Isolation and culture of rat adipose-derived stem cells and differentiation into oligodendrocyte precursor cells / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the possibility of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs) and find an effective way to treat demyelinating disease. Methods ADSCs from the inguinal region of SD rats were isolated, digested with collagenase type I and trypsin, collagenase type I digestion method as control, counted and compared; Cultured in vitro and observed the growth characteristics. After ADSCs subcultured 3 times of passages, CD29, CD90 and CD45 were detected by flow cytometry; After differentiation into adipocyte, the cells were identified by the staining of oil red 0; After differentiation into OPCs by stem cell differentiation medium and OPCs induced differentiation medium, the expression of a-N-acetylneuraminic acid a-2, 8-sialyltransferase I (A2B5) and NG2 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Results The number of ADSCs in the combined enzyme group was higher than the collagenase type 1 group (P < 0 . 05, re = 7); ADSCs grew in a long shuttle type and their morphology tended to be stable after passage. The surface marker CD29, CD90 were positive, and CD45 was negative. After adipogenic induction, oil red 0 staining showed red lipid droplets of varying sizes in the cells. After OPCs induction, immunofluorescence detection showed that positive reaction of cell surface fluorescence was seen with antibody to A2B5 and NG2,(87. 03±0. 94)% expressed A2B5, (90. 07±0. 96) % expressed NG2. After cultured for 3 days, immunof'luorescence detection showed that positive reaction of cell surface fluorescence was seen with antibody to myelin basic protein (MBP). Conclusion ADSCs are obtained by combined enzyme digestion and the cells are much more than collagenase alone and can be induced to OPCs in vitro.

Role and mechanism of stabilizing microtubules of endothelial cells and pericytes in improving the microvasculature dysfunction after spinal cord injury / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of stabilizing microtubules of endothelial cells and pericytes for ameliorating the dysfunction of microvasculature after spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods The endothelial cells and pericytes from rat brain microvascular tissue (microvessel) were separated and subjected to glucose oxygen deprivation (OGD). The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 and the expression of α-tubulin was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Rats (n = 36) were subjected to dorsal spinal cord transection at T

Neuroendocrine cells of prostate cancer: biologic functions and molecular mechanisms / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health risk for older men worldwide. Existing systemic therapies mostly target androgen receptor (AR). Although treatments are initially effective, the disease always recurs. A potential mechanism for the treatment failure is that PCa contains, in addition to the AR-positive luminal type tumor cells, a small component of neuroendocrine (NE) cells. The function of NE cells in PCa remains poorly understood, and one important characteristic of these cells is their lack of expression of AR and resistance to hormonal therapy. In addition, many patients develop the more aggressive small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) after hormonal therapy. Although this clinical phenomenon of disease transformation from adenocarcinoma to SCNC is well established, the cell of origin for SCNC remains unclear. Recently, loss of function of Rb and TP53 and amplification and overexpression of MYCN and Aurora A kinase have been identified as important biomarkers and potential disease drivers. In this article, we systematically review the histology of normal prostate and prostate cancer including the main histologic types: adenocarcinoma and SCNC. We also review the findings from many studies using cellular and animal models as well as human specimens that attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms of treatment failure, disease progression, and tumor transformation from adenocarcinoma to SCNC.

Evaluation of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Prostate-specific Antigen <20 ng/ml / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The European Society of Urogenital Radiology has built the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for standardizing the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the PI-RADS diagnosis method in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <20 ng/ml.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 133 patients with PSA <20 ng/ml were prospectively recruited. T2-weighted (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance images of the prostate were acquired before a 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy. Each patient's peripheral zone was divided into six regions on the images; each region corresponded to two of the 12 biopsy cores. T2WI, DWI, and T2WI + DWI scores were computed according to PI-RADS. The diagnostic accuracy of the PI-RADS score was evaluated using histopathology of prostate biopsies as the reference standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCa was histologically diagnosed in 169 (21.2%) regions. Increased PI-RADS score correlated positively with increased cancer detection rate. The cancer detection rate for scores 1 to 5 was 2.8%, 15.0%, 34.6%, 52.6%, and 88.9%, respectively, using T2WI and 12.0%, 20.2%, 48.0%, 85.7%, and 93.3%, respectively, using DWI. For T2WI + DWI, the cancer detection rate was 1.5% (score 2), 13.5% (scores 3-4), 41.3% (scores 5-6), 75.9% (scores 7-8), and 92.3% (scores 9-10). The area under the curve for cancer detection was 0.700 (T2WI), 0.735 (DWI) and 0.749 (T2WI + DWI). The sensitivity and specificity were 53.8% and 89.2%, respectively, when using scores 5-6 as the cutoff value for T2WI + DWI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The PI-RADS score correlates with the PCa detection rate in patients with PSA <20 ng/ml. The summed score of T2WI + DWI has the highest accuracy in detection of PCa. However, the sensitivity should be further improved.</p>

Laparoendoscopic single-site radical prostatectomy: technique and initial outcomes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery radical prostatectomy (LESS-RP) is a challenging urological procedure and needs to be further evaluated. This study was undertaken to illustrate the safety and initial results of pure LESS-RP with conventional available instruments.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective clinical database was established in September 2010 to assess the outcome following the introduction of LESS-RP at our institution. By June 2012, six procedures had been performed. The mean patient age was 74.7 (74.0 - 76.0) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.8 (19.5 - 32.2) kg/m(2). The LESS-RP was preformed through an extra-peritoneal approach using single port access with QudaPort, 0° lens 5 mm flexible tip video-laparoscope and available conventional laparoscopic instruments. Parameters assessed were operative time, estimated blood loss, intra-operative complications, drainage time, postoperative pain score (visual analogue pain scale (VAPS), 0 - 10), pathological results, and postoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LESS-RP was completed for all six cases without additional trocar placement or conversion to standard laparoscopic or open radical prostatectomy. The mean operative times were 252.5 (190.0 - 305.0) minutes, estimated blood loss was 300 (100 - 500 ml). There was no documentable intraoperative complication. The mean wound-drainage time was 5.2 (2.0 - 7.0) days, and the first postoperative day VAPS was 0.8 (0 - 3.0). Final pathological staging was pT2aN0M0 in four cases and pT2cN0M0 in two cases. Surgical margins were negative for all cases. The one-month post-operative PSA was less than 0.02 ng/ml in each case. All patients were continent without pad usage at 1 year postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The technique of pure LESS-RP is feasible and early outcomes are acceptable.</p>

Role of dietary factors in prostate cancer development / 中华男科学杂志

Diet has long been recognized as a strong factor in prostate carcinogenesis, with nutrients participating in either the development or the prevention of cancer. In this review, we concentrate on the role of dietary factors in prostate cancer development. The most significant dietary factors in prostate carcinogenesis are energy, total fat, animal fat, milk, calcium and red meat. However; evidence from case-control, epidemiological and laboratory studies does not support the causative role of any single nutritional component in prostate cancer development, and many questions remain to be further studied about the association of dietary factors with prostate cancer.