Effect of motivational interview on the self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of motivational interviewing on the self-care of type 2 diabetic patients . Methods Totally 96 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group , each group containing 48 patients. The control group received routine diabetes education, while the intervention group received face-to-face and one-by-one motivational interviewing intervention for three months. The patients′self-care level were evaluated by using diabetes self-care scale after intervention. Result After intervention, the score on the self-care behaviors including diet control, exercise therapy, medication , blood glucose monitoring and foot care were significantly higher in the intervention group than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Motivational interviewing can improve the ability of type 2 diabetic patients to control the glycemic level.

Percutaneous transhepatic contrast-enhanced cholangio-ultrasonography:methodology and significances / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To establish the method and assess the safety，feasibility and clinical efficacies of percutaneous transhepaticcontrast-enhancedcholangio-ultrasonography(PTCECUS).Methods Twenty-one patients aged(58.5±16.65)years(range 27-93)with biliary obstruction or stricture underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage or ch01ecystodrainage.A dose of more than 50 ml of 0.94% Sono Vue(Bracco，Itay)solution was injected into their bile ducts(n=17)and cholecysts(n=4)through the drainage catheter.Their biliary tracts，cholecysts and duodenums were scanned under contrast pulsed sequencing mode(CPS，Sequoia 512，Siemens)to achieve related contrast-enhanced ultrasonograms.Severity of biliary obstruction were assessed according to the PTCECUS findingswith a comparison toconventionalultrasonography(CVUS)，magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC)in a part of the patients.Results①PTCECUS gave rise to good-quality contrast-enhanced uhrasonograms of biliary tracts.②PTCECUS was superior to CVUS and in consistence with MRCP and PTC in evaluating the severity of biliary tract obstruction.This method helped to make a proper design for biliary drainage.③PTCECUS was more efficient than PTC in that PTC had the patients receive transhepatic puncture and cholangiography in separated departments.④Neither any complications immediate from transhepatic puncture and administration of SonoVue inall the 21 patients，nor those 1 to 8 months late during ultrasound follow up in 14 patients were found.Conclusions PTCECUS，characterized in bettering the display of biliary tracts，especially the severity of obstruction of biliary tracts，is safe through the procedure and valuable in supervising biliary drainage against obstructive jaundice.

Functional expression of Fas ligand in human colon cancer cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the expression and function of Fas ligand (FasL) in human colon carcinoma cells. Methods: A total of 6 human colon cancer cell lines were examined for FasL mRNA and protein expression, Fas-dependent cytotoxicity and its modulation were detected by using RT-PCR, Western blot and 3H-TdR release assay. Results: FasL mRNA and protein was expressed in all of these 6 cancer cell lines RPMI 4788, HCT-116, DLD-1, LoVo, WiDr and COLO 320DM. Fas-dependent cytotoxicity to hFas transfectant was exerted in part of these cancer cells, such as DLD-1, LoVo and WiDr. The cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by PMA and ionomycin. Conclusion: These data suggest that functional FasL is expressed, at least in part, in human colon cancer cell lines and may help to escape from immune surveillance of the host.

Up-regulation of FasL expression by TNF-? and IFN-? in human colon cancer cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the role of TNF-? and IFN-? in modulation of Fas ligand(FasL) expression in human colon carcinoma cells. Methods: A total of 6 human colon cancer cell lines were examined for FasL protein expression and for TNF-? and IFN-? modulation of FasL expression by Western blot method. Results: The results showed that FasL protein was expressed in all of these 6 cancer cell lines.FasL expression was up-regulated by TNF-? and IFN-? for 10 h in DLD-1 colon cancer cells; FasL expression was also up-regulated by TNF-? and IFN-? as well as PMA plus ionomycin for 10 h in SW620 cells, and further up-regulation was got by TNF-? and PMA plus ionomycin for 48 h in SW620 cells,whereas slight up-regulation was obtained by IFN-?. Conclusion: These data suggest that TNF-? and IFN-? may enhance FasL expression in tumor cells and may facilitate to escape from the immune surveillance of the host.

Change of ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA expression in some organs in sepsis and septic shock rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate changes of the endothelin-1(ET-1) and its receptor (endothelin receptor subtype A, ET AR ) mRNA expression in some organs(kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane) in the sepsis and septic shock rats. Methods: Twenty-four male rats randomized into sepsis group, septic shock group, control and normal group was infused with endotoxin(LPS) via indwelling right atria catheters except normal and control group. RT-PCR was used to detect kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane tissue mRNA expression of the ET-1 , ET AR and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) in every group.Serum BUN, Cr, ALT and A were determined. The arterial oxygen tension (PaO 2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO 2)were measured in every group. Results: ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA expression in the sepsis group and septic shock group were significantly higher than in normal group. There were significant differences between the normal/control group and sepsis/shock group in BUN,Cr,ALT,PaO 2 and PaCO 2. Conclusion: A higher expression of ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA may be one of the startup factors on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and may play an important role on pathogenesis in sepsis and septic shock.

The causes and management of postsplenectomy fever in patients with portal hypertension / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the cause and management of postsplenectomy fever in portal hypertensive patients . Methods The clinical data of 295 portal hypertension patients undergoing splenectomy from 1990 to 2003 were reviewed. Among these,80 patients suffered from a continuous fever higher than 38.5℃ for more than 2 weeks postoperatively. Results Except for two patients with unknown cause, 78 of 295 patients with continuous fever were caused by complications such as splenoportal thrombosis(35 cases), infection of hematocele or hydrops in splenic recess(20 cases), left subphrenic infection(7 cases), pneumonia and hydrothorax or empyema(5 cases), 3 cases each of postoperative abscess of tail of pancreas,winary tract infection and inteclion of surgical incision, 1 case of leakage of esophageal anastomosis and intraabdominal infection in 1 case. The lasting fever was related to the grade of liver function(P0.05). Conclusions Splenoportal thrombosis, and hematocele, hydrops or infection in the splenic recess were the main causes of persistent fever after splenectomy. Prevention and treatment of infection and amelioration of hepatic function will help to reduce the rate of postoperative continuous fever.