RESUMO
Background: The gallbladder, a critical component of the biliary system, plays a vital role in bile storage and digestion. Dysfunction in the gallbladder often results in gallstone formation, leading to significant healthcare burdens worldwide. Gallstone disease and gallbladder carcinoma are major health concerns, particularly in regions like India, where prevalence is high and poorly understood. Methods: This study aims to establish the normal baseline volume of the gallbladder using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and compare it with measurements obtained via ultrasound (USG). The cross-sectional study conducted at Era's Lucknow medical college and hospital involved 265 individuals aged 18-80 years with non-gallbladder-related abdominal conditions. Results: Final results showed the mean gallbladder volume to be 29.33�70 cm3 by DECT and 27.40�58 cm3 by USG, with DECT measurements being on average 1.93 cm3 higher. A significant association was found between gallbladder volume and obesity, but not gender. Conclusions: The findings suggest DECT provides slightly higher and potentially more accurate measurements of gallbladder volume compared to USG. These insights contribute to a better understanding of gallbladder physiology and the implications of its volume in various pathologies, emphasizing the need for further studies with larger sample sizes to validate these observations.
RESUMO
Background: The term urethral stricture is anterior urethral disease, or a scarring process involving the spongy erectile tissue of the corpus spongiosum. Methods: Total 127 patients were included in the study. Patient selection criteria for urethroplasty by using buccal mucosal graft was length of stricture more than 2 cm, deep spongiofibrosis, failed optical urethrotomy for 3 times, adequate oral hygiene and proper buccal mucosa. Results: Length of stricture varied from 3.2 to 14 cm. In first postoperative week, 20.47% (n=26) patients developed minor wound infection culture negative seroma formation in stitch line in the skin. Donor site complications like eating and drinking difficulty, dysguesia, pain, sensitivity, speaking disorders were not found in any patient while oral tightness was noted in 43.30% (n=55) of patients. On postoperative follow-up mean peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) was 28.0 ml/sec (range 20.0-30.6 ml/sec). After a mean follow-up of 8.8 months range (1 month to 33 months) overall success rate was 90.55% (n=115). Conclusions: Buccal mucosa is an excellent graft material for substitution free graft urethroplasty in case of long anterior urethral stricture with excellent success rate. Success rate of dorsal onlay substitution free buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty is affected by length of stricture and aetiology of strictures. Lichen sclerosus having moderate success rate of urethroplasty and higher rate of complication and failure rate in 1-stage buccal mucosal urethroplasty and can be considered for two stage urethroplasty in case of very long stricture of anterior urethra of lichen sclerosus origin.
RESUMO
Background: Hypertension and diabetes, two of the major global risks for mortality are on a rapid rise in developing nations and leading risk factors for a hero sclerosis and its complications, including heart attacks and strokes. It is predicted that by 2030, India’s diabetes burden will be almost 87 million people. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factor of diabetes and hypertension in northeastern and south Indian region in India. Methods: This study utilised the fourth wave of the national family health survey (2015-16). Bivariate, multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to meet the aim of the paper. Results: Analysis shows that the highest prevalence of prehypertension is higher in Sikkim state whereas the prevalence of hypertension men is higher in also Sikkim state. Prevalence of women is prehypertension in Sikkim state and hypertensive women is higher prevalence in Nagaland and Assam state. Conclusions: Diabetes is developing with multi-morbidity like hypertension. Thus, there is need to provide the health education to diabetic people by public and private health care services and increase the health awareness in the society at grass root level. The main reason behind diabetes is heredity, less physical activity, higher body mass index, and increased cholesterol level in that group of south India and northeastern region. There is need that people should change their lifestyle and government should build the structure of city with health perspective.