Serum manganese in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

50 patients with chronic liver disease were studied in 3 groups: Group A [10 patients without liver cell failure], group B [10 patients with liver cell failure but without encephalopathy], and group C [30 patients with hepatocellular failure and encephalopathy]. 10 normal persons were used as controls. Serum Mn and ammonia concentrations were determined in all subjects. Serum Mn in cirrhotics without hepatocellular failure was significantly lower compared with group B [P <0.05], but it was not significantly different from that in control group. Manganese level was found to be directly correlated to the severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Serum ammonia was found to be higher in patients with encephalopathy than the other groups, however, it didn't correlate significantly with the degree of encephalopathy

Study of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among nurses at Hai Al Jamea hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Fifty eight staff nurses participated in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire that assessed the subjects knowledge and practice of breast self examination [BSE]. The major finding indicated a strong positive correlation between knowledge and practice. It was also found that knowledge and practice did not differ significantly among nurses in relation to exposure to patients with breat cancer. Finally there were no significant differences in BSE knowledge and practice in relation to age and marital status