RESUMO
The circadian rhythm of heart rate is well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the relation between heart rate and oxygen uptake during a graded exercise testing with and without previous exercise. Eight healthy male students, aged 18 to 21 years, performed the graded sub-maximal exercise two times using a treadmill, after walking on a treadmill at a speed of 60 m/min for a total of 4 hours (2 hours in the morning, 2 hours in the afternoon) and without previous prolonged walking. The apparent resting heart rate after one hour of walking in the afternoon (82.3±9.1 beats mm) was higher than in the morning (71.3±5.8 beats/min), and this phenomenon was observed continuously exercise heart rate at the end of 2 hours of walking (afternoon : 96.4±5.4, morning: 87.2±7.3 beats min) . On the other hand, the oxygen uptake during exercise did not alter at the end of walking (afternoon: 622±85, morning: 600±133 ml/min) . This walking intensity ranged from 17.1 to 26.6, with a mean of 20.5 percent of maximal oxygen uptake. The pre-exercise resting heart rate before the exercise testing altered from -4.8 to 13.1 beats/min with and without the presence of walking. The observed individual regression line between heart rate and oxygen uptake from the testing shifted along with the altered resting heart rate. Therefore, the calculated individual new regression lines with and without walking between net heart rate, excluding pre-exercise rest, and oxygen uptake were approximate to a constant line. It was concluded that the exercise energy expenditure could be calculated accurately (-2 to 7 % of errors) using net heart rate, as compared with overestimations of the actual energy cost using the higher resting heart rate.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of walking exercise on the mental activity of 44 elderly patients with slight, long-term cerebral infarction. Walking exercise, mental activity and brain morphology were determined by the number of steps taken per day, modified Hasegawa's dementia scales-R and computed tomography, respectively.<BR>The results are as follows : The average number of steps taken per day for the group of normal mental activity was 3489±1692, for subnormal 2073±980, pre-dementia 1458±1241, and dementia 570±1132. Sylvian fissures enlargement ratio in the normal group was 4.3±1.7%, subnormal was 4.1±0.8%, predementia 6.0±2.3%, dementia 6.3±1.8%.<BR>The difference between the right and left sylvian fissure enlargement ratio in the normal group was 1.8±0.9% (right) vs. 2.5±1.3% (left), subnormal: 1.7±0.4% (right) vs. 2.5±0.5% (left), predementia : 2.6±0.9% (right) vs. 3.4±1.5% (left), dementia: 3.0±1.2% (right) vs. 3.2±0.9% (left) . Cerebrum-cranial cavity ratio in the normal group was 80.6±5.0%, subnormal 78.6±5.0%, predementia 74.6±4.8%, dementia 72.7±3.4%.<BR>The lateral ventricles-cranial cavity ratio for normal was 14.3±4.5%, subnormal 14.7±3.1%, predementia 17.3±3.6%, dementia 16.8±4.7%. The difference between good walking patients (over 1000steps/day) and poor walking patients (less than 1000steps/day) concerning the sylvian fissures-cranial cavity ratio (A), cerebrum-cranial cavity ratio (B) and lateral ventricles-cranial cavity ratio (C) was as follows: (A) 4.4±1.5% vs. 6.4±1.9% (p<0.001), (B) 78.4±6.7% vs. 74.0±3.4% (p<0.05), (C) 15.2±3.9% vs. 16.5±4.5% (ns) .<BR>The above data indicates that there is an interrelationship among walking exercise, mental activity and brain morphology.
RESUMO
We have developed the new dynamometer to measure twist strength of upper limbs that was not investigated sufficiently before. This dynamometer can measure both twisting hold strength and torque at a time. Therefore, it can be applied to motion analysis at demonstrating muscle strength. Both development curve of the age group's average of the average hold strength of left and right hand { (LH⋅HS+RH⋅HS) /2} and the average twisting hold strength of left and right hand { (LF⋅HS+RF⋅HS) /2} showed the peak of development in man's thirties and in woman's twenties-thirties and then marked depreciation gradually with ageing. The average torque of forward twisting of left hand and that of right hand { (LF⋅T+RF⋅T) /2} showed the same tendency in respect of the peak of development too, but woman's curve showed the peak in twenties different from that in man and then didn't mark depreciation remarkably. From the analysis with respect to twisting motion by the subjects of right handedness, we have recognized that the twisting hold strength of right hand by the action of left or right forward twisting (LF·RH·HS, RF·RH·HS) is greater than that of left hand (LF·LH·HS, RF·LH·HS), the torque of forward twisting of left hand (LF·T) is greater than that of right hand (RF·T) and that the hand of back twisting supports the grip-torque dynamometer from the result of EMG. Therefore, we can understand that the stronger torque is generated by the motion of forward twisting of left hand which can support stronger than by that of right hand. But we have recognized too that the average hold strength and the average torque correlate to one another closely. Therefor, we can understand that it requires the stronger hold strength to generate the higher torque.
RESUMO
Students and general long distance runners carried out 1600m run for 24 hours and their physical functions were measured with lapse of the relay. Following results were obtained.<BR>1) Prolongation of mean running time of student long distance runners in 1600m runs appeared at about 8th-10th runs, 12.8-16.0km, but that of general long distance runners did at 5th-6th runs, 8-9.6km.<BR>2) There was plus correlation between mean of running time and its standard deviation in 1600m runs. It was r=0.55 and its regression equation was Y=0.58X-162.3. But these of general long distance runners were r=0.53 and Y=0.358X-97.3, respectively.<BR>3) Decreased body weight from 1st-8th run was great and succesive, and occupied about 30%-70% of final decreased body weight. Thereafter, increase or decrease of the body weight was repeated and the time course became slow. There were some runners who showed large and succesive decreased body weight with the runs through the competition. The decreased body weight during the competition was influenced by the wind velocity, which supressed it considerably.<BR>4) Heart rate of a student long distance runner during 1600m run reached 180-189 beats per minute every run. Resting heart rate of general and student long distance groups showed circadian rhythm during the competition, but that of student runners was higher through the competition and their systolic pressure shows a tendency to below in later period of the competition.<BR>5) Threshold of knee jerk was low in the initial few runs and thereafter showed circadian rhythm. Reaction time to light was also facilitated in the initial runs and there-after prolonged about 30msec and maintained till the end of the competition. Frequency of subjective symptoms increased with number of the runs. At middle of the competition, it came over Sakai's standard and the A, B and C symptoms at the end of the competition were 33.0%, 20.0% and 25.0%, respectively.<BR>6) Calorie intake per day of the student long distance runners was in the range of 1240-2540Cal. Total energy consumption was estimated 7457Cal. per day.<BR>7) Blood glucose of the student long distance runners mostly unchanged through the competition, but serum triglyceride and total phospholipids significantly decreased and inversely serum free fatty acids prolongly mobilized.
RESUMO
Lipolytic activity of adipose tissue with age has been widely investigated by many authors. There are differences on the conception of intrinsic lipolytic activity of a cell changed with aging. Since lipolytic activity has been expressed by amount of FFA release per wet weight, per triglyceride or per protein, increase of triglyceride or wet weight seems to be a main factor to affect on it. It is of interest, therefore, to investigate the intrinsic lipolytic activity of adipose tissue with aging from the relationship among FFA release, wet weight, protein and triglyceride content in adipose tissue.<BR>In the present paper, we investigated effect of aging on lipolysis by using epididymal adipose tissue in 29, 35, 43, 57, 105 and 350 days rats. Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (4mg/100g body weight) and after that epididymal adipose tissue were removed and washed out the blood by 25°C Krebs-Ringer solution. The fat pads were placed in glass bottles containing Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution (pH 7.2-7.4), bovine serum albumin (4°C/ w/v) and epinephrine (3.9 pM/ litre) . Incubations were carried out in a shaking water bath for 120 min at 37°C under an atmosphere of 95% O<SUB>2</SUB>-5% CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Rate of lipolysis were determined by assaying the production of free fatty acids. Free fatty acids were titrated by Dole's method. Triglyc-eride and protein content in fat pads were assayd by Stern and Shapiro's method and Lowry's method, respectively.<BR>The following results were obtained<BR>1) Triglyceride-to-wet weight ratio and triglyceride-to-protein ratio in the adipose tissue corresponded to age (days) remarkably increased between 35 days and 43 days rats. However, after that, triglyceride-to-wet weight ratio was unchanged up to 350 clays rats.<BR>2) Maximum lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in rats with aging was observed at 29 days in the range studied and after that its lipolytic activity decreased with aging. This decreased phase of lipolytic activity seemed to be divided into two phases : one was fast decrease phase which was observed in the rats before 43 days, and the other was slow decrease in the rats after 57 days.<BR>3) Relationship between lipolytic activity and triglyceride-to-protein ratio in adipose tissue during aging showed inverse curvelinear relation, and it was found that lipolytic activity of adipose tissue was extremely inhibited at triglyceride-to-protein ratio more than ten.<BR>From these results, we assumed that increase of triglyceride content in adipose tissue was related with the decrease of lipolytic activity during aging and that the lipolytic activity of adipose tissue would be enhanced with decrease in triglyceride-to-protein ratio inversely.