Variations In Mental Foramen Position & Number In Population Of Madhya Pradesh State (central India)

Introduction: Mental foramen is a important landmark for giving anesthesia and surgical operation of low jawand teeth (dental surgery).Aim: So this study done with a purpose to knowing exact position of mandibular foramen . Materials andMethods: For this study Fifty mandible bones (toothed / Non-toothed mandibles) belonging to Madhya-Pradeshstate were studied. All mandibles are of adult person (of either sex - male/Female). In study we observe Positionof mental foramen in relation with body of mandible (distance from symphysis menti, from posterior border oframus of mandible, from base of mandible & from alveolar margin ) and in relation with tooth (below molar orbelow premolar).Result: We find out Mean Distance between mental foramen and base of mandible - 10.5 mm , Mean Distance ofmental foramen from alveolar margin -15.25 mm. Mean distance between mental foramen and symphysis mentiwas - 30.00mm. Mean distance of mental foramen from posterior border of ramus -60.00mm . In study we alsoobserve number of mental foramen on each side in a single mandible.

Transdeltoid Approach in Proximal Humerus Fractures: Outcome in 35 Cases and Review of Literature.

Background: Displaced proximal humerus fractures generally result in long-term functional disability. Recently, the advances in treatment for proximal humerus fracture have involved minimally invasive plating which offer minimal soft tissue damage and rapid and improved healing of the fracture. In recent literature, there has been a shift towards the deltoid splitting approach for the fixation of proximal humeral fractures due to the increased visualization of the posterior fragments as well as the less amount of soft tissue stripping. We used the deltoid splitting approach to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes as regards to axillary nerve injury, complications and functional deficits. Methods: Out of a total of 35 patients included in this study, 28 were male and 7 were female; with a mean age of 44 (range26 - 62yrs.). Results: In patients, the fracture of the proximal humerus was classified as type III; while 30 % (n=6) had type II fracture, according to Neer’s classification. Depending upon the fracture anatomy and the need for exposure, the skin incision was a continuous long incision in 7cases, with complete exploration of axillary nerve in the substance of deltoid; while in 13 cases, fixation was done using two separate skin windows. The mean follow up period was 26weeks (range 18-32 weeks). The average time to radiological union was14 weeks (range12-2 0 weeks). At final follow up, there were no cases of nonunion. There were 2 cases (10%) with varus malunion of the head fragment, and 1 case (5%) of acromial impingement. Axillary nerve palsy or deltoid dysfunction was not seen in any of the patients. The mean Constant- Murley score of shoulder function, at final follow up, was 78 (range 64-84). Graded according to the Constant shoulder score grading criteria, by calculating the difference of score between the involved shoulder and the uninvolved shoulder, 60% patients(n=12) had excellent, 35% (n=7) had good and 5% (n=1) had fair functional results. Conclusion: Thus deltoid splitting approach allows a feasible way to treat proximal humerus fractures with minimal axillary nerve injury, complications and functional deficits.

Comparative Study of Midline Nasal Ergonomics of North Indian Males.

In the 19th and early 20th century, nasal shape, size and nasal indices were the most commonly measurement to differentiate races. A detailed study has been carried out in a random sample of 180 males in age group 18-24 years to neglect the affect of facial parameters in subject above 18 years of age. The study is aimed to determine a set of comparative standard values of the form of the North Indian young male nose and of its relevance to forensic science and clinical anthropometry. A highly significant comparison was found in the nasal indices of two ethnic groups, in the present study. The data revealed that the M.P. male had leptorrhin nose while U.P. male had mesorrhin nose. Various other parameters were also compared in a sample of 90 Madhya Pradesh and 90 Uttar Pradesh males.

Meroencephaly.

Anencephaly which is basically a misnomer used in place of meroencephaly for a long time is one of the most common birth defect that is seen in stillborn fetuses. It has multifactorial relations with environment , genetics as well as nutrition.It can be diagnosed by ultrasound, serum alfafetoprotein (AFP) level. The present study was done of a female aborted fetus of 32 weeks having anencephaly whose specimen was present in our department. So we planned to present a case report of this very anomaly with its development and genetic causes that lead to this lethal but preventable congenital defect.

Achondrogenesis: A Lethal Chondrodystrophy.

Achondrogenesis is a type of skeletal dysplasia. Skeletal dysplasias are the heterogeneous class of bone growth disorders resulting in abnormal shape and size of the skeleton. Here, we present a rare case of achondrogenesis which was delivered by induced abortion at 6½ months of gestation. The physical, radiological, and ultrasonographic examinations done raised the possibility of this very rare anomaly. Achondrogensis is characterized by extreme micromelia and marked discrepancy between the relatively large head and the decreased trunk length. This rare condition has got genetic mutations associated with it. Achondrogenesis resembles other chondrodystrophies, therefore, its diagnosis needs to be made promptly and accurately.