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The issue as to whether hospital ownership has an impact on the quality of care has long been a serious concern.Hand hygiene (HH) compliance is regarded as an important indicator of the quality of care in the control of hospital-acquired infections.However,little information is available on whether hospital ownership influences HH compliance.In this study,of 229 hospitals selected from Hubei province in China,152 were public and 77 were private hospitals.A total of 23 652 healthcare workers (HCWs) were surveyed,using a convenience sampling.HH compliance,the WHO's "My Five Moments for hand hygiene" (5MHH),among HCWs,together with the factors of hospital ownership,training frequency,bed occupancy rates,etc.were collected.Univariate analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors affecting HH compliance.Overall,HH compliance rates were 67％ and 79％ for public and private hospitals,respectively.The HH compliance rates of HCWs and 5MHH were between 55％ and 95％,and influenced by hospital ownership (P＜0.05),excluding compliance rate at the moment after body fluid exposure,and other influence factors included training frequency and bed occupancy rate (P＜0.05).HH compliance is better in private than in public hospitals.Hospital ownership is a significant factor affecting HH compliance,in addition to training frequency and bed occupancy rate.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer that shows a high mortality and increasing incidence. There are numerous successful treatment options for CRC, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy; however, their side effects and limitations are considerable. Probiotics may be an effective strategy for preventing and inhibiting tumour growth through stimulation of host innate and adaptive immunity. We investigated and compared potential anti-tumour immune responses induced by two isolated Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus plantarum A and Lactobacillus rhamnosus b, by pre-inoculating mice with lactobacilli for 14 days. Subsequently, subcutaneous and orthotopic intestinal tumours were generated in the pre-inoculated mice using CT26 murine adenocarcinoma cells and were assessed for response against the tumour. Our results indicated that oral administration with L. plantarum inhibited CT26 cell growth in BALB/c mice and prolonged the survival time of tumour-bearing mice compared with mice administered L. rhamnosus. L. plantarum produced protective immunity against the challenge with CT26 cells by increasing the effector functions of CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration into tumour tissue, up-regulation of IFN-γ (but not IL-4 or IL-17) production, and promotion of Th1-type CD4+ T differentiation. Consequently, our results suggest that L. plantarum can enhance the anti-tumour immune response and delay tumour formation.
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remarkably increase when it transferred from ER to the cytosol around the nuclei 24 h after treatment with Pb. It is concluded that GRP78 in astroglia could strongly chelate with Pb ions and it might be a target protein of Pb.