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Previous studies have shown that postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is related to multiple factors including age, postoperative trauma, inflammation, postoperative pain, and anesthesia, among which postoperative pain is thought to play an important role in the development of POCD. This review summarizes the recent findings in the study of the role of postoperative pain in the pathogenesis of POCD in light of nerve injuries, neural remodeling and stress, and the progress in the prevention and treatment of POCD in elderly patients. It is of vital important to assess the postoperative pain and formulate adequate analgesic regimens for effective prevention and management of POCD to protect the brain functions of elderly patients.
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Idoso , Humanos , Disfunção Cognitiva , Inflamação , Dor Pós-Operatória , Terapêutica , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of workplace loneliness, job burnout and conscientiousness in teachers of special education. METHODS: A total of 344 teachers of special education from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as study subjects by judgment sampling method. The questionnaires of Workplace Loneliness Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Conscientiousness Scale of Big Five Inventory were used to conduct the survey. The mediating role of job burnout in workplace loneliness and conscientiousness was analyzed. RESULTS: The total score of workplace loneliness was 32.6±8.3. The median total score of job burnout and conscientiousness was 31.0 and 30.6 respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the dimensions of job burnout were positively correlated with the total score of workplace loneliness and all its dimension scores, and negatively correlated with conscientiousness score(P<0.01). The degree of explanation for the change of workplace loneliness and job burnout on conscientiousness were 9.0% and 17.0% respectively. CONCLUSION: Job burnout plays a partial mediating role in workplace loneliness and conscientiousness in teachers of special education. Reducing workplace loneliness and job burnout can help improve the conscientiousness of teachers of special education.
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Objective To explore the effect of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on arterial oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and pulmonary function during perioperation. Methods Forty patients with normal pulmonary function,ASA I - II :scheduled for pulmonary lobectomy, were divided into control group and PEEP group by random digits table with 20 cases each. Patients were induced by double-lumen tubes under intravenous anesthesia and were received 10 ml/kg tidal volume, 12 frequents/min breathing rate during the two-lung ventilation (TLV), secondary reduced to 6 ml/kg tidal volume, 16-18 frequents/min breathing rate without PEEP (control group) or with 5 cm H2O cm H2O =0.098 kPa) PEEP (PEEP group) during OLV.Hemodynamics and respiratory mechanical parameters were continuously monitored, lung function before operation and at 72 h after operation was detected. Results Compared to before OLV,arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), oxygenation index (OI) were decreased and intrapulmonary shunt ratio (Qs/Qt) was increased in control group and PEEP group at 30 min after OLV (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). However,PaO2 and SpO2 and OI were higher and Qs/Qt was lower in PEEP group than that in control group at the same time point (P<0.05). In addition, FEV1%, FVC% and FEV1/FVC were (121.8 ± 25.0% ,(117.2 ± 24.3)% , (87.6 ± 15.7)%before operation and (84.9 ± 21.6)%, (77.2 ± 18.3)% , (70.5 ± 12.5)% at 72 h after operation respectively in control group, (116.9 ±24.5)% , (112.1 ±23.6)% , (85.3 ± 13.8)% before operation and (96.3 ± 20.4)%, (88.1 ± 19.8)% , (78.4 ± 10.2)% at 72 h after operation respectively in PEEP group. Although decreased in control group and PEEP group at 72 h after operation comparing with preoperation (P< 0.01 or < 0.05 ), FEV1%, FVC% and FEV1/FVC were higher in PEEP group than those in control group at 72 h after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion Appropriate PEEP increases arterial oxygenation,reduces Qs/Qt and improves pulmonary function during OLV,reduces the risk of hypoxernia and lung injury induced by OLV during perioperation.
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Anti-neoplasic angiogenesis therapy is a rising new treatment model for cancer in recent years, and it has been established the status of first-line treatment in the relevant anti-neoplasic fields. With the extensive clinical applications, the anti-neoplasic angiogenesis therapy have gradually showed some of its limitations and shortcomings,such as drug resistance, uncertain therapeutic window, lack of effective biomarkers, et al. However, we can overcome these disadvantages through combined chemotherapy, reasonable chemotherapy protocols and anti-VM therapy.
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Objective To study the influence of pharmacy intravenous admixture servers(PIVAS)on human resource prioritized allocation.Methods We compared the time consumption and efficiency of drug dispensing as well as the human resource allocation before and after the establishment of PIVAS.The influence of PIVAS on the human resource allocation of nursing and pharmacy staff and work efficiency were analyzed.Results Nursing human resource were economized and we realized human resource prioritized allocation after the establishment of PIVAS.Conclusions Establishment of PIVAS facilitated the human resource prioritized allocation of nursing and pharmacy staff.It can promote the development of nursing cause and possesses wide application value.
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0.05) during the experiment. The TC of middle dose GSPE group was marked ly different compared with that of normal group(P
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AIMTo observe the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidi n (GSP) on the lipid profile of atherosclerosis in rabbits. METHODS24 male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into three groups with 8 rabbits in each group. They were individually housed in metal cages in an air-condition ed room. Throughout the experimental period, they were given restricted amounts of food (100～120 g/head per day) of each diet, with no limit of drinking. The c ontrol group (group A) were fed with standard diet. The cholesterol group (group B) was fed with standard diet containing 1% cholesterol. The GSP group (group C ) were fed with standard diet containing 1% cholesterol plus 1% GSP. All the rab bits were fed for twelve weeks. Blood samples were drawn from ear middle arterie s of rabbits just before the experiment and at the first, the second, the forth, the eighth and the twelfth weekend of the experiment. All the rabbits were fast ed for at least eight hours before the blood was drawn. The blood samples were a nalyzed for total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , triglyceride (TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and they were measured enzymatically by automatic facilities. Aorta samples were observed through optical microscope. Results were expressed as means ?s. The Mixed Procedure of SAS 8 2 software was used to evaluate the differences betwee n the cholesterol group and the GSP group. RESULTSCompared with the group B, the TC,LDL-C,TG and the TG/HDL-C were lowered markedly by dietary GSP at the twelfth weekend (P