Prostate-derived IL-1β upregulates expression of NMDA receptor in the paraventricular nucleus and shortens ejaculation latency in rats with experimental autoimmune prostatitis / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP)-induced persistent inflammatory immune response can significantly upregulate the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we screened out the target prostate-derived inflammation cytokines (PDICs) by comparing the inflammatory cytokine levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between EAP rats and their controls. After identifying the target PDIC, qualified males in initial copulatory behavior testing (CBT) were subjected to implanting tubes onto bilateral PVN. Next, they were randomly divided into four subgroups (EAP-1, EAP-2, Control-1, and Control-2). After 1-week recovery, EAP-1 rats were microinjected with the target PDIC inhibitor, Control-1 rats were microinjected with the target PDIC, while the EAP-2 and Control-2 subgroups were only treated with the same amount of artificial CSF (aCSF). Results showed that only interleukin-1β(IL-1β) had significantly increased mRNA-expression in the prostate of EAP rats compared to the controls (P < 0.001) and significantly higher protein concentrations in both the serum (P = 0.001) and CSF (P < 0.001) of the EAP groups compared to the Control groups. Therefore, IL-1β was identified as the target PDIC which crosses the blood-brain barrier, thereby influencing the central nervous system. Moreover, the EAP-1 subgroup displayed a gradually prolonged ejaculation latency (EL) in the last three CBTs (all P < 0.01) and a significantly lower expression of NMDA NR1 subunit in the PVN (P = 0.043) compared to the respective control groups after a 10-day central administration of IL-1β inhibitors. However, the Control-1 subgroup showed a gradually shortened EL (P < 0.01) and a significantly higher NR1 expression (P = 0.004) after homochronous IL-1β administration. Therefore, we identified IL-1β as the primary PDIC which shortens EL in EAP rats. However, further studies should be conducted to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms through which IL-1β upregulates NMDA expression.

A Risk Prediction Model for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To create a prediction model that could be used to stratify the risk of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with stable coronary artery disease by using test data based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and general clinical data. Methods:A total of 114 patients with stable coronary artery disease were consecutively enrolled from the Cardiology Coronary Artery Disease Database of our hospital from December, 2014 to December, 2018, all the patients underwent CPET before coronary angiography. LASSO was used for feature selection. A nomogram was formulated based on the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis using the RMS package of R. The predictive power was assessed with Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. Results:Seven predictors were identified based on LASSO: coronary angiography results, the maximum value of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (EqCO2max), lymphocyte count, fasting blood glucose levels, cardiac muscle enzyme positivity, blood homocysteine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Combined with clinical experience and weighting analysis, the final four factors were included for Logistic regression modeling: coronary angiography results, EqCO2max, lymphocyte count and fasting blood glucose levels. The area under the curve was 0.875 for the model. Conclusion:EqCO2max and lymphocyte count are key predictors for stable coronary heart disease and can be used to identify patients at high risk for cardiac rehabilitation. A risk stratification model based on CPET and laboratory tests can be used to assess risk stratification for cardiac rehabilitation in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Mu-opioid receptors in the paraventricular nucleus regulate ejaculatory behaviors via the sympathetic nerve system in male rats / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the effects of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the ejaculatory behaviors of male rats and its potential mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Male SD rats with normal ejaculation ability were mated with female ones in hormone-induced estrus. After bilateral PVN microinjection of D-Ala-2-Me-Phe-4-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAGO) or D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) with an inserted catheter, the male animals were observed for mount latency (ML), mount frequency (MF), intromission latency (IL), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation latency (EL), ejaculation frequency (EF), post-ejaculation interval (PEI), and intromission ratio (IR). The lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) of the rats was recorded using the PowerLab data acquisition hardware device, and the levels of norepinephrine (NE) in the peripheral plasma were measured by ELISA following microinjection of saline or different doses of DAGO or CTAP.@*RESULTS@#Neither CTAP nor DGAO significantly affected the ML of the male rats (P > 0.05). DGAO remarkably increased IF (P < 0.01) and MF (P < 0.01), prolonged IL (P < 0.01), EL (P < 0.01) and PEI (P < 0.01), and reduced EF (P <0.01) and IR (P < 0.05). On the contrary, CTAP markedly decreased IF (P < 0.01) and MF (P < 0.01), shortened IL (P < 0.01), EL (P < 0.01) and PFI (P < 0.01), and elevated EF (P < 0.01) and IR (P < 0.01). Additionally, DAGO decreased LSNA in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the NE level in the peripheral plasma. CTAP, however, not only offset the effects of DAGO on LSNA, but also significantly increased LSNA.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MOR in PVN inhibits ejaculatory behaviors in male rats by weakening LSNA, which has provided some theoretical evidence for the use of highly selective opioids in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Losartan improves erectile function through suppression of corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats with cavernous nerve injury / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aimed to investigate the functional and morphological changes in the corpus cavernosum after cavernous nerve (CN) injury or neurectomy and then reveal whether treatment with the angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonist losartan would improve erectile function as well as its potential mechanisms. A total of 48 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats, weighing 300-350 g, were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 12 per group): sham operation (Sham) group, bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) group, losartan-treated BCNI (BCNI + Losartan) group, and bilateral cavernous neurectomy (Neurectomy) group. Losartan was administered once daily by oral gavage at a dose of 30 mg kg-1 day-1 for 4 weeks starting on the day of surgery. The BCNI and the Neurectomy groups exhibited decreases in erectile response and increases in apoptosis and oxidative stress, compared with the Sham group. Treatment with losartan could have a modest effect on erectile function and significantly prevent corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress. The phospho-B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated death promoter (p-Bad)/Bad and phospho-the protein kinase B (p-AKT)/AKT ratios were substantially lower, while the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/Bcl-2 ratio, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1), transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, and caspase-3 activity were higher in the BCNI and Neurectomy groups than in the Sham group. After 4 weeks of daily administration with losartan, these expression levels were remarkably attenuated compared with the BCNI group. Taken together, our results suggested that early administration of losartan after CN injury could slightly improve erectile function and significantly reduce corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress by inhibiting the Akt/Bad/Bax/caspase-3 and Nrf2/Keap-1 pathways.

Glans-preserving surgery for superficial penile squamous cell carcinoma ≥2 cm in diameter / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the feasibility of glans-preserving surgery (GPS) in the treatment of superficial penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) with the lesion diameter of ≥2 cm.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 69 cases of superficial PSCC (≤T1aN0) treated by GPS (n = 36) or radical surgery (total or partial penectomy, n = 33) from July 2007 to July 2017.@*RESULTS@#The mean tumor diameter and depth of invasion were 3.16 (2.0－6.0) cm and 0.89 (0.5－2.0) cm in the GPS group and 3.56 (2.0－6.0) cm and 1.89 (0.6－4.0) cm respectively in the radical surgery group. The patients were followed up for 10－102 (mean 42) months, during which, 5 patients in the GPS group developed local recurrence at 40 days and 2, 4, 7 and 9 months postoperatively, again underwent gansectomy, partial penectomy or GPS, and experienced no more recurrence during the follow-up of 54, 34, 39, 66 and 70 months. No local recurrence was observed in the radical surgery group, and none of the 69 patients experienced lymph node metastasis or died during the follow-up.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GPS is safe and efficient for the treatment of superficial PSCC with the lesion diameter of ≥2 cm.

Biomarkers for predicting the outcome of microdissection testicular sperm extraction for non-obstructive azoospermia patients: A systematic review / 中华男科学杂志

Infertility is a common medical condition which affects nearly 15% of the world population. Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a most challenging problem inducing male infertility and does not respond to the existing medication. Surgery is the primary method for obtaining sperm from NOA patients, but the outcome of testicular sperm extraction is unpredictable preoperatively. Recently, with the development of detection techniques for male infertility, some new biomarkers have come into notice, which may be of some value in predicting the outcome of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MTSE) and evaluating male infertility. This article presents an overview of the known biomarkers contributive to the prediction of the outcome of MTSE for NOA patients.

Purse-string suture with single channel gastroscopy for the gastric wall perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric fundus / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the perforation repair method of purse-string suture with single channel after gastroscopy endoscopic submucosal resection (ESD) in treating gastric submucosalal stromal tumor originating from muscularis propria lay of gastric fundus. Methods 15 patients with GIST from gastric fundus muscularis propria were treated with ESD. The diameters of tumors were from 1.5 ～ 3.5 cm. Purse-string suture with single channel gastroscopy was performed for the gastric wall perforation during ESD. Results All patients underwent repair successfully. The procedure time was 10 ～ 15 min. No severe complications occurred. Conclusion Purse-string suture with single channel gastroscopy is a feasible and effective perforation repair method during ESD of gastric fundus.

Adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction: An update / 中华男科学杂志

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are pluripotent stem cells isolated from the adipose tissue and have the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation into neurogenic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and so on. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction that has a negative impact on the lives of the patients and their partners. Current treatments of ED include surgery and medication, with oral 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors as the first-line drugs. However, a small number of the patients are not sensitive to these therapies and cannot be improved or cured pathologically. So far, animal experiments and preclinical trials have confirmed the safety and efficacy of ADSCs, which act on ED though paracrine mechanisms. This review summarizes the advances in the recent 5 years in the studies of ADSCs for the treatment of ED.

Association of the deleted DAZ gene copy related to gr/gr and b2/b3 deletions with spermatogenic impairment / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of the deleted azoospermia (DAZ) gene copy related to gr/gr and b2/b3 deletions in the AZFc region with male spermatogenic impairment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 121 infertile men with different de- grees of spermatogenic impairment and 95 healthy donors from the sperm bank. Using PCR, PCR-RFLP, and Y chromosome specific sequence tagged sites (STS) , we analyzed the association of DAZ gene copy deletions related to gr/gr and b2/b3 deletions in the AZFc region with spermatogenic impairment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 15 cases of gr/gr deletion (12. 40% ) and 6 cases of b2/b3 deletion (4.96%) in the infertility group as compared with 13 cases of gr/gr deletion (13.68%) and 1 case of b2/b3 deletion (1.05%) in the control. Analysis of the DAZ-specific single nucleotide variant (SNV) loci revealed 11 gr/gr-DAZI/DAZ2 deletions (9.09%), 4 gr/gr-DAZ3/DAZ4 deletions (3.31%), and 6 b2/b3-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletions (4.96%) in the infertile men in comparison with 3 gr/ gr-DAZ1/DAZ2 deletions (3.16%), 10 gr/gr-DAZ3/DAZ4 deletions (10.53%), and 1 b2/b3- DAZ3/DAZ4 deletion (1.05%) in the control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Partial deletions of gr/gr and b2/b3 exist in both healthy men and male patients with different degrees of spermatogenic impairment and cannot be considered as a risk factor for spermatogenesis impairment. However, deletions of different DAZ duplicons in gr/gr and b2/b3 deletions have different effects on spermatogenesis. DAZ1/DAZ2 instead of DAZ3/DAZ4 deletions might be associated with spermatogenesis impairment.</p>

Corporoplasty using autologous tunica vaginalis graft for Peyronie's disease / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To assess the effect of corporoplasty with autologous tunica vaginalis graft in the treatment of Peyronie's disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten patients with Peyronie's disease underwent plaque excision and corporoplasty with autologous tunica vaginalis graft. We obtained and compared IIEF-5 scores of the patients before and at 1 and 5 years after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After surgery, penile curvature was obviously relieved and all the patients achieved normal penile erection and satisfactory sexual intercourse without erection-related pain or recurrent erectile dysfunction. The mean IIEF-5 score was significantly improved at 1 year (22.40±1.08) and 5 years postoperatively (23.00±1.14) as compared with the baseline, (19.20±2.28) (P<0.05 or 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Corporoplasty with autologous tunica vaginalis graft is a safe, simple and effective option for the treatment of Peyronie's disease, though its definite efficiency is to be further supported by large-sample clinical studies.</p>

Prognostic factors of penis-sparing surgery for early-stage penile cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of penis-sparing surgery (PSS) for early-stage penile cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively studied the clinical data about 45 cases of early-stage penile cancer treated by PSS from January 2007 to December 2014. We calculated the rate of local recurrence-free survival by the Kaplan-Meier method, and conducted univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses on the relevant factors including the patient's age, marital status, tumor location, tumor size, postoperative sexual life, histological grade, and TNM stage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One-year and three-year local recurrence-free survival rates were 95.5% and 52.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the histological grade (P = 0.039) and postoperative sexual life (P = 0.049) were independent factors for the prognosis of PSS. Logistic regression showed the patients age to be significantly associated with histological grade (P = 0.014).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Histological grade and postoperative sexual life are important independent prognostic factors of PSS for early-stage penile cancer, and the patients age is associated with the prognosis of PSS through its influence on the tumor grade.</p>

Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNA in prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors as well as a frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. The test of serum markers has dramatically improved the early diagnosis of PCa, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely identified. Long noncoding RNA (IncRNA) is emerging as a new player in the PCa paradigm demonstrating its potential roles in both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. LncRNA is frequently aberrantly expressed in the majority of PCa cases. This review highlights recent findings of the aberrant expression of lncRNA in PCa and discusses its novel roles in the diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, metastasis, and potential clinical treatment of PCa.

Expression ratio of the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA to p75NTR correlates with the clinical stage and pathological grade of prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions and action mechanisms of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors TrkA and p75NTR in the oncogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using immunohistochemistry, we detected the expressions of TrkA and p75NTR in 62 PCa and 35 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples, and conducted statistical analysis on the basis of clinical data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Independent-samples t-test showed that, along with poorer tissue differentiation or higher clinical stage of PCa, the expression of TrkA was significantly up-regulated, that of p75NTR remarkably down-regulated, and the expression ratio of TrkA to p75NTR markedly increased. The TrkA/p75NTR ratio was 0.32 in the BPH, 0.52 in the PCa tissue with Gleason score of 6, 1.65 in the PCa tissue with Gleason score of 7, 5.75 in the PCa tissue with Gleason score ≥ 8, 0.89 in the clinical stage of pT2, 1.5 in pT3 a, 3.75 in pT3b, and 7.00 in pTxN1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abnormally increased expression ratio of TrkA to p75NTR might be one of the essential features of malignant transformation of prostate cells. A higher TrkA/p75NTR expression ratio may be associated with a lower tissue differentiation, a higher clinical stage or Gleason score, and therefore a poorer prognosis.</p>

Characteristics of Violence Behavior of Psychotics in Communities / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of violence behavior of the psychotics in communities. Methods37 psychotics who used to have violence behavior were investigated with Questionnaire of Characteristics and Associated Factor for Violence Behavior of Psychotics in Communities created ourselves. ResultsThe psychotics suffered violence behavior appeared some peculiarities for the time, place, and dealing with tools, etc. Their mental state, course of disease and treatment were associated with their violence behavior. ConclusionThere is some characteristics in most of the violence behavior of the psychotics, which may be helpful for preventing.