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Objective To investigate the risk factors of periprosthetic femoral fracture(PFF)after total knee arthroplasty(TKA)in the elderly and to construct a predictive model for the prevention of PFF after clinical operation.Methods The clinical data of 537 elderly patients who underwent TKA in the orthopedic department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Medical University from October 2016 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The occurrence of PFF during the follow-up period was statistically analyzed and the clinical data were collected.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of PFF after TKA in the elderly,and a predictive model of PFF after TKA in the elderly was constructed based on the risk factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow(H-L)were used to test the discrimination and calibration of prediction model.Results The patients were followed up for 12 to 72 months after discharge,with a median time of 47 months.During the follow-up period,31 patients(5.77%)developed PFF.Age,osteoporosis,Parkinson's disease and anterior femoral notch(AFN)were the risk factors for PFF after TKA in the elderly(P<0.05),and cross fixation of prosthesis and bone cement fixation were the protective factors(P<0.05).The results of H-L test showed that the risk prediction model of PFF after TKA in the elderly had good calibration(P>0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the risk prediction model of PFF after TKA in the elderly has high discrimination(area under the curve was 0.858,95%CI:0.826 to 0.887),the sensitivity was 83.87%,the specificity was 88.34%.Conclusion The risk of PFF after TKA in the elderly is high,and prevention should be carried out according to the high risk factors.The prediction model constructed based on the high risk factors has good prediction efficiency.
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This paper outlines the common aspects of constructing integrated urban medical groups,focusing on governance,organizational restructuring,operational modes,and mechanism synergy.It then delves into the challenges in China's group construction,highlighting issues with power-responsibility alignment,capacity evolution,incentive alignment,and performance evaluation.Finally,the paper suggests strategies to enhance China's compact urban medical groups,focusing on governance reform,capacity building,benefit integration,and performance evaluation.
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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of death in cardiovascular disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an important method for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), and it has greatly reduced the mortality of ACS patients since its application. However, a series of new problems may occur after PCI, such as in-stent restenosis, no-reflow phenomenon, in-stent neoatherosclerosis, late stent thrombosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias, which result in the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) that seriously reduce the postoperative benefit for patients. The inflammatory response is a key mechanism of MACE after PCI. Therefore, examining effective anti-inflammatory therapies after PCI in patients with ACS is a current research focus to reduce the incidence of MACE. The pharmacological mechanism and clinical efficacy of routine Western medicine treatment for the anti-inflammatory treatment of CHD have been verified. Many Chinese medicine (CM) preparations have been widely used in the treatment of CHD. Basic and clinical studies showed that effectiveness of the combination of CM and Western medicine treatments in reducing incidence of MACE after PCI was better than Western medicine treatment alone. The current paper reviewed the potential mechanism of the inflammatory response and occurrence of MACE after PCI in patients with ACS and the research progress of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatments in reducing incidence of MACE. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research and clinical treatment.
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Humanos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Doença das Coronárias , Resultado do Tratamento , Stents/efeitos adversosRESUMO
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical appropriateness and application value of the peroxidase (POD) method for the detection of unbound bilirubin (UB) in neonatal serum. MethodsHydrogen peroxide (0.33 mol/L) and three different final concentrations (0.019, 0.038, 0.075 μg/mL) of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were added to standard bilirubin solution (1, 2, 3 μmol/L) to obtain a standardized HRP primary rate constant Kp. Then 25 μL of neonatal serum was diluted by 41.6 fold, and measured with 2.4 and 4.8 μg/mL HRP at 37 ℃ under the dark, to determine the UB concentration. The accuracy, precision, and stability of the methodology were validated. The clinical characteristics of 33 jaundiced neonates were collected, including total serum bilirubin (TSB), indirect bilirubin (IDB), albumin (ALB), bilirubin to albumin molar ratio (BAMR), etc. The experimental data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8.0. ResultsA standardized Kp of (7.20±1.08) mL·μg-1·min-1 was determined at pH 7.4±0.2, 37 ℃ in the dark. The HRP activity and UB concentrations remained stable at -20 ℃ for 3 weeks and a week, respectively. The mean intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation of the serum samples with different UB concentrations were less than 10%. In this study, the UB concentrations in 33 jaundiced neonates (gestational age ≥35 weeks) were measured by the POD method in the range of (0.32~1.20) μg/dL, which was positively correlated with TSB, IDB and BAMR. Of the five infants whose UB concentrations measured more than 1 μg/dL, three received intensive phototherapy (60%). ConclusionsThe POD method combined with a standard equipment spectrophotometer to detect serum UB concentrations in neonates is easy to operate, rapid to detect, and low cost. This method has good accuracy and precision, which is convenient for clinical implementation. Moreover, the measurement of serum UB may assist us in better management of neonatal jaundice in clinical practice.
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Objective: To understand the characteristics and current situation of high risks related to cardiovascular disease among residents aged 35-75 in Beijing and to provide scientific reference for the formulation and improvement of cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods: According to the data of the Cardiovascular Disease Screening and Management Program in Beijing, 93 520 participants aged 35-75 in 8 districts of Beijing were selected for analysis. We used the χ2 test to compare the high-risk prevalence of cardiovascular disease in different population characteristics. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between population characteristics and the high risks of cardiovascular disease. Results: The prevalence of high-risk cardiovascular disease was 20.82% (19 471/93 520). The prevalence of high-risk population in the 65-75 years-old was significantly higher than those of other age groups [29.05% (5 151/17 733), χ2=3 359.37, P<0.001], and the prevalence increased with age (trend χ2=3 121.75, P<0.05). The prevalence of high risk in males was significantly higher than that of women (31.19%, 10 752/34 476 vs. 14.77%, 8 719/59 044, χ2=3 559.87, P<0.05). The most common clustered risk factors appeared as hypertension and diabetes (29.80%, 5 802/19 471), hypertension with smoking (37.84%, 4 069/10 752) in males, and hypertension with diabetes mellitus in females (49.32%, 4 300/8 719), in urban areas (33.62%, 2 571/7 647) and in suburbs (27.33%, 3 231/11 824). Lower education [high school (OR=1.56,95%CI:1.46-1.66), middle school (OR=1.99,95%CI:1.88-2.12), primary school and below (OR=2.28,95%CI:2.12-2.45)], non-Han ethnicity (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.33), unmarried (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.24), drinking alcohol (OR=3.06, 95%CI: 2.94-3.19), obesity (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.77-1.93), overweight (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.36-1.47), etc., were positively correlated with the high risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: We noticed that the prevalence of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease aged 35-75 years was around 20% in Beijing, and the proportion in males was higher than females. Low education, drinking, overweight, and obesity were positively correlated with the risks of cardiovascular disease.
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Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pequim/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Hipertensão , Sobrepeso , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
For quantitative analysis of related substances in TSD-1 active pharmaceutical ingredient, structures of prepared impurities were confirmed by NMR and UHPLC-MS, and a high performance liquid chromatographic method was established to determine the related substances in TSD-1. The analytical column was an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipe XDB-C8 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase A was 50 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution (adjusted pH to 5.8 with acetic acid) and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile. The whole run was carried out by gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The resolutions among peaks of TSD-1, impurity A, impurity B, TSD-D, and TSD-F were good. The calibration curves (n = 7) of TSD-1, impurity A, impurity B, TSD-D and TSD-F were linear in their respective weight ranges of 0.242-48.4 µg·mL-1 (r = 1.000 0), 0.244-9.75 µg·mL-1 (r = 0.999 9), 0.244-4.80 µg·mL-1 (r = 0.999 9), 0.254-1.02 µg·mL-1 (r = 0.999 9), and 0.247-0.987 µg·mL-1 (r = 0.999 9). The lower limits of quantitation were 0.244, 0.244, 0.254, and 0.247 µg·mL-1 for impurity A, impurity B, TSD-D, and TSD-F, respectively, and the average recovery of each impurity ranged from 99.08% to 103.00% with high accuracy. TSD-D and TSD-F were not detected in the three batches of TSD-1 active pharmaceutical ingredients, and impurity A and impurity B were not detected beyond the limit. The established HPLC method is simple, accurate, and suitable for determination of related substances of TSD-1, which can provide a valuable reference for the subsequent development of TSD-1.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the occurrence time of neuralgia and the expression of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetic rats, and to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and pretreatment of EA on the heat pain threshold and expression of P2X7R in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), and to explore the possible mechanism of EA for DNP.@*METHODS@#PartⅠ: Thirty male SD rats were randomly selected from 64 male SD rats as the control group; the remaining rats were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ (10 mg/mL) at a dose of 65 mg/kg to establish the diabetes model, and 30 rats were successfully modeled as the model group. The control group and the model group were divided into three subgroups respectively at 7, 14 and 21 days, with 10 rats in each subgroup. Body mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and thermal pain threshold were recorded at 7, 14 and 21 days after injection; the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot. PartⅡ: Eight SD rats were randomly selected from 35 male SD rats as the blank group, and the remaining 27 rats were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ (10 mg/mL) at a dose of 65 mg/kg to establish the diabetes model. The 24 rats with successful diabetes model were randomly divided into a DNP group, an EA group and a pre-EA group, 8 rats in each group. Fifteen to 21 days after STZ injection, the EA group received EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60), continuous wave, frequency of 2 Hz, 30 min each time, once a day; the intervention method in the pre-EA group was the same as that in the EA group. The intervention time was 8 to 14 days after STZ injection. The body mass, FBG and thermal pain threshold were recorded before STZ injection and 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection; the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot 21 days after injection.@*RESULTS@#PartⅠ: Compared with the control group, in the model group, the body mass was decreased and FBG was increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01), and the thermal pain threshold was decreased 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05), and the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05, P<0.01). PartⅡ: Compared with the blank group, in the DNP group, the body mass was decreased and fasting blood glucose were increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01). Compared with the DNP group, in the pre-EA group, the heat pain threshold was increased 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05), while in the EA group, the heat pain threshold was increased 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01), and the expression of P2X7R in the dorsal horn in the EA group and the pre-EA group was decreased (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The diabetic neuropathic pain is observed 14 days after STZ injection. EA could not only treat but also prevent the occurrence of DNP, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulation of P2X7R expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/terapia , Eletroacupuntura , Neuralgia/terapia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Medula Espinal , Corno Dorsal da Medula EspinalRESUMO
Aim To investigate the effect of TRPC5 gene on the inflammation of cliabetie cardiomyopathy.Methods The biological functions of TRPC5 and the correlation between TRPC5 gene and other genes were analyzed by bioinformatics.Studies were performed in TRPC5 knockout ( TRPC5 ) and C57 mice.Mice were randomly divided into blank control and T2DM model groups, and the model was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (n = 10).The myocardial injury was detected by HE and Masson staining.Hie level of serum IL-1(3, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-7 and creatine kinase was examined by ELISA.Gene and protein expressions of IL-1(3, IL-2, IL-6 and TRPC5 were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.Results By constructing the PPI network and analyses.the TRPC5 gene was identified to internet with a variety inflammatory genes and involved in immunity.The result of pathologieal section showed less myocardial damage and infiltrated immune cells in TRPC5 mice than in C57BL/6J mice.RT-PCR and serum results showed a lower expression of inflammatory factors in myocardium and serum obtained from TRPC5 model mice than in those obtained from C57BL/6J model mice.Conclusions TRPC5 participates in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy by regulating cardio- myocyte inflammation.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the influence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) on the early prognosis of extremely premature infants, and to provide a basis for the management of extremely premature infants and prenatal consultation.@*METHODS@#A total of 179 extremely premature singleton infants who were born from 2017 to 2019 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of PROM, they were divided into two groups: PROM group (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the non-PROM group, the PROM group had significantly higher incidence rates of earlyonset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (@*CONCLUSIONS@#PROM increases the incidence rates of early-onset sepsis and NEC in extremely premature infants and does not increase the incidence rates of other adverse outcomes. For pregnant women with PROM at the risk of extremely preterm delivery, prevention of miscarriage and chorioamnionitis is recommended to prolong gestational weeks, reduce the incidence rate of infection, and thus improve the outcome of extremely premature infants.
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Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Corioamnionite , Enterocolite Necrosante/etiologia , Ruptura Prematura de Membranas Fetais/epidemiologia , Idade Gestacional , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , PrognósticoRESUMO
Three diarylheptanoids were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Zingiber officinale peel by MCI Gel CHP-20, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by MS and NMR spectroscopy techniques: (2S,2'S,3R,3'R,4R,4'R,6R,6'R)-6,6'-bis((S)-1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-2,2'-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)octahydro-2H,2'H-[3,3'-bipyran]-4,4'-diol (1), (E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hept-4-en-3-one (2), and alpinin B (3). Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2-3 were obtained from Zingiber officinale peel for the first time.
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Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are one of the primary transcription factors regulating oxygen balance, and their stability is determined by the hydroxylation state of the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) that is sensitive to oxygen. In recent years, studies have shown that HIFs-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) oxygen-sensing pathway is involved in the process of cellular ferroptosis. Ferroptosis, a new type of cell death, different from necrosis, apoptosis, necrotizing apoptosis, and pyroptosis, is essentially a programmed death caused by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides in cells. This paper focuses on the role and mechanism of the HIFs-PHDs oxygen-sensing pathway in cellular ferroptosis involved in nerve diseases, tumors, lung injury, and chemical nerve damage from three aspects of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glutathione (GSH) synthesis/metabolism. This review will provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for the development of novel drugs targeting the HIFs-PHDs oxygen-sensing pathway and capable of regulating ferroptosis for the treatment of diseases related to ferroptosis such as nervous system diseases and tumors.
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Apoptose , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos , Ferroptose , Oxigênio , Prolil HidroxilasesRESUMO
Five monoterpenoid compounds(1-5) were isolated and purified from the acetone fraction of the aqueous extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens by MCI, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC, and TLC. Their structures were identified with multiple spectroscopical methods including 1 D-NMR, 2 D-NMR, and MS. The five compounds were identified as(2E,6Z)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl-(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylate(1),(2E,6E)-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-die-noic acid(2),(E)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenoic acid(3), linalyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), and β-D-glucopyranoside-(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(5), respectively.Compound 1 was a new monoterpene ester, and compounds 4-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ésteres , Monoterpenos , RizomaRESUMO
We separated and purified five chemical constituents of dried ginger by Diaion HP-20, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Five gingerols were identified by physicochemical properties and MS and NMR spectroscopy techniques: 4-(2-butyl-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (1), 4-(2-hexyl-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (2), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)tridecane-3,5-diol (3), [10]-gingerdiol (4) and 1-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-3-oxodecan-5-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one (5a, 5b). Compounds 1-3, 5a, 5b are new compounds.
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The chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale peel were isolated and purified by various chromatographic separation techniques such as Diaion HP-20, MCI Gel CHP-20, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. Seven terpenoids were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data: (4R,6S)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-4-ol (1), 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-isopropylcyclohex-2-ene-3,4-diol (2), 3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (3), 3-(3-hydroxybutyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one (4), angelicoidenol (5), grasshopper ketone (6), and dihydrophaseic acid (7), in which compounds 1, 2 are new compounds, named: (4R,6S)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-4-ol and 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-isopropylcyclohex-2-ene-3,4-diol, and compounds 3-7 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
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Acupoint medicated catgut embedding therapy is a new type of acupuncture combined with medicine,which has great potential in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. This paper describes the clinical application of acupoint medicated catgut embedding in the treatment of common disease, medicated thread productionmethods and acupoints selection.To analyze the problems of the unclear mechanism, the lack of standardization of medicated thread production, the lag of the embedding tool, and the unclear adverse reaction. It is expected to promote the further development of acupoint medicated catgut embedding therapy by strengthening the mechanism of action, optimizing medicated catgut thread, rational design experiments, standardizing medicated thread production, innovating embedding tools, rational formulation, and optimizing acupoint selection.
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Humanos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Categute , Terapia CombinadaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To study the etiology of macrocytic anemia in elderly patients and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of laborotory tests.@*METHODS@#133 elderly macrocytic anemia patients, whose age>60 years old, hemoglobin100 fL, and bone marrow cell test was performed, and these patients were grouped according to diseases, and the bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, folic acid, vit B12 and serum ferritin were tested, then the results of tests were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The majority of the cases were diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia (MA), myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS), acute leukemia/multiple myeloma (AL/MM) and hemolytic anemia (HA). Usually HA was a simple anemia, while others were accompanied by decrease of other 1 or 2 series. HA patients were often with significant high level of well volume (MCV), red cell distribution width(RDW), reticulocytes (RC) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) (P<0.01). However, MA patients were often with high level of LDH. Serum ferritin (SF) level was significantly higher in both MDS and AL/MM groups (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Common causes of macrocytic anemia in elderly patients are MA, MDS, AL/MM and HA. The combination detection of MCV, RDW, RC, LDH, IBIL and SF contributes to enhancing the accuracy of diagnosis.
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Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anemia Macrocítica , Índices de Eritrócitos , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas , ReticulócitosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of Celastrus Orbiculatus extracts (COE) on metastasis in hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The effect of COE (160, 200 and 240 µ g/mL) on cell viability, scratch-wound, invasion and migration were studied by 3-4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), scratch-wound and transwell assays, respectively. CoCl was used to establish a hypoxia model in vitro. Effects of COE on the expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin were investigated with Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively.@*RESULTS@#COE inhibited proliferation and metastasis of hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers were also remarkably suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). In addition, the upstream signaling pathways, including the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (Hif-1 α) and Twist1 were suppressed by COE. Additionally, the Hif-1 α inhibitor 3-5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), potently suppressed cell invasion and migration as well as expression of EMT in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cells. Similarly, the combined treatment with COE and YC-1 showed a synergistic effect (P<0.01) compared with the treatment with COE or YC-1 alone in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#COE significantly inhibited the tumor metastasis and EMT by suppressing Hif-1 α/Twist1 signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cell. Thus, COE might have potential effect to inhibit the progression of HepG2 in the context of tumor hypoxia.
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Humanos , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Tratamento Farmacológico , Patologia , Celastrus , Química , Hipóxia Celular , Proliferação de Células , Forma Celular , Cobalto , Regulação para Baixo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Células Hep G2 , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Tratamento Farmacológico , Patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais , Farmacologia , Usos Terapêuticos , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To characterize the molecular mechanism underlying the antineoplastic activity of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. extracts (COE).@*METHODS@#The human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) knockdown expressed (HepG2/mTOR) were constructed using molecular biological technology. In vitro, the HepG2/mTOR cells were treated with COE at various concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 µ g/mL). Cell viability was determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. According to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) value (140 mg/L), the concentrations of COE in the subsequent experiment was set to alleviate cytotoxicity. The HepG2/mTOR cells were divided into 5 groups: negative control (untreated), COE treatment groups (40, 80, 120 mg/L COE) and positive control group (cisplatin, DDP, 2 mg/L), respectively. Wild-type HepG2 cells were used as a blank control. The effects of COE on the cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), respectively. The protein expression levels of mTOR signal pathways were determined by Western blotting. In vivo, HepG2/mTOR cells (2 × 10 cell/mice) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of nude mice. Thirty-six female nude mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups according to body weight (6 mice per group) as follows: solvent vehicle control, Banmao Capsule treated group (BM, 195 mg/kg), Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Capsules (10 mg/kg) treated group, and different dosages of COE (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) groups. Tumor growth was monitored and immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in tumor tissues.@*RESULTS@#COE inhibited the proliferation significantly in a concentration-dependent manner in HepG2/mTOR cells (P<0.01). COE significantly induced the apoptosis of HepG2/mTOR cells (P<0.01), and the apoptotic bodies can be observed under TEM. COE significantly inhibits the proteins expression of mTOR-related signal pathways. In vivo, COE significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice (P<0.01). Moreover, the results showed that COE down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and up-regulated the levels of Bax and caspase-3 protein (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#COE was a potential chemotherapeutic drug in HCC treatments via targeting mTOR signal pathway.
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Objective: To establish a method for the determination of fractal dimension of ethanol precipitation flocs in two kinds of root medicinal herbs (Astragali Radix and Isatidis Radix). Method: The ethanol-precipitated flocs of Astragali Radix and Isatidis Radix were taken as the research objects. Firstly, the original microscopic images of the ethanol precipitation flocs were binarized by Ostu algorithm. Secondly, the influence of sampling volume, dilution multiple, image magnification ratio and number of image acquisition sites on fractal dimension was investigated using perimeter-area method. Result: The ethanol precipitation flocs of Astragali Radix and Isatidis Radix had fractal characteristics. At the same time, the stable and reliable fractal dimension of the flocs could be obtained when the sampling volume was 600-800 μL, the sample was diluted to 5-20 times, the microscopic image was enlarged to 200 times or 400 times, and four different image acquisition sites were selected. Conclusion: The established method is stable and feasible, which can provide reference for the fractal theory of ethanol precipitation flocs of root medicinal herbs.
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BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence has shown that visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure (BP) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of VVV of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on the risk of CVD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 10,163 T2DM patients who were not previously diagnosed with CVD from January 2008 to December 2012 in Ningbo, China. The VVV of BP was calculated using five metrics, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), variation independent of mean, average real variability, and successive variability (SV) of measurements, obtained over a 24-month measurement period. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models for the associations of variability in BP with risk of CVD. RESULTS: A total of 894 CVD events were observed during a median follow-up of 49.5 months. The hazard ratio in the highest quintile of SD of SBP was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.52) compared with patients in the lowest quintile. The association between higher VVV of DBP and risk of CVD was not consistent across different metrics and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Higher VVV of SBP was associated with an increased risk of CVD, irrespective of the mean SBP level. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.