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BACKGROUND@#Pain and cartilage destruction caused by osteoarthritis (OA) is a major challenge in clinical treatment.Traditional intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) can relieve the disease, but limited by the difficulty of longterm maintenance of efficacy. @*METHODS@#In this study, an injectable and self-healing hydrogel was synthesized by in situ crosslinking of N-carboxyethyl chitosan (N-chitosan), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), and hyaluronic acid–aldehyde (HA-ALD). @*RESULTS@#This supramolecular hydrogel sustains good biocompatibility for chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of this novel hydrogel can significantly alleviate the local inflammation microenvironment in knee joints, through inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-17) in the synovial fluid and cartilage at 2- and even 12-weeks post-injection. Histological and behavioral test indicated that hydrogel injection protected cartilage destruction and relieved pain in OA rats, in comparison to HA injection. @*CONCLUSION@#This kind of novel hydrogel, which is superior to the traditional HA injection, reveals a great potential for the treatment of OA.
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BACKGROUND@#Pain and cartilage destruction caused by osteoarthritis (OA) is a major challenge in clinical treatment.Traditional intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) can relieve the disease, but limited by the difficulty of longterm maintenance of efficacy. @*METHODS@#In this study, an injectable and self-healing hydrogel was synthesized by in situ crosslinking of N-carboxyethyl chitosan (N-chitosan), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), and hyaluronic acid–aldehyde (HA-ALD). @*RESULTS@#This supramolecular hydrogel sustains good biocompatibility for chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of this novel hydrogel can significantly alleviate the local inflammation microenvironment in knee joints, through inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-17) in the synovial fluid and cartilage at 2- and even 12-weeks post-injection. Histological and behavioral test indicated that hydrogel injection protected cartilage destruction and relieved pain in OA rats, in comparison to HA injection. @*CONCLUSION@#This kind of novel hydrogel, which is superior to the traditional HA injection, reveals a great potential for the treatment of OA.
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The incidence of coronary heart disease is increasing year by year, seriously threatening human health and interests. Plaque rupture and abnormal activation of platelets are key links in the pathogenesis, and they are also the initiators of coronary heart disease. Therefore, timely and effective inhibition of platelet activation is important in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Antiplatelet therapy is an important cornerstone of coronary heart disease treatment. It can not only effectively and significantly reduce the incidence of atherosclerotic ischemic events, but also can reduce the risk of complications after stent implantation. Aspirin combined with clopidogrel is the basis of antiplatelet therapy for patients with coronary heart disease, but the new P2Y12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor is superior to clopidogrel for patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, the latest research results show that East Asian patients with coronary heart disease are prone to bleeding after taking ticagrelor. This makes the application of ticagrelor in East Asian patients unclear. In this paper, the current clinical studies on thromboxane A2 inhibitors, P2Y12 receptor antagonists, glycoprotein (GP) Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors were reviewed, and the benefits and risks of oral antiplatelet therapy were analyzed to provide new perspectives and ideas for related clinical treatment.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and autophagy during liver injury in septic mice.Methods SPF healthy male 32 C57BL/6 mice,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 18-22 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group Sham),sepsis group (group Sep),α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 plus sepsis group (GTS-21+Sep group),and α7nACh antagonist α-BGT plus sepsis plus GTS-21 group (α-BGT+Sep+GTS-21 group).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture.GTS-21 4 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after operation in group GTS-21 +Sep.α-BGT 1 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 15 min before operation,and GTS-21 4 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after operation in group α-BGT+Sep+GTS-21.Blood samples were obtained at 6 h after surgery for determination of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ) and sequestosome-1/p62 (by Western blot) and for examination of the number of autophagosomes in liver cells (under a transmission electron microscope).Results Compared with Sham group,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and sequestosome-1/p62 was significantly up-regulated,the number of autophagosomes was increased,and the serum AST and ALT concentrations were increased in Sep group (P＜0.05).Compared with Sep group,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ was significantly up-regulated,the expression of sequestosome-1/p62 was down-regulated,the number of autophagosomes was increased,and the serum AST and ALT concentrations were decreased in GTS-21 +Sep group (P＜0.05).Compared with GTS-21 +Sep group,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ was significantly down-regulated,the expression of sequestosome-1/p62 was up-regulated,the number of autophagosomes was decreased,and the serum AST and ALT concentrations were increased in α-BGT+Sep+GTS-21 group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can enhance the level of autophagy in liver cells and is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism of sepsis-induced liver injury in septic mice.
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An App for Android intelligent mobile phone to recite prescriptions in rhyme and learn infused pre-scriptions of traditional Chinese medicine was developed in order to meet the requirement of students majoring in traditional Chinese medicine and lovers of traditional Chinese medicine, which can show the assistant and guide of prescriptions in rhyme by different colors. An interface linked with each corresponding traditional Chinese medicine was added into the App to show its picture, properties, effect and application for the interaction between database server and mobile phone users and the aim to recite prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine and learn tradi-tional Chinese medicine.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between inflammatory responses and autophagy in lung tissues after scald and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) signaling pathway in septic rats.Methods Twenty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were divided into control group (group C,n=10) and sepsis after scald group (group SS,n=10) using a random number table.The rats were subjected to a third-degree scald burn covering 20％ of total body surface area (body surface was shaved and then exposed to 99-100 ℃ water for 12 s),and 24 h later muramyldipeptide 5 mg/kg was intravenously injected to induce sepsis.The rats were only exposed to 20 ℃ water,and 24 h later normal saline 1 ml was given instead in group C.At 6 h after muramyldipeptide injection in group SS and at 6 h after normal saline injection in group C,arterial blood samples were collected for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor-r and interleukin-6 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Then rats were sacrificed and lungs were removed tor measurement of activity of myeloperoxidase,NOD2 mRNA expression (using real-time polymerase chain reaction) and expression of receptor interacting protein 2,nuclear factor kappa Bp65 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅰ (LC3 Ⅰ) and LC3 Ⅱ in lung tissues (by Western blot).The LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the expression of NOD2 mRNA,receptor interacting protein 2 and nuclear factor kappa Bp65 was significantly up-regulated,and the LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ ratio and serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 concentrations were increased in group SS (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism underlying enhanced inflammatory responses and autophagy in lung tissues during sepsis after scald may be related to activation of NOD2 signaling pathway in rats.
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BACKGROUND:An electronic moxibustion apparatus that simulates the mechanism of traditional moxibustion therapy is designed and developed to overcome shortcomings of traditional moxibustion therapy, such as non-standardized treatment, limited body position, and production ofsmokeandashduring the treatment. OBJECTIVE:To develop a kind of electronic moxibustion apparatus which simulates the traditional moxibustion therapy and has obtained the patent so as to industrialize and modernize moxibustion therapy. METHODS:Bio-waves launched from far infrared materials are beneficial to the human body. An electronic moxibustion apparatus including time temperature control er and moxibustion head was developed, and the closed loop control technique was used to precisely control the temperature and time. Thermal radiation infrared spectrum that moxibustion head generated could simulate the emission spectrum of moxibustion in combination with wormwood oil coating or drug interval, thereby achieving the therapeutic effect similar to traditional moxibustion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The prototype of DZWJY-1 electronic moxibustion instrument has been developed and its safety and electromagnetic compatibility have been detected in Shanghai Testing&Inspection Institute for Medical Devices, China. Relevant clinical trials are ongoing to verify the efficacy. Preliminary clinical evidence shows that the electronic moxibustion apparatus has the same therapeutic effect to the traditional moxibustion therapy, which realizes the safety and environmental protection of moxibustion therapy and provides objective, standardized and modernized evidence for moxibustion therapy
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Objective: To evaluate the post-operative mortality of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 255 patients with new onset of STEMI who received primary PCI in our hospital and all patients received LVEDP measurement before coronary artery opening. According to LVEDP value, the patients were divided into 2 groups: LVEDP≤14 mmHg group,n=155 and LVEDP>14 mmHg group,n=100. The post-operative mortality up to 6 months was observed, and the effect of LVEDP on death rate was studied by Cox regression analysis. Results: Compared with LVEDP≤14 mmHg group, the patients in LVEDP>14 mmHg group had the 6 months mortality at HR=4.26, 95% CI (1.13-16.08),P=0.03. Relevant study presented that LVEDP was slightly related to LVEF (r=-0.267, P=0.001) and BNP (r=-0.154,P=0.041). Multi-regression analysis indicated that with adjusted LVEF and BNP, LVEDP was the independent predictor for post-operative mortality up to 6 months in acute STEMI patients after PCI. Conclusion: The LVEDP value measured during PCI procedure is the independent predictor for mortality after PCI in patients with new onset of STEMI.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on cell apoptosis during acute lung injury (ALI) induced by two-hit in rats.Methods Thirty male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 240-270 g, were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group Sham), ALI induced by blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock group (group ALI), and penehyclidine hydrochloric group (group PHC).In ALI and PHC groups, the rats were subjected to the combination of chest trauma and hemorrhage (mean arterial pressure 35-40 mmHg mm Hg, lasting for 60 min) to establish a model of ALI.In group PHC, penehyclidine hydrochloric 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before blunt chest trauma.At 8 h after successful establishment of the model, the rats were sacrificed, and lungs were removed for examination of the pathologic changes and for determination of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression (using Western blot), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) content (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) , and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).Apoptotic index was calculated.Results Compared with group Sham, the levels of Bax, caspase-3 and TNF-α and apoptotic index were significantly increased, and Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated in ALI and PHC groups.Compared with group ALI, the levels of Bax, caspase-3 and TNF-α and apoptotic index were significantly decreased, and Bcl-2 expression was up-regulated in group PHC.The pathologic changes of lungs were significantly reduced in group PHC than in group ALI.Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride mitigates ALI induced by two-hit through inhibiting cell apoptosis in rats.
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BACKGROUND: High oxalic acid urine is a risk factor for stone formation. Constructing cel lines with high oxalate metabolic ability using genetic engineering and stem cel technology wil become the effective method to prevent and treat calcium oxalate stone. OBJECTIVE: To construct the adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel lines that can decompose the oxalic acid, through co-transfecting the oxalic acid degradation genes Frc and Oxc of oxalobacter formigenes into the normal adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Frc and Oxc were amplified by PCR, and the eukaryotic expression vectors of pLEGFP-N1-myc-Frc and pBaBE-puro-flag-Oxc were constructed, then co-transfected into the normal adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The non-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the cells transfected with empty vectors were as control. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of the objective genes;the concentration of oxalate in the culture medium after transgenic was determined by ion chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing results showed that the Frc and Oxc genes were successful y amplified, and the vectors of pLEGFP-N1-myc-Frc and pBaBE-puro-flag-Oxc were constructed. After tranfected into the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the Western blot results showed that transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could stably express the target protein myc-formyl coenzyme A transferase enzyme and the flag-oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase; ion chromatography test results showed with the prolonging of the culture time, the concentration of oxalic acid in the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel culture medium transfected with target gene was decreased gradual y. While there was no target protein expression in the non-transfected human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as wel as the cells transfected with empty vectors. The cells had the ability of oxalate-degradation. The experiment successful y constructs the adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel lines that can decompose the oxalic acid, and the cel lines have the ability of oxalate-degradation and can stably express the oxalate decomposition proteins Frc and Oxc.
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Objective To develop a spine traction bed controlled by microcomputer,which can be used to treat patient with its function of TCM(traditional Chinese medicine)hazing diadermic fumigation and spine traction.Methods Modern hazing diadermic principle was utilized to make the effective component absorbed through skin on treating location.At the same time,PID incremental calculation and fuzzy control theory were used in the process of control ling spine traction through real-time closed loop.Through experiment and practice,this product met the standards and had a total effective rate of 96% without any side effects.Results The setting scope of temperature was 35?C-55?C with deviations of temperature controlling,displaying,uniformity and fluctuation less than 2?C.The setting scope of traction controlling was 10-80 kg with testing index less than 2kg both at "dynamic" and "static" status.The whole machine met the pragmatic needs in clinic.Conclusion This product adopts new technology of TCM hazing diadermic fumigation,PID incremental calculation and fuzzy control theory to obtain the goal of "real-time closed control through mechanical and electrical integration".This product can be applied not only in clinic for the need of TCM Tuina,but also in departments of traumatology,orthopedics,physiotherapy and rehabilitation.