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@#AIM:To compare the curative effect between monocular lateral rectus recession(BLR)and Binocular recession resection(R & R)for basic intermittent exotropia.<p>METHODS:A literature review using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Clinical Trial, CBM, Wanfang Databases and paper collections of conferences was performed. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of BLR and R & R for basic intermittent exotropia with a duration of follow-up at least half a year were eligible for inclusion. The methodologic quality of included studies was evaluated independently by 2 authors. Statistical analysis was performed by using the STATA 14 software(StataCorp Texas USA).<p>RESULTS:Five prospective random controlled clinical trials involving 529 patients were included. Compared with R & R procedure,the BLR procedure group showed lower successful rate(<i>RR</i>:0.85; 95% <i>CI</i>:0.72-0.99; <i>P</i>=0.043)and postoperative undercorrection(<i>RR</i>:3.975; 95% <i>CI</i>:2.097-7.537; <i>P</i><0.01). The <i>P</i> value of long-term postoperative corrected rate in Meta analysis was decreased near to 0.05 when the included references increased. There was no significant difference in overcorrection rate between the BLR and R & R procedures(<i>RR</i>:0.336; 95% <i>CI</i>:0.049-2.294; <i>P</i>=0.266).<p>CONCLUSION:Current evidences suggested that BLR procedure is related to lower successful and higher undercorrection rates for basic intermittent exotropia compared to conventional R & R procedure.
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Objective To evaluate the reliability of sweep visual evoked potential (SVEP) for assessing the normal objective visual acuity in adult wild-type C57BL/6J mice.Methods A total of 6 wild C57BL/6J mice of either gender at 32-33 days of age were collected.After the mice were anesthetized,the recording electrode (a 2-mm diameter tungsten electrode) was placed at 3 mm lateral to lambda over the left cortex (contralateral to the stimulated right eyes) and advanced to 400 μm within the cortex,and the needle electrodes which placed in the forehead and tail served as the reference and the ground,accordingly.Left eyes (unstimulated eyes) were covered during the recording.The screen (mean luminance 25 cd · m-2) was placed 20 cm in front of the mice,thereby covering 100° (horizontal) × 82° (vertical) of the visual field.The mice were stimulated by vertically sinusoidal grating,which consisted of 11 spatial frequencies,stimulus contrast was 100％,and time frequency was 1 Hz;the entire sweep took 12 seconds (11 spatial frequencies + 1s pre-adaptation),and the values were averaged until the error bars for the data were stable.The VEP waveforms of visual cortex corresponding to the left and right eyes were recorded separately.At least 3-4 trials consisting of 20 events for different frequencies were averaged.Left and right eye were tested alternately.Then the coordinate system was established by using the spatial frequency logarithm as x-axis and the amplitude of the response obtained by the discrete Fourier analysis as y-axis,the objective visual acuity was obtained by extrapolation to zero amplitude of the linear regression through the 4 effective data points adjacent to noise.Results SVEP showed that the amplitude of N100 wave was maximal at a spatial frequency of 0.05 c · deg-1.With the increase of the stimulus spatial frequency progressively,SVEP decreased in amplitude and increased in latency.The cortical electrical signal could not be distinguished from noise at a spatial frequency of 0.65 c · deg-1.The average acuity of 6 mice was (0.56 ± 0.04) c · deg-1 for right eyes and (0.50 ± 0.04)c · deg-1 for left eyes respectively.There was no significant difference between the two eyes(P＞0.05);The visual evoked potential acuity of 12 eyes was (0.53 ±0.03)c ·deg-1.Conclusion SVEP could be used to estimate the mouse VEP acuity,which was closed to the behavioral visual acuity.However,the VEP acuity was more objective and accurate as well as time-saving.
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Objective To study the relationship between TGF-?signaling pathway and pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.Methods The expression of TGF-?RⅠ,TGF-?RⅡand Smad4 protein was deter- mined by immunohistochemistry in normal gastric mucosa(26 cases),intestinal metaplasia(22 cases),dysplasia (20 cases)and gastric carcinoma(43 cases).Results The positive expression rate of TGF-?RⅠ,TGF-?RⅡand Smad4 decreased following the malignant degree in gastric tissues(P