Chinese Medicine Meets Conventional Medicine in Targeting COVID-19 Pathophysiology, Complications and Comorbidities / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate how the National Health Commission of China (NHCC)-recommended Chinese medicines (CMs) modulate the major maladjustments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly the clinically observed complications and comorbidities.@*METHODS@#By focusing on the potent targets in common with the conventional medicines, we investigated the mechanisms of 11 NHCC-recommended CMs in the modulation of the major COVID-19 pathophysiology (hyperinflammations, viral replication), complications (pain, headache) and comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, diabetes). The constituent herbs of these CMs and their chemical ingredients were from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database. The experimentally-determined targets and the activity values of the chemical ingredients of these CMs were from the Natural Product Activity and Species Source Database. The approved and clinical trial drugs against these targets were searched from the Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank Database. Pathways of the targets was obtained from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and additional literature search.@*RESULTS@#Overall, 9 CMs modulated 6 targets discovered by the COVID-19 target discovery studies, 8 and 11 CMs modulated 8 and 6 targets of the approved or clinical trial drugs for the treatment of the major COVID-19 complications and comorbidities, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The coordinated actions of each NHCC-recommended CM against a few targets of the major COVID-19 pathophysiology, complications and comorbidities, partly have common mechanisms with the conventional medicines.

Evaluation of China Comprehensive AIDS Response Program in 2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the work indicators of China Comprehensive AIDS Response Program (China CARES) and provide reference for future work of the program. Methods: The scores of each indicator were calculated, and different scores among different types of program areas were compared. The M(Q1,Q3) was used to describe the score of each indicator. The entropy weight method was used to calculate the composite score of each indicator and the composite score was translated into a 100-point system and compared among indicators. Results: In terms of the first-level indicators, organizational leadership and management (96.0 points), publicity and education (94.0 points), and innovative strategies and measures (98.0 points) got relatively high scores; while comprehensive social governance of AIDS prevention (72.0 points) was with the lowest score. The scores of publicity and education and comprehensive intervention in county-level program areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas. For secondary indicators, the indicator with relatively lower scores included "condom use among female sex workers last time" (70.0 points)", "at least one local key population has an increase in the number of people receiving HIV testing compared with the previous year" (70.0 points)", "colleges and occupational schools set up AIDS-related self-service facilities" (65.0 points), "HIV testing among the arrested people suspected of prostitution, adultery, drug users and traffickers" (55.0 points) and "condom use among men who have sex with men during last episode" (50.0 points). The "indicator 3 comprehensive intervention" contributed most to the evaluation, while "indicator 7 innovation strategies and measures" played a minor role in the evaluation results. Conclusions: The overall situation of AIDS Response Program in 2020 was good, but the progress in different word areas was not yet balanced. The two areas of comprehensive intervention and comprehensive social governance of AIDS prevention should be strengthened. It is also suggested that relevant indicators be adjusted appropriately to improve evaluation indicators system and comprehensively promote the program.

Effect of resveratrol on PTEN expression and fibrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in a high-glucose environment / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the effects of resveratrol(Res) on the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN) and the fibrosis of rat renal tubular epithelial cells in a high-glucose environment and the possible mechanism underlying the fibrosis reduction. After the pretreatment of rat renal tubular epithelial cells(NRK-52 E) cultured in a high-glucose condition with Res or PTEN inhibitor SF1670, they were divided into several groups, i.e., normal glucose(NG), normal glucose + SF1670(NS), high glucose(HG), high glucose + SF1670(HS), high glucose + Res at different concentrations(5, 10, 25 μmol·L~(-1)). The expression and distribution of E-cadherin and α-SMA in renal tubular epithelial cells were observed by immunofluorescence cytochemistry. The protein expression levels of PTEN, E-cadherin, α-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308)) and collagen Ⅳ were determined by Western blot. Real-time PCR was employed to detect the expression of PTEN mRNA. Compared with the NG group, the HG group witnessed the reduced expression of PTEN mRNA, PTEN protein and E-cadherin protein, but saw the increased expression of α-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308)) and collagen Ⅳ proteins. Besides, with the increase in Res concentration, the expression levels of PTEN mRNA, PTEN protein and E-cadherin protein gradually increased, while those of α-SMA, collagen Ⅳ, p-Akt~((Thr308)) proteins gradually decreased in the Res groups, showing a dose-effect dependence, compared with the HG group. No distinct difference was found between the NS group and the NG group. The expression level of E-cadherin was even lower and those of α-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308)), and collagen Ⅳ were higher in the HS group than in the HG group, with no marked difference shown in the two groups in terms of PTEN mRNA and protein. Although the PTEN inhibitor did not affect PTEN, the expression changes of the other proteins were opposite to the results after Res treatment and the fibrosis was aggravated, which suggested that SF1670 promoted the fibrosis by inhibiting PTEN, activating Akt and increasing the synthesis of collagen Ⅳ and other extracellular matrix. The results show that Res can antagonize the high glucose-mediated fibrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. This may be achieved via the up-regulation of PTEN and the inhibition of PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway.

Anatomic characteristics of the lacrimal sac in the nasal cavity of recurrent dacryocystitis and its application in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy combined with stent implantation / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the efficacy of endoscopic nasal dacryocystoma anastomosis combined with stent implantation in the treatment of chronic recurrent dacryocystitis. Methods Thirty patients (30 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis who had relapsed after traditional endoscopic nasal dacryocystorhinostomy were hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2010 to January 2019. Nasal lacrimal anastomosis under endoscope, intraoperative combined stent implantation, 3 months after operation, the lacrimal duct stent was removed, the patient ' s tearing symptoms were observed, the lacrimal duct was flushed to determine the lacrimal duct obstruction, and the follow-up period was 12 months. Results Twelve months of follow-up to 12 months, 14 eyes of 30 patients had no complaints of tearing, tearing, and lacrimal tract flushing; The ostomy fistula was unobstructed under nasal endoscope and the fistula was not significantly reduced. There was no complaint of tears in the eyes, tears overflowed, and the lacrimal duct was flushed, but the fistula opening was reduced.; Four eyes showed granulation hyperplasia next to the fistula, which blocked the fistula again. The overall effective rate was 87%. Conclusion Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy combined with stent implantation is an effective method for the treatment of chronic recurrent dacryocystitis with good clinical result.

Consecutive nightly measurements are needed for accurate evaluation of nocturnal erectile capacity when the first-night laboratory recording is abnormal / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Multiple measurements of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) are widely accepted as a method to differentiate psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) from organic ED. However, direct evidence remains limited regarding the first-night effect on NPTR measurement using the RigiScan. Here, we evaluated the first-night effect on the results of NPTR measurement to validate the necessity of NPTR measurement for two consecutive nights, particularly when abnormal first-night measurements are recorded in a laboratory setting. We retrospectively reviewed 105 patients with a complaint of ED, who underwent NPTR measurement using the RigiScan in the Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China), for two consecutive nights, during the period from November 2015 to May 2016. NPTR parameters were collected and analyzed. We found that more effective nocturnal erections were detected during the second night than during the first night (P <0.001). Twenty percent of all patients had no effective erection during the first night, but exhibited at least one effective erection during the second night. The negative predictive value of NPTR measurement during the first night was 43.2%; this was significantly lower than that on the second night (84.2%; P = 0.003). Most NPTR parameters were better on the second night than on the first night. The first-night effect might be greater among patients younger than 40 years of age. In conclusion, two consecutive nightly measurements of NPTR can avoid a false-abnormal result caused by the first-night effect; moreover, these measurements more accurately reflect erectile capacity, especially when the first-night record is abnormal in a laboratory setting.

Expression and prognostic value of metastasis-associated protein 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To analyze the expression and prognostic value of metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Methods The expression of MTA2 protein was examined in 91 paraffin-embedded specimens by immunohistochemical SP method, and in fresh specimens by Western blot, and then combined with follow-up data for prognosis analysis. Results There was an increasing tendency in positive rate of MTA 2 expression from benign ovarian cysts (17.5％) to epithelial ovarian cancers (78.43％), and there were significant difference (χ2=33.328, P<0.001). The expression of the MTA2 was significantly correlated to FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis (both P<0.05). The relative expression of MTA2 in benign ovarian cysts and epithelial ovarian cancers was 0.58±0.05, and 1.22±0.10, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-22.274, P<0.001). The survival curve of patients with MTA2 (+) differed from the survival curve of patients with MTA2 (-) and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=10.203, P<0.05). The multiple factor analysis revealed that the expression of MTA2, FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for clinical outcome of epithelial ovarian cancer. Conclusion MTA2 may be involved in the progression and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer as an oncogene. Overexpression of the marker indicates poor prognosis of patients.

Innovation and exploration in medical immunology experiment lessons that aiming on clinical practice / 中国免疫学杂志

As a frontal subject of life science, the medical immunology lessons are verification and complementary to theory lessons, and students need it to train their scientific ability and spirit. Therefore, some adjustments and explorations is needed in the experiments, for example, the data analysis of ELISA has been imported to the lessons to make them more closer to the practice. It' s shown that our lessons got welcomed by almost all students and is more helpful to them. The results playing an important role in improving our teaching effects in future.

Regular penis-root masturbation, a novel behavioral therapy in the treatment of primary premature ejaculation / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The primary premature ejaculation (PPE) is a common male sexual disorder. We proposed a novel behavioral therapy for PPE through regular penis-root masturbation (PRM). Nine heterosexual men with PPE completed the self-controlled study. After a 3-month PRM training, the median intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) increased from 60 s to 180 s (P = 0.018), and the mean Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) score decreased from 14.8 ± 3.7 to 12.8 ± 4.1 (P = 0.074). Five out of eight patients had the prolonged dorsal nerve somatosensory evoked potential (DNSEP). The results suggest that PRM has a short-term therapeutic effect. Randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the efficacy.

Relationship between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: A Study Based on Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene polymorphism and carotid plaque composition,vessel wall morphology,and clinical symptoms based on vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Totally 75 hypertensive patients(75 internal carotid artery plaques) with maximum plaque thickness≥1.5 mm,according to the ACE insertion(I) or deletion(D) gene polymorphism,were divided into ACE 2 genotype group(n=37) and ACE ID/DD genotype group(n=38). The influences of plaque composition,vessel wall morphology,clinical symptoms,and use of ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker(ACEI/ARB) on vessel wall morphology were analyzed. Results Compared with ACE 2 genotype group,the ACE ID/DD genotype group had significantly higher incidence of ischemic stroke(Χ=3.921,P=0.048). The plaque composition and vessel wall morphology showed no significant difference between these two groups. Inside ACE ID/DD genotype group,the carotid remodeling index was significantly lower in users of ACEI/ARB than non-users of ACEI/ARB(1.85±0.60 vs. 2.48±0.40;t=3.854,P=0.001).Conclusion In primary hypertension,ACE ID/DD genotype may be associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaque.

Relationship between Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Severe Obesity / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the depression status and quality of life (QoL) of patients with severe obesity who have undergone bariatric surgery and to evaluate their potential correlation.Methods A total of 50 patients with severe obesity who had undergone elective bariatric surgery in the general surgical ward of Peking Union Medical College from January 2013 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The general data were collected. The patient's depression status and QoL were assessed by the Zung's Depression Self-Assessment Scale and the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale,respectively.Results The depression score was (44.85±9.07) scores in these 50 patients,including 38 patients (76%) without depression and 12 (24%) with mild depression. The scores of the mental-emotional,physical,psychomotor,and psychological barrier dimensions of patients with severe obesity were (3.70±1.25),(18.65±4.10),(4.25±1.35),and (18.75±5.46)scores,respectively. The physiological function score of patients with mild depression was (95.83±10.21)scores,which was significantly higher than those without depression (68.42±38.95) scores(F=6.209,P=0.011). The vitality and mental health scores were (46.67±14.72) and (57.33±14.68) scores in patients with mild depression,which were significantly lower than those [(65.79±21.94) (F=4.867,P=0.030) and (75.16±17.21) scores (F=0.212,P=0.032)] in patients without depression. Correlation analysis showed that the mental-emotional score was positively correlated with physical score in patients with severe obesity (r=0.503,P=0.015),whereas the depression score was negatively correlated with the general health status (r=-0.430,P=0.032),vitality (r=-0.594,P=0.002),social functioning (r=-0.455,P=0.022),mental health (r=-0.562,P=0.003),and QoL score (r=-0.439,P=0.028).Conclusions The QoL is remarkably affected by depression in patients with severe obesity before surgery. Assessment of the mental status of patients with severe obesity may help to identify this problem and thus improve the QoL.

Comparison on the visual quality after different multifocal lens implantation in cataract patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To compare the visual quality after different multifocal lens (MIOL) implantation in cataract patients. ·METHODS: Totally 78 cases (78 eyes) of cataract patients who receiving phacoemulsification and implantation of different MIOL were enrolled from February 2016 to June 2017 in our hospital. According to the different type of implanted MIOL, the 78 cases (78 eyes) were divided Group A,B and C,each group was 26 cases (26 eyes). Patients in the Group A were implanted regional refraction MIOL SBL-3; patients in the Group B implanted step progressive diffraction MIOL SN6AD1;patients in the Group C implanted all - optical plane diffraction MIOL Tecnis ZMB00. The visual acuity, contrast sensitivity,defocus testing,contrast visual acuity and satisfaction of visual quality were compared in 3 groups at postoperative 3mo. · RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between the three groups (P>0.05). There was statistical difference in uncorrected intermediate visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, distance - corrected intermediate visual acuity and distance- corrected near visual acuity in 3 groups (P < 0. 05), and those in the Group C were significantly worse than those of Group A and B (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in contrast sensitivity at four spatial frequencies (3,6,12,18c/d) in light and light glare and three spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12c/d) in dark and dark glare in 3 groups (P<0.05), and those in the Group A were significantly better than those of Group B and C (P<0.05). According to the defocus testing of 3 groups,the visual acuity at -1.5D,-2.0D and-2. 5D in Group A and B was significantly higher than Group C (P<0. 05). There was statistical difference in contrast visual acuity at 20% and 9% of contrast ratio in 3 groups (P<0.05),and those in Group A were significantly better than Group B and C(P<0.05). There was statistical difference in visual quality satisfaction in 3 groups (P<0.05), and that in the Group A was significantly better than that of Group B and C (P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION:The region refraction MIOL SBL-3 not only could provide better distant, intermediate and near visual acuity, but also could provide better contrast sensitivity and contrast visual acuity, thereby greatly increase visual quality satisfaction.

Clinical efficacy of segmented bifocal intraocular lens SBL-3 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AMI:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the segmented bifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) SBL-3. ·METHODS:Totally 26 cases (26 eyes) of age-related cataract who received phacoemulsification and implantation of MIOL SBL-3 were enrolled from February 2016 to June 2017 in our hospital as the SBL-3 group. And 28 cases (28 eyes) of age-related cataract who received phacoemulsification and implantation of single focus intraocular lens intraocular lens TecnisZA9003 were enrolled as control group. At postoperative 3mo, the uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and patient satisfaction were compared between two groups. ·RESULTS: At preoperative, there was no statistical difference in uncorrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity between two groups (P > 0. 05). At postoperatively 3mo, the uncorrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity in patients of both groups were significantly improved (P < 0. 05). At postoperative 3mo,the uncorrected intermediate and near visual acuity, distance-corrected intermediate and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at different spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, 18c/d) and patient satisfaction in SBL- 3 group were significantly better than those of control group (P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION:The MIOL SBL-3 not only could provide preferable distance visual acuity, but also could provide better intermediate visual acuity, near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity,and greatly increase the visual quality and satisfaction at postoperative in cataract patients.

Curative effect of scleral slap invagination and trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane implantation in the treatment of glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of scleral slap invagination and trabeculectomy combined with amniotic membrane implantation in the treatment of glaucoma.?METHODS:From May 2013 to June 2017, 98 cases (116 eyes ) with glaucoma were treated in our hospital. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into two groups: the observation group of 45 cases (58 eyes) with scleral slap invagination surgery combined with amniotic membrane transplantation into operation, the control group of 53 cases ( 58 eyes ) with trabeculectomy combined with amniotic membrane implantation. Postoperatively patients were followed up for 3mo to observe IOP control;using MEN-C90 type blood rheology analyzer to detect the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit and blood viscosity changes, using the Doppler flow imaging ( CDFI) technique for the detection of ophthalmic artery end diastolic velocity ( EDV ) , RI, and the peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) and other hemodynamic parameters change.?RESULTS:One week and 3mo after the surgery, mean IOP of the observation group was 12. 18 ± 0. 98mmHg, 12. 23 ± 0. 94mmHg, the control group was 14. 49 ±1. 64mmHg, 14. 62 ± 1. 59mmHg, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05); IOP successful-control rate of observation group after operation was 81. 0％, more than that of the control group ( 61. 3％), the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). At 1wk and 3mo after operation high blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit and blood viscosity of two groups decreased significantly compared with the preoperative (P<0. 05); those of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0. 05). At 1wk and 3mo after operation, EDV and PSV of the two groups increased significantly, RI decreased significantly, compared with the preoperative differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ), those of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0. 05).? CONCLUSION: The combination of scleral slap invagination and amniotic membrane implantation has a significant effect on glaucoma patients, the effect of intraocular pressure control is good, the postoperative complications are low, and the safety of the patients is high.

Second-trimester serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, CRH levels in prediction of preterm labor / 上海预防医学

[Objective]To determine the relationship between maternal serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and CRH levels and preterm labor in asymptomatic women at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation. [Methods] We performed a prospective cohort study from January 2015 to December 2017 for asymptomatic women at 24 to28 weeks' gestation and maternal serum. According to the pregnancy outcome, 100 cases of preterm labor were selected as experimental group and another 100 cases of term labor as control group. The levels of serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and CRH were measured by ELISA. The partial membranes of all cases were examined pathologically after labor. [Results] The levels of serum IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in preterm labor group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The levels of serum IL-6and IL-8 in preterm labor with chorioamnionitis were significantly higher than those without chorioamnionitis and term labor (P < 0.05). The level of IL-1 in preterm labor without chorioamnionitis was significantly higher than that of term labor (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-a and CRH had no difference between the groups (P>0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic curves demonstrated that serum IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 predicted preterm labor. The area under the curve (AUC) of IL-1 was 0.843. The AUC of IL-6 was0.675 and IL-8 was 0.55. [Conclusion] Maternal serum IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in asymptomatic women at24 to 28 weeks' gestation are useful markers for prediction of preterm labor.

Transcatheter Closure of Congenital Coronary Artery Fistulas with a Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Children: Experiences from a Single Center / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Transcatheter closure of congenital coronary artery fistulas (CCAFs) is an alternative therapy to surgery; however, data regarding transcatheter closure for CCAF with a giant coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in pediatric patients are still limited due to the rarity of the disease. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure for CCAF with a giant CAA in a pediatric population at a single center.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records of pediatric patients (<18 years old) who underwent transcatheter closure of CCAF with a giant CAA between April 2007 and September 2016 at Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute (Guangdong, China) were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve patients (median age, 6.1 years; range, 1.9-11.0 years) underwent successful transcatheter closure procedures. One patient underwent closure at both the entry and exit points of the CAA, three patients underwent closure at the exit point of the CAA, and eight patients underwent closure at the entry point of the CAA. After a mean follow-up of 7.2 years (range, 0.5-9.8 years), one patient (with closure at the exit point of the CAA) underwent transcatheter re-intervention because of a significant residual shunt. She eventually underwent a surgical procedure due to aneurysm dilation after the second intervention. One patient experienced thrombus formation within the CAA after the procedure. Among those with closure at the entry point of the CAA, a mild-to-moderate residual shunt was detected in three patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transcatheter closure appears to be a safe and effective alternative therapy for CCAF with a giant CAA in the pediatric population. Closure at the entry point of the CAA, and closure at both the entry and exit points when feasible, may reduce the risk of postinterventional complications.</p>

Intermittent convulsions for 1.5 years and psychomotor retardation in a girl / 中国当代儿科杂志

The study reports a girl with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. The girl was admitted at the age of 2 years because of intermittent convulsions for 1.5 years and psychomotor retardation. She had a history of "hypoxia" in the neonatal period. At the age of 5 months recurrent epileptic seizures occurred. The child was resistant to antiepileptic drugs, and had many more seizures when she got cold or fever. She also had a lot of convulsive status epilepticus. No discharges were found during several video-EEG monitorings. Cerebral MRI examinations showed normal results. So Dravet syndrome was clinically suspected. ALDH7N1 gene mutation analysis revealed two heterozygote mutations, and pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy was thus confirmed. Seizures were generally controlled after pyridoxine supplementation.

Application of humidified high-flow nasal cannula in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome and pulmonary hypertension after extubation / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) as a respiratory support after extubation by comparing it with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 78 neonates with MAS and PPHN were randomly administered with HHFNC or NCPAP immediately after extubation. The following indices were compared between the two groups: blood gas parameters, duration of noninvasive ventilation, rate of extubation failure, and incidence of complications, such as nasal damage, abdominal distension, and intraventricular hemorrhage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in the rate of extubation failure, PaO, PCO, and PaO/FiOratio at one hour after NCPAP or HHFNC, duration of noninvasive ventilation, time to full enteral feeding, length of hospital stay, and incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage between the two groups (P>0.05). The HHFNC group had significantly lower incidence of nasal damage (5.0% vs 31.6%; P<0.05) and incidence of abdominal distension (7.5% vs 34.2%; P<0.05) than the NCPAP group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both NCPAP and HHFNC can be used as the sequential therapy for neonates with MSA and PPHN after extubation, and they both have a definite effect. As a new strategy of respiratory support, HHFNC is better tolerated, and has fewer side effects than NCPAP.</p>

A multicenter survey of knowledge about prevention of venous thromboembolism in nurses / 中华护理杂志

Objective To know about knowledge about prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in nurses from tertiary hospitals in China,and to analyze influencing factors to provide guidance for nursing of VTE. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 5279 nurses from 80 tertiary hospitals in 29 provinces (municipalities,and autonomous regions). Results The average score of knowledge about VTE prevention and treatment in nurses was 61.26%. The knowledge was obviously unbalanced. Nurses had poor knowledge of elastic stockings and injection of prefilling anticoagulant drugs. The scores were high for nurses who were over 30 years old, had worked for more than 10 years, and had higher titles. Conclusion Currently knowledge about pre-vention and treatment of VTE in nurses in our country is not ideal,and there is imbalance in knowledge. Training is still an effective approach. There should be standardized training according to level of knowledge of nurses.

Clinical Trials for Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis with Heat Sensitive Moxibustion and Its Regularity of Heat-sensitization Acupoint Distribution / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of heat sensitive moxibustion (HSM) and its regularity of acupoint heat-sensitization in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. METHODS: Seventy patients with AR were randomly divided into HSM and manual acupuncture groups (n＝35/group). For patients of the HSM group, acupoints Yintang (EX-HN 3), bilateral Yingxiang (LI 20), Shangxing (GV 23), Tongtian (BL 7), Feishu (BL 13), Hegu (LI 4), etc. were used, and for patients of the manual acupuncture group, bilateral LI 20 and LI 4, Bitong (EX-HN 8) and EX-HN 3 were needled and stimulated with uniform reinforcing-reducing needling method. The treatment was conducted once every other day, for 20 days, with 3 days' interval between two 10 days. The symptoms of sneezing, running nose, nasal obstruction, and nasal itching were scored as 1, 2 and 3 points according to their severity. The signs of turbinate-nose cavity bottom/nasal septum correlation, morphological state (swelling or not) of inferior nasal concha and color of nasal mucosa, appearance (deviation or polyp) of the middle turbinate and nasal septum were scored as 1, 2 and 3 points according to their severity. The total score equaled to symptom score plus nasal sign score. The distribution of heat sensitization acupoints for effectively improving AR were recorded. RESULTS: The total effective rate of 82.86%(29/35) in the HSM group had no marked difference in comparison with that of 74.29%(26/35) in the manual acupuncture group (P>0.05). After the treatment, the total scores of symptoms and nasal signs of both HSM and manual acupuncture groups were significantly reduced in comparison with their own individual pre-treatment (P<0.01), and those in the HSM group were significantly decrased than those in the manual acupuncture group (P<0.05). In 35 patients of the HSM group, among the detected 57 acupoints, the most frequently sensitive acupoints were LI 20, EX-HN 3, EX-HN 8, Shangyintang, BL 13, Shenque(CV 8), GV 23, Fengchi(GB 20), Die'e and Dazhui (GV 14) in sequence, mainly covering the Governor Vessel, Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-yangming(LI), and Bladder Meridian of Foot-taiyang(BL), and characterized by heat conduction, heat diffusion, diathermancy, non-thermal (mainly itching) sensation, thermal sensation mainly in the deep tissue and in the distant part rather than in the body surface and the local part. CONCLUSIONS: HSM has a positive effect on improvement of AR, when applied, acupoints LI 20, EX-HN 3, EX-HN 8, Shangyintang, BL 13, CV 8, GV 23, GB 20, Die'e and GV 14 are highly recommended.

Comparison of Coptidis Rhizoma processed with different ginger juice based on metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects of two different ginger juices on the medicinal properties of Coptidis Rhizoma(CR) by using UPLC-MS-TOF. The rats were fed with decoction of raw CR (RCR), CR processed with ginger juice from fresh ginger(CRGJFG), CR processed with ginger juice from Zinger (CRGJZ), ginger juice from fresh ginger (GJFG) and ginger juice from Zinger (GJZ), and then their urine was collected at different time points for metabolomics analysis. PeakviewTM 1.7 software was applied to analyze the total ion current under positive ion mode; MarkerviewTM 2.0 software was applied for principal component analysis (PCA). The possible biomarkers were screened and their content changes were described according to the searching results in Scifinder and Chemspider databases and related literature reports. The results showed that CR processed with different ginger juice would produce different effects on energy metabolism. Nine possible biomarkers relating to medicinal properties were found as sarcosine, hippuric acid, creatinine, kynurenine, tyrosine, L-tryptophan, nicotinic acid, arachidonic acid and L-proline. L-tryptophan, kynurenine and nicotinic acid were involved in the metabolism of tryptophan; sarcosine, creatinine, L-proline and tyrosine were involved in arginine and proline metabolism; the content of arachidonic acid in urine, precursor of leukotrienes B4, from high to low were CRGJZ, CRGJFG and RCR. The contents of all biomarkers in GJZ group were higher than those in GJFG group, indicating the cold nature of CR was gradually decreased in the following order： RCR, CRGJZ and CRGJFG, and resulting in different anti-inflammatory effects of samples. The results were in consistent with the conclusion that GJFG had hot nature and GJZ had warm nature. The study provided the scientific basis for proper use of different ginger juice as processing assistants.