated application of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on depression and the cognition of depressed elderly persons.Methods:Eighty-six elderly persons with depression were randomly divided into an rTMS group and a control group, each of 43. In addition to anti-depressant treatment, the rTMS group was given 20 minutes of 1Hz rTMS daily applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, five times a week for 4 weeks. The control group was given sham treatment on the same schedule. Before the experiment and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the treatment, depression in both groups was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24). At the 4- and 8-week evaluations the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A) were also administered.Results:Before the treatment there were no significant differences in the 2 groups′ average HAMD or WCST scores. At each subsequent evaluation both groups′ average HAMD score had decreased significantly. After 3 weeks the average HAMD score of the rTMS group consistently remained significantly lower than the control group′s average. At the 4- and 8-week evaluations both groups′ WCST and TMT-A scores had improved significantly compared with before the treatment, with significantly greater improvement in the rTMS group′s average WCST result, though not in their TPT-A result. There was no signi-ficant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups.Conclusion:As a supplement to antidepressant treatment, right-side low-frequency rTMS can relieve depressive symptoms and improve the cognitive functioning of depressed elderly persons. It is well tolerated with few adverse reactions.

Survey on status quo of reception of pediatric patients by general practitioners in Longhua District of Shenzhen / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo and related issues of reception of pediatric patients by general practitioners in community health centers in Longhua District of Shenzhen through qualitative and quantitative studies.Methods:In qualitative study, 10 general practitioners (GPs) from community health centers in Longhua District of Shenzhen were selected by the purpose sampling method for personal in-depth interviews. The interview contents were recorded and transcribed, then coded by Nvivo software. Theme frame analysis method was used for data sorting and theme extraction. Based on the results of qualitative interviews, the questionnaire was developed and distributed through the electronic questionnaire platform. The contents of the questionnaire included general information, the situation of pediatric patient reception in community health centers, the willingness and ability of GPs to receive children, the existing problems and the measures to promote receiving pediatric patients in community health centers.Results:The results of personal in-depth interviews with 10 GPs showed that the obtained information reached saturation. Through repeated reading, induction and analysis of the interview data, four themes were extracted: ① GPs in community health centers received a large number of pediatric outpatients with common diseases; ② GPs in community health centers are willing to receive child patients, but they were lack of ability; ③ there were many problems of pediatric patients reception in community health centers; ④ training and incentive policies would help to promote child patient reception in community health centers. A total of 223 electronic questionnaires were collected, 219 of which were valid for analysis. All the community health centers in Longhua District received pediatric patients, the number accounted for 20%-60% of the total outpatients; 84.5%(185/219)of the responders were willing to receive child patients, 65.8% (144/219)of them assumed that the consulting ability was average. The main problems for GPs to receive pediatric patients were "insufficient training" (76.7%,168/219) and "lack of consulting ability" (55.3%,121/219). The important measures to promote GPs to receive child patients were to improve their own clinical competence (94.1%,206/219), to have clinical faculty with pediatric background mentoring at the community health center (74.9%,164/219), to improve the supporting facilities (42.9%,94/219) and continuous professional support (38.8%,85/219).Conclusion:The status quo of pediatric patient reception in the community of Shenzhen Longhua District is generally satisfactory. The main problems in this aspect are insufficient training for general practitioners and lack of clinical competence, which should be strengthened and improved in the future.

Analysis of perioperative blood transfusion and the influencing factors of mass-transfusion in patients underwent heart transplantation / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To provide references for clinical prediction of blood preparation and blood consumption, as well as the influencing factors of mass-transfusion by analyzing the perioperative blood transfusion in patients underwent heart transplantation. 【Methods】 The blood transfusions of 44 patients with heart transplantation completed in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of our hospital from March 2014 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patient information included age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, relevant medical history, history of cardiac surgery, and history of antithrombotic medication. The risk factors of perioperative red blood cell transfusion in patients with heart transplantation were analyzed by univariate analysis method and multivariate logistic regression method. 【Results】 All 44(100%) heart transplant patients received blood components: the average transfusion units of red blood cells was 3.75(0, 7.5) U (72.73%), plasma 1 140 (597.5, 1782.5) mL (97.73%), cryoprecipitate 10(9.5±10) U(88.64%), platelets 1(1, 1.25) therapeutic amount (86.36%). The rate of massive transfusion of red blood cells was 45.45% (20/44). The univariate analysis found that there were significant differences in preoperative use of antithrombotic drugs, blood loss, and cardiopulmonary bypass time between the red blood cell transfusion group≤4 U (n=24) and the red blood cell transfusion group >4 U (n=20) (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative antithrombotic drug treatment (n=15) was OR 5.900, 95%CI 1.313~26.521(P<0.05) and cardiopulmonary bypass time was OR 1.024, 95%CI 1.000~1.049(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The perioperative transfusion rate of blood components in cardiac transplant patients was high. The preoperative use of antithrombotic drugs, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass are risk factors for massive red blood cell transfusion.

Cost-utility Analysis of 3 Antiemetic Regimens to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Multi-day Cisplatin- containing Chemotherapy Based on the Real World / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for clinical decision-making related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting（CINV）. METHODS ：The medical records of patients diagnosed as malignant tumor receiving multi-day cisplatin-containing chemotherapy in our hospital were collected by hospital information system from Jan.-Dec. 2012. The medical records were divided into tropisetron group ，ramosetron group and palonosetron group according to different schemes of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist. The covariates of 3 groups were balanced by propensity score matching method ；cost-utility analysis was conducted for the 3 matched antiemetic schemes ；one-way sensitivity analysis and sampling uncertainty analysis were also conducted. RESULTS ： The results of cost-utility analysis showed that treatment cost of one observation period of tropisetron group was 237.71 yuan and utility were 0.054 68 QALYs；that of ramosetron group was 242.37 yuan and utility were 0.055 26 QALYs，and that of palonosetron group was 319.24 yuan and utility were 0.055 76 QALYs. Compared with tropisetron group ，the ICER of palonosetron group was 75 155.69 yuan/QALY；Compared with ramosetron group ，the ICER of palonosetron group was 152 062.07 yuan/QALY. Both of them were lower than 3 times of China ’s 2020 per capita GDP （217 341 yuan/QALY）. The results of sensitivity analysis and sampling uncertainty analysis demonstrated that the results of basic analysis were robust. CONCLUSIONS ：Under the current drug price，the antiemetic regimen based on palonosetron is more economical for the prevention of CINV caused by multi-day chemotherapy containing cisplatin.

Survey on continuing medical education needs of pediatricians working at county-level medical institutions in nine provinces of China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the pediatricians' needs in the contents of continuing medical education (CME), and the influencing factors of participating in CME, so as to provide references for improving their vocational ability.Methods:Questionnaire survey was carried out for the pediatricians from county-level medical institutions in the nine provinces of China. The questionnaire contents included: basic information, CME contents needs, and influencing factors of participating in CME. SPSS 22.0 was used for chi-square test.Results:A total of 465 questionnaires was recovered, among which 463 were qualified, with a pass rate of 99.6%. Research showed that ① In terms of competency training needs, pediatricians had higher training demand for ability of diagnosis and treatment of children's diseases, pediatrics basic skills and skills related to children's health care, etc. Pediatricians with junior or intermediate title had higher training demand for ability of self-learning and access to learning resources ( P < 0.01); and pediatricians with senior title had higher training demand for teaching ability ( P < 0.05). ② In terms of pediatrics specialty content training needs, pediatricians had higher demand for neonatology, infectious, respiratory, critical medicine, developmental behavior and digestion in order. ③ Regarding the influencing factors of CME, too few opportunities to participate in training, too busy to have time to participate, and defects in curriculum arrangement were the main factors affecting the CME participation of pediatricians. Conclusion:Pediatricians with different professional title had different training needs for CME contents. Lack of CME resources, contradiction between work and study, and curriculum arrangement deficiencies might be the main influencing factors affecting the CME participation of pediatricians working at county-level medical institutions.

Epidemiology of stroke and its risk factors in Shandong province, China / 中华神经科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the stroke burden (prevalence, incidence, and mortality) and its risk factors for men and women, urban and rural residents at the provincial level in Shandong province.@*Methods@#This study formed part of the National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China (NESS-China). This population-based study included 25 190 adults living in Shandong province and was conducted in 2013. The data were derived from eight disease surveillance points (DSPs). They were located in Qingdao Shibei district, Zaozhuang Xuecheng district, Yantai Zhifu district, Laiwu Laicheng district, Yantai Penglai, Weifang Gaomi, Zaozhuang Yiyuan, Linyi Junan. All living subjects who had suffered a stroke by August 31, 2013 were considered as having a prevalent stroke. Incident stroke was defined as a first-ever stroke (both fatal and non-fatal) between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2013. Fatal cases of incident strokes were used to estimate stroke mortality rate. Stroke cases were subcategorized as follows: ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Stroke cases with no brain imaging within the first week of stroke onset or cases where the results of imaging were not available were classified as stroke of undetermined pathological type (UND).@*Results@#Of the 25 190 participants, 449 had experienced a prevalent stroke, 118 participants were diagnosed as having an incident stroke, 33 fatal cases were identified over the 12-month period. The crude rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 782.5 per 100 000 people, 468.4 per 100 000 person-years and 131.0 per 100 000 person-years. The age-standard rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 059.0 per 100 000 people, 279.7 per 100 000 person-years, and 76.0 per 100 000 person-years. Compared to women, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among men (1 463.3 per 100 000 people vs 2 265.0 per 100 000 people). Compared to urban residents, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among rural residents (563.7 per 100 000 people vs 2 203.6 per 100 000 people). Among all prevalent cases, there were 348 people suffering from IS, 75 cases suffering from ICH, 6 cases suffering from SAH, and 20 cases of UND. The prevalece rates of IS, ICH, SAH and UND were 1 385.5 per 100 000 people, 301.7 per 100 000 people, 23.8 per 100 000 people and 79.4 per 100 000 people, respectively. The three most prevalent risk factors in stroke cases were hypertension (66.4%), current smoking (26.1%), and alcohol drinking (24.9%).@*Conclusions@#Stroke was highly prevalent in Shandong province, China. The prevalence and incidence rates of stroke were significantly greater for men than women. Large geographical variations in the stroke burden were also observed in Shandong province, with a greater stroke burden observed in rural areas.

Epidemiology of stroke and its risk factors in Shandong province, China / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the stroke burden (prevalence, incidence, and mortality) and its risk factors for men and women, urban and rural residents at the provincial level in Shandong province. Methods This study formed part of the National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China (NESS?China). This population?based study included 25 190 adults living in Shandong province and was conducted in 2013. The data were derived from eight disease surveillance points (DSPs). They were located in Qingdao Shibei district, Zaozhuang Xuecheng district, Yantai Zhifu district, Laiwu Laicheng district, Yantai Penglai, Weifang Gaomi, Zaozhuang Yiyuan, Linyi Junan. All living subjects who had suffered a stroke by August 31, 2013 were considered as having a prevalent stroke. Incident stroke was defined as a first?ever stroke (both fatal and non?fatal) between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2013. Fatal cases of incident strokes were used to estimate stroke mortality rate. Stroke cases were subcategorized as follows:ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Stroke cases with no brain imaging within the first week of stroke onset or cases where the results of imaging were not available were classified as stroke of undetermined pathological type (UND). Results Of the 25 190 participants, 449 had experienced a prevalent stroke, 118 participants were diagnosed as having an incident stroke, 33 fatal cases were identified over the 12?month period. The crude rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 782.5 per 100 000 people, 468.4 per 100 000 person?years and 131.0 per 100 000 person?years. The age?standard rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 059.0 per 100 000 people, 279.7 per 100 000 person?years, and 76.0 per 100 000 person?years. Compared to women, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among men (1 463.3 per 100 000 people vs 2 265.0 per 100 000 people). Compared to urban residents, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among rural residents (563.7 per 100 000 people vs 2 203.6 per 100 000 people). Among all prevalent cases, there were 348 people suffering from IS, 75 cases suffering from ICH, 6 cases suffering from SAH, and 20 cases of UND. The prevalece rates of IS, ICH, SAH and UND were 1 385.5 per 100 000 people, 301.7 per 100 000 people, 23.8 per 100 000 people and 79.4 per 100 000 people, respectively. The three most prevalent risk factors in stroke cases were hypertension (66.4%), current smoking (26.1%), and alcohol drinking (24.9%). Conclusions Stroke was highly prevalent in Shandong province, China. The prevalence and incidence rates of stroke were significantly greater for men than women. Large geographical variations in the stroke burden were also observed in Shandong province, with a greater stroke burden observed in rural areas.

Summary of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health core sets for individuals with autism spectrum disorders / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by altered social communication,alongside restricted and stereotyped behaviors and interests,bringing a heavy burden to the family and society.International experts develop the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for individuals with ASD.The ICF core sets for ASD will be a tool to describe individual functioning comprehensively.

Correlation between suicide ideation and negative life events among college students / 重庆医学

Objective To understand the occurrence situation of negative life events in the past year among college students with suicidal ideation and to explore the correlation between negative life events and suicidal ideation. Methods The stratified and cluster sampling method was applied to conduct the questionnaire survey on 12 114 students from 11 universities in Chongqing City. The questionnaire of general demographic information was used to learn sociodemographic characteristics;the perspective on personal life questionnaire was applied to evaluate the suicidal ideation within recent 1 month and the self-designed life event scale was used to investigate the occurrence of negative life events in the past 1 year. Results The report rate of suicidal ideation within 1 month was 9.6%, the occurrence rate of short term suicidal ideation was increased with experiencing more negative life events. The x2 test showed that there was statistically significant difference in the proportion of suicidal ideation occurrence between college students experiencing 1 negative life event and those without experiencing the negative life event (x2 = 37.72,P<0.01) ;besides, the occurrence proportion of recent suicidal ideation had statistical difference between the college students with experiencing two or more negative life events and those without experiencing negative life event (x2 = 65.46,P<0.01). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the conflict with other family members (OR=0. 295,95%CI 0. 017-0. 571),abuse (OR=7. 295, 95%CI 6. 049-9. 701) were independentrisk factor for the recent suicidal ideation in college students. Conclusion Experiencing more negative life events, conflicting with other family members and abused by others have a correlation with the appearance of short term suicidal ideation in college students.

Clinical Effect of Qizhi Weitong Granules Combined with Rabeprazole in the Treatment of Reflux Esoph-agitis and Influence on the Levels of Gastrin and Motilin / 中国药师

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Qizhi Weitong granules combined with rabeprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis and the influence on the levels of gastrin and motilin. Methods:Totally 80 cases of patients with reflux esophagitis were se-lected, and then randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 40 cases in each. The control group was treated with rabeprazole, and the observation group was treated with Qizhi Weitong granules additionally. After 4-week treatment, the clinical effect and the influence on the levels of gastrin and motilin in the two groups were compared. Results:By comparing the clinical effect and endoscopic curative in the two groups, the total effective rate of the observation group was 95. 0% and 92. 5%, which was obvious-ly higher than that of the control group. Compared with those before the treatment, the levels of gastrin and motilin in the two groups were significantly improved after the treatment, and the improvement of the observation group was obviously higher than that of the con-trol group with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Qizhi Weitong granules combined with rabeprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis is effective, which can greatly improve the levels of gastrin and motilin and is worthy of further clinical application.

Effect of nasal instillation of vitamin D3 on patient with allergic rhinitis symptoms / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of nasal instillation of vitamin D3 on patients with allergic rhinitis symptoms including nasal itching, sneezing, clear nasal discharge, and nasal congestion.@*METHOD@#Thirty subjects with allergic rhinitis proved by skin prick test (SPT) and 30 subjects with deviated septum alone were recrui ted and administrated with 300 000 IU of vitamin D3 by nasal instillation weekly. Seven days after the intervention, the four major symptoms including nasal itching, sneezing, clear nasal discharge, and nasal congestion were evaluated by score.@*RESULT@#After intranasal instillation of vitamin D3, the symptoms in allergic rhinitis group in cluding nasal itching, sneezing, nasal discharge and nasal congestion, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level has statistical differences (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Vitamin D3 could be well absorbed through nasal mucosa. It demonstrated to have significantly effect on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to improve the symptoms for patients with allergic rhinitis. Vitamin D3 may be a kind of adjuvant therapy for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Relationship Between Framingham Risk Score for Coronary Artery Disease and Cognitive Function in Healthy Community Elders / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To study the relationship between Framingham risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD) and cognitive function in healthy community elders. Methods: A total of 276 healthy community elders were evaluated by Framingham score to predict the risk for suffering from CAD in 10 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups. High risk group (the risk > 20%), n=46, Mid risk group (the risk at 10%-20%), n=76 and Low risk group (the risk Results: With the increased CAD incidence from Low risk, Mid risk to High risk groups, the MMSE score reduced accordingly (26.9 ± 1.45) vs (24.3 ± 1.53) vs (22.2 ± 1.43), P=0.014. Pearson analysis presented that MMSE score was negatively related to Framingham risk score (r=-0.213, P Conclusion: CAD risk level was negatively related to cognitive function, the higher Framingham risk score resulted in the lower cognitive function in healthy community elder subjects.

Dynamic changes of kinesin family member 17 protein expression in the pilocarpine-induced rat model / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the kinesin family member 17 (KIF17) expression and cellular localization in the hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex in the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy,and discuss its function in the epilepsy pathogenesis.Methods The animal model was established by lithiumpilocarpine induction in rats.Totally 49 adult healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n =7) and experimental group (n =42).The experimental group included 6 subgroups (n =7)according to sacrifice time (24 h,72 h,7 d,14 d,1 month and 2 months).The expression and localization of KIF17 were examined by western blot and double-label immunofluorescence,respectively.Results In rat hippocampus,the expression of KIF17 protein increased after the onset of seizure (the ration of KIF17/β-actin were:24 h 0.516 ± 0.196,72 h 0.742 ± 0.313),reached its peak in 7 days (0.888 +0.319)and then slowed down (14 d 0.770 ± 0.271,1 month 0.742 ± 0.261,2 months 0.714 ± 0.271),all of which were significantly higher than that in the control group (0.495 ± 0.203).And all the differences had statistical significance (t =7.051,4.974,7.419,8.795,8.264,6.676,all P ＜ 0.05).In rat cortex of temporal lobe,the expression of KIF17 protein increased after the onset of seizure and reached its peak in 30 d.The optical density ration in the experimental groups were higher than that in the control group.Doublelabel immunofluorescence disclosed that the KIF17 localized in the neurons,including excitable neurons and inhibitory neurons,but not in the astrocytes which were performed with anti-microtubule-associated protein 2,anti-brain-specific Na-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter,anti-glutamate decarboxylase 1 and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein,respectively.Conclusion KIF17 may play a potential role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy.

Effect of Air Quality in Two Kinds of Operating Rooms on Abdominal Incision Site Infection / 中华医院感染学杂志

4 h,and for class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ operation.

Air Quality Between Two Types of Operating-rooms:A Comparative Analysis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To learn about the factors affecting the quality of the air in operating-rooms and discuss the methods of improving their air quality.METHODS The dynamic and static air bacteriology between laminar air flow operating-room and normal operating-room of a fertiary care level hospital of grade Ⅰ in Changchun were observed.RESULTS The passing rate of samples for air static bacteriology between two types of operating rooms at the begining of selective operations(T0) was without difference.At the begining of emergency operations,there was a disparity.The total number of bacteria in normal operating-room increased with the operating-time,but in the laminar flow operating-room,the total number of bacteria increased in fluctuations during the(T2) time(60 ming since operation begain),and descended dramatically during the(T3) time(90 min since operation).CONCLUSIONS The emergency and operation-time are the main factors affecting the air quality in operating-room and the cleaning air-condition could improve the air quality.

Biochemical markers of bone turnover / 基础医学与临床

The bone turnover markers are composed of the metabolic products of bone matrix and bone cells.The changes of these markers in serum and/or urine represent the status of bone metabolism.To measure the level of these markers will offer important information for evaluating the diagnosis and the responses of therapy in metabolic bone diseases,and to predicat the risk of bone fracture.The biochemistry,measurement and clinical aplication will be introduced in this paper.

Association between osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density of pre- and post-menopause Han women from Beijing areas / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a genetic disease associated with many enes. To date, the genes that regulate bone mass are incompletely defined.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of steoprotegerin (OPG) gene promoter with bone mineral density (BMD) in remenopausal and postmenopausal women.DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: Peking Union Medical College Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: In July 2002, 495 Han nationality women selected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were non-related volunteers and gave their informed consent prior to the study, which included 306 premenopausal women aged 20-39 years, 189 postmenopausal women aged 50-84 years.METHODS: ① BMD measurement: BMD was measured at the Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ② Genotyping: Whole blood genome DNA was extracted by QIAGEN DNA extraction kit. The PCR product and the result of endonuclease digest were confirmed by sequencing (Bioasia Biotechnology,Shanghai, China). The impact of the polymorphisms on BMD was also investigated using multiple Logistic regression.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Distribution of OPG genotypes and the relationship with BMD. ② Association between OPG polymorphisms and osteoporosis.RESULTS: All 495 subjects were involved in the final analysis. ① These polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2= 0.056 -0.222, P＞ 0.05). The frequencies of genotypes of these subjects were as follows: AA (70.1%), AG (26.9 %), GG (3.0 %) for 163A→G polymorphism; TT (71.3 %), TG (25.9 %), GG (2.8 %) for 245T→G polymorphism. BMD was lower in premenopausal women with GG +AG genotype than AA genotype for 163A→G polymorphism, so did GG+TG genotype than TT genotype for 245T→G polymorphism. But there was no significant difference. BMD was lower in postmenopausal women with AG+GG genotype than AA genotype for 163A→G polymorphism at Lumbar Spine 2-4, Femoral Neck, Ward's triangle and Trochanter (P ＜ 0.05). For 245T→G polymorphism, BMD of postmenopausal women with TG+GG genotype was lower at Femoral Neck,Ward's triangle and Trochanter than TT genotype (P ＜ 0.05). For 245T→G polymorphism, BMD of postmenopausal women with TG+GG genotype was lower at Femoral Neck, Ward's triangle, and Trochanter than TT genotype (P ＜ 0.05). ② Age, weight, height, years since menopause, and 163A→G/245T→G genotypes were sewed as covariates. AG+GG genotype was contributed to low BMD at Lumbar Spine 2-4 and Ward's triangle (OR =2.045, OR=2.956, P ＜ 0.05, 95% CI 1.05-6.7). TG+GG genotype was risk factor for osteoporosis at Lumbar Spine 2-4, Ward's triangle,and Trochanter (OR=2.059, OR=2.859, OR=2.123, P ＜ 0.05, 95% CI 1.04-6.5).CONCLUSION: BMD was lower in postmenopausal women with the variant G allele for 163A→G and 245T→G polymorphisms at Femoral Neck,Ward's triangle, and Trochanter. The variant allele G may associate with lower BMD in postmenopausal women.