PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a real-world study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains heavily debated. We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor plus anlotinib as a potential solution for terminal mCRPC and further evaluate the association of genomic characteristics with efficacy outcomes. We conducted a retrospective real-world study of 25 mCRPC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib after the progression to standard treatments. The clinical information was extracted from the electronic medical records and 22 patients had targeted circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing. Statistical analysis showed that 6 (24.0%) patients experienced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and 11 (44.0%) patients experienced PSA reduction. The relationship between ctDNA findings and outcomes was also analyzed. DNA-damage repair (DDR) pathways and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway defects indicated a comparatively longer PSA-progression-free survival (PSA-PFS; 2.5 months vs 1.2 months, P = 0.027; 3.3 months vs 1.2 months, P = 0.017; respectively). This study introduces the PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib as a late-line therapeutic strategy for terminal mCRPC. PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib may be a new treatment choice for terminal mCRPC patients with DDR or HRR pathway defects and requires further investigation.

Preliminary study on the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on neurobehavior and gut microbiota of offspring rats exposed to arsenic / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on neurobehavior and gut microbiota of arsenic-exposed offspring rats. Methods: In April 2021, Thirty-six SPF SD rats aged 8 weeks were seleted, rats were ranked by weight and divided into four groups according to randomized block design, namely control group, arsenic exposure group (As group) , arsenic+normal saline group (As+NaCl group) and As+FMT group, 6 females and 3 males in each group. Fecal microbiota fluid were provided by feces of rats in control group. Rats drank tap water containing 75 mg/L sodium arsenite for one week and then were caged together. The arsenic exposure was terminated until the pups were born. Female rats with vaginal plug were treated with fecal microbiota fluid via gavage during neurodevelopmental teratogenic window period. The volume of gavage was 1 ml/100 g with once every two days, for a total of three times. Weight alterations of offspring rats were recorded every week after weaning, and when offspring rats grew up for 6 weeks, Morris test and open field experiment was used to observe learning and memory abilities, as well as neurobehavioral performance of autonomous exploration and tension, respectively. 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to detect microbiota diversities in fecal samples of rats in As group and As+FMT group. Results: Compared with the control group, the ratio of swimming distance and staying time in the target quadrant and the times of crossing the platform of rats in As group decreased significantly, and the motor distance, times entering central zone and the number of grid crossing of rats decreased significantly (P<0.05) . Compared with As group, the ratio of swimming distance in target quadrant, the motor distance in central zone and times entering central zone of rats in As+FMT group were evidently increased (P<0.05) . The analysis of fecal microbiota diversities showed that, at the phyla level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in feces of rats in As+FMT group was higher than that in As group (68.34% vs 60.55%) , while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was lower than that in As group (28.02% vs 33.48%) . At the genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella in As+FMT group was significantly higher than that in As group, becoming the dominant genus (42.08% vs 21.78%) . Additionally, compared with As group, a total of 22 genus were increased with 21 decreased genus in As+FMT group (P<0.05) . LEfSe analysis showed that dominant genuses in As+FMT group were Prevotella and UCG_005, and their relative abundance was significantly higher than that of As group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: FMT may alleviate the impaired learning and memory ability and anxiety like behavior of the offspring rats exposed to arsenic, and improve the disrupted gut microbiota.

Optimization of formulation of paclitaxel nanosuspension encapsulated by erythrocyte membrane based on Box-Behnken method / 中国中药杂志

In view of the longevity and innate immune escape of red blood cells, this study designed the red blood cell membrane-coated paclitaxel nanosuspension [RBC-(PTX)NS] and investigated its physicochemical properties and antitumor effect in vitro. Paclitaxel nanosuspension [(PTX)NS] was prepared by ultrasonic precipitation and then RBC-(PTX)NS by ultrasonic coating. The formulation of(PTX)NS was optimized with Box-Behnken method and indexes of particle diameter, zeta potential, and stability. The morphology, particle diameter, stability, in vitro dissolution, and antitumor effect of(PTX)NS and RBC-(PTX)NS were characterized. The results showed that the particle diameter and zeta potential were(129.38±0.92) nm and(-22.41±0.48) mV, respectively, for the optimized(PTX)NS, while(142.5±0.68) nm and(-29.85±0.53) mV, respectively, for RBC-(PTX)NS. Under the transmission electron microscope,(PTX)NS was spherical and RBC-(PTX)NS had obvious core-shell structure. RBC-(PTX)NS remained stable for 5 days at 4 ℃. The in vitro dissolution test demonstrated that the cumulative release rate of RBC-(PTX)NS reached 79% within 20 min, which was significantly higher than that(25%) of(PTX)NS(P<0.05). As evidenced by MTT assay, RBC-(PTX)NS highly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cell membrane-coated nano-preparation preparation method is simple and reproducible. It improves the solubility of PTX and endows RBC-(PTX)NS with higher stability and stronger cytotoxicity. Thus, it is a new method for the delivery of PTX via nanocrystallization.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment on keloid tumor immune gene expression / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been demonstrated to influence the keloid recurrence rate after surgery and to relieve keloid symptoms and other pathological processes in keloids. To explore the mechanism of the effect of HBOT on keloids, tumor immune gene expression and immune cell infiltration were studied in this work.@*METHODS@#From February 2021 to April 2021, HBOT was carried out on keloid patients four times before surgery. Keloid tissue samples were collected and divided into an HBOT group (keloid with HBOT before surgery [HK] group, n = 6) and a non-HBOT group (K group, n = 6). Tumor gene expression was analyzed with an Oncomine Immune Response Research Assay kit. Data were mined with R package. The differentially expressed genes between the groups were compared. Hub genes between the groups were determined and verified with Quantitative Real-time PCR. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed based on CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis of gene expression and verified with immunohistochemistry (IHC).@*RESULTS@#Inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the HK group. There were 178 upregulated genes and 217 downregulated genes. Ten hub genes were identified, including Integrin Subunit Alpha M (ITGAM), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-2, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type C (PTPRC), CD86, transforming growth factor (TGF), CD80, CTLA4, and IL-10. CD80, ITGAM, IL-4, and PTPRC with significantly downregulated expression were identified. IL-10 and IL-2 were upregulated in the HK group but without a significant difference. Infiltration differences of CD8 lymphocyte T cells, CD4 lymphocyte T-activated memory cells, and dendritic resting cells were identified with gene CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis. Infiltration levels of CD4 lymphocyte T cell in the HK group were significantly higher than those of the K group in IHC verification.@*CONCLUSION@#HBOT affected tumor gene expression and immune cell infiltration in keloids. CD4 lymphocyte T cell, especially activated memory CD4+T, might be the key regulatory immune cell, and its related gene expression needs further study.

The relationship of secreted frizzled related protein 5, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, retinol binding protein 4 and the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the secreted frizzled related protein 5 (SFRP5), 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and the degree of illness in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the evaluation value of curative effect.Methods:One hundred and thirteen elderly patients with T2DM who treatment in Taihu Hospital of Wuxi City from January 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the study group, and 113 healthy patients during the same period were selected as the control group. The serum levels of RBP4, SFRP5, and 25(OH)D were compared between the two groups, patients with different disease levels, and patients with or without vascular complications. Spearman was used to analyze the correlation between each index and the degree of illness, and Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between each index and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC (AUC) were used to analyze the value of SFRP5, 25(OH)D, RBP4 and the combination of the three to predict vascular disease in T2DM patients.Results:The levels of RBP4 , HOMA-IR in study group were higher than those in control group: (22.96 ± 2.26) μg/L vs.(11.28 ± 1.69) μg/L, 3.83 ± 0.70 vs.1.65 ± 0.59, the levels of SFRP5, 25(OH)D in study group were lower than those in control group: (9.28 ± 3.14) μg/L vs. (14.65 ± 3.38) μg/L, (32.65 ± 5.12) nmol/L vs. (51.29 ± 6.33) nmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The level of RBP4 in severe group was higher than that in mild group:(26.91 ± 2.51) μg/L vs. (19.35 ± 2.23) μg/L, the levels of SFRP5, 25(OH)D in severe group were lower than those in mild group: (7.13 ± 2.98) μg/L vs. (11.25 ± 3.30) μg/L, (27.97 ± 4.56) nmol/L vs. (36.93 ± 5.50) nmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of SFRP5, 25(OH)D in patients with macrovascular disease were the lowest, followed by those with microvascular and those without vascular disease; the level of RBP4 in patients with macrovascular disease was the lowest, followed by those with microvascular and those without vascular disease, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between RBP4 and the degree of illness and HOMA-IR ( P<0.05), and there was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and SFRP5 and the degree of illness and HOMA-IR ( P<0.05). The AUC of SFRP5 for predicting vascular disease was 0.721, and the cut-off value was ≤11.14 μg/L , with a sensitivity of 78.21%, and a specificity of 60.00%.The AUC of 25(OH)D for predicting vascular disease was 0.786, and the cut-off value was ≤ 36.56 nmol/L, with a sensitivity of 87.18%, and a specificity of 65.71%. The AUC of RBP4 for predicting vascular disease was 0.816, and the cut-off value was greater than 21.45 μg/L , with a sensitivity of 57.69% and a specificity of 94.29%. The AUC of SFRP5 + 25(OH)D + RBP4 for predicting vascular disease was 0.847, with a sensitivity of 70.51% and a specificity of 85.71% ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In severe T2DM elderly patients with vascular complications, the levels of blood SFRP5, 25(OH)D and RBP4 are increased and significantly related to the patient′s condition and insulin resistance, and they can predict the occurrence of vascular disease.

Association between serum trace elements and core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: a national multicenter survey / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of serum levels of trace elements with core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).@*METHODS@#From September 2018 to September 2019, an investigation was performed for 1 020 children with ASD and 1 038 healthy children matched for age and sex in the outpatient service of grade A tertiary hospitals and special education institutions in 13 cities of China. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were used to assess the core symptoms of the children with ASD. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure serum levels of trace elements magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc.@*RESULTS@#The children with ASD had significantly lower serum levels of magnesium, copper, and zinc than the healthy children (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The serum levels of magnesium and zinc may be associated with core symptoms in children with ASD, which requires further studies. The nutritional status of trace elements should be monitored for children with ASD in clinical practice.

Research and application of bone connection and anti-adhesion of nanomaterial artificial ligaments / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Irregular structures on the nanometer scale mimic the structure of natural extracellular matrix molecules, and can be used as a carrier for cell adhesion or proliferation to promote tissue regeneration at the site of implantation. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of nanomaterial artificial ligament applied in ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Computer was used to search CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cqvip and Wanfang databases. The search terms were “tissue engineering, nanomaterials, artificial ligaments, nanometre, nanoscale, artificial ligament”. According to the standard, the research progress of nanomaterial artificial ligament was included in the literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nanomaterials have good biological compatibility. Artificial ligaments modified by nanomaterials can provide good adhesion environment for cells and promote cell proliferation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can proliferate and differentiate on the surface of artificial ligaments modified by nanomaterials and promote the extension of bone into ligaments. This effect enhances the strength of ligaments and promotes tendon and bone healing to a certain extent. Nanomaterial scaffold is a promising solution for the treatment of ligament injuries. The current nanofiber preparation technology has laid the foundation for the implementation of this solution. Currently, the prepared nanofibers can provide ideal mechanical strength, and some nanomaterials are degradable. After implantation, they can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts and gradually replace the nanofibers until ligament regeneration is achieved. The research of nanomaterial scaffold has also made some progress in bone connection and anti-adhesion.

Effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction and it's different compatibility groups on gut microbiota in rats with acute enteritis based on high-throughput sequencing / 中国中药杂志

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Gegen Qinlian(GGQL) Decoction and its different compatibility groups on gut microbiota in rats with acute enteritis, and to explore the efficacy of GGQL Decoction in improving acute enteritis and gut microbiota. Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive control group(SASP), GGQL decoction group, Glycyrrhizae-free group(QGC), Puerariae-free group(QGG), Qinlian-free group(QQL), and Qinlian group(QL). The pathological sections and detection indexes of the rats were observed before and after modeling and administration. After 7 days of administration, fecal samples from 24 rats were collected and Illumina Miseq platform was used for high-throughput sequencing. From the anti-inflammatory and pharmacodynamic indicators, the effect was the most obvious in GGQL Decoction group, QGC group, QGG group and QL group(P<0.05). The alpha diversity and beta diversity showed that there were significant differences in the composition of intestinal flora in each group. As compared with the model group, the increased abundance and diversity of the flora caused by acute inflammation could be down-regulated in all groups except QQL group(P<0.05). The differential bacteria were explored by using LEfSe analysis, and the results showed that Bifidobacterium and other beneficial bacteria only appeared in the normal group. As compared with the normal group, Lactobacillus was significantly reduced(P<0.01), and Bacteroides, Flavonifractor and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were up-regulated in model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with the model group, the number of Akkermansia was significantly increased(P<0.05), and the number of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 associated with intestinal inflammatory diseases was decreased in the GGQL Decoction group, QGC group and QL group. QGC group and QQL group caused the up-regulation of Ruminococcaceae and induced enrichment of Desulfovibrio which could lead to colon cell toxicity; QGG group caused the up-regulation of Proteobacteria and Burkhonderiales. The study suggests that the GGQL Decoction may play a role in the treatment of acute enteritis partially through improving the intestinal barrier, regulating the immune response and the structure of gut microbiota.

Differences in intestinal absorption of Gegen Qinlian Decoction between normal rats and rats with large intestinal damp-heat syndrome / 中国中药杂志

The study aimed to compare the difference in intestinal absorption of the components of Gegen Qinlian Decoction between normal rats and those with large intestinal damp-heat syndrome in the pathological state, in order to explore the rational application of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in the treatment of large intestinal damp-heat syndrome. Puerarin, daidzin, liquiritin, scutellarin, baicalin, wogonoside, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, berberine and palmatine were used as the detection indexes in the in vitro everted gut sacs absorption experiment. The cumulative absorption amount(Q/μg) and the absorption rate(K_a) of each component in each intestine segment were calculated and compared. It was found that the absorption of each component in different intestinal segments were linear absorption, with R~2 greater than 0.9, which conformed to the zero-order absorption rate. There were differences between normal rats and model rats in the absorption of the components in Gegen Qinlian Decoction with the same concentration. Intestinal absorption of most components of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in the model of large intestinal damp-heat syndrome increased to some extent. The components of Gegen Qinlian Decoction with the concentration of 200 g·L~(-1) had the highest absorption in the jejunum of the model rats, and the absorption in the ileum, duodenum and colon successively decreased except daidzin and baicalin. In terms of the absorption rate constant, the absorption in the duodenum and jejunum were significantly increased(P<0.01) compared with normal rats, and the absorption in the ileum was significantly decreased(P<0.01) compared with normal rats. In addition, the absorption of puerarin, daidzin, glycyrrhizin, coptisine and berberine increased selectivity in the colon. Therefore, pathological model animals were recommended in the study of the components relating to absorption effect, in order to really lay a research foundation for the symptomatic treatment of large intestinal damp-heat syndrome.

An Overview of Methodology and Research Progress on Application of Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a new subject based on the identification of migrating components in serum after oral administration of TCM.After more than 20 years of development,serum pharmacochemistry of TCM has been widely recognized and applied by researchers.Based on the references related with the serum pharmacochemistry from these years,the research summarized the methods of serum pharmacochemistry of TCM,for example,selection of experimental animals,preparation of gastric irrigation,design of drug administration scheme,method and time of adoption blood,pretreatment of serum containing drug,as well as analysis of serum sample.In addition,the paper will emphatically introduce the application of serum pharmacochemistryof TCM,which includes clarifying the substance basis of Chinese medicine,establishing the quality standard of TCM,and clarifying the compatibility of compound Chinese medicine.At the same time,we will through some existing problems to look forward to the future of serum pharmacochemistryof TCM,so that people can have a comprehensive understanding of serum pharmacochemistryof TCM,hoping to lay a foundation for the further application of this method in TCM research.

A case report of EIF2AK3-related Wolcott-Rallison syndrome and literature review / 中国当代儿科杂志

The patient was a female infant aged 1 month and 29 days. She was admitted to the hospital due to convulsions for 6 days and increased blood glucose level for 5 days. She had unstable blood glucose levels. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin was too high to measure. Urine glucose was positive (+ - ++++). The levels of fasting C-peptide and insulin were 0.19 ng/mL and 11.68 μIU/mL respectively. High-throughput sequencing of the genetic endocrine disease gene Panel (412 detected genes, including 49 known diabetes-related genes) showed that the EIF2AK3 gene in the infant had two novel compound heterozygous mutations, c.2731_2732delAG and c.2980G>A, both of which were located in the kinase domain. The infant was diagnosed with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS). As a rare autosomal recessive disease, WRS is characterized by neonatal diabetes, multiple epiphyseal dysphasia and liver disease. Neonatal diabetes is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of WRS. The EIF2AK3 gene is the pathogenic gene of WRS.

Effect of Different Processed Products of Crataegi Fructus on Dyspepsia by 1H-NMR Metabonomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The effect of processing on promoting digestion of Crataegi Fructus was investigated by the method of serum metabonomics based on 1H-NMR and the analysis of traditional biochemical indexes. Method:The dyspepsia model was induced by high protein and calorie diet. The small intestine propulsive rate in mice and the hormone level in rat gastrointestinal tract were used as pharmacodynamic indexes. After administration of Crataegi Fructus, fried and charred Crataegi Fructus, the changes of serum metabolites were analyzed by 1H-NMR technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis, so as to compare the therapeutic effects of each processed products on rats with dyspepsia model. Result:Each processed products group of Crataegi Fructus could improve the ability of intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying, especially in charred Crataegi Fructus group, caused by dyspepsia. The serum metabonomics proved that there were significant metabolic differences between the model group and the blank group. A total of 13 biomarkers related to dyspepsia, covering 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glycerophosphoryl choline (GPC), N-acetylglycoprotein, O-acetylglycoprotein, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), alanine, acetic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, creatine, leucine, lactic acid and glucose, were screened on the grounds of VIP value of S-plot, single factor ANOVA and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) (AUC). The metabolite composition of each administration group was the same except that the callback tendency of O-acetylglycoprotein, glutamine and GPC in charred Crataegi Fructus group was closer to that in the blank group. Conclusion:There are differences in the effect of promoting digestion to eliminate stagnation among processed products of Crataegi Fructus, charred Crataegi Fructus is more effective in improving dyspepsia, which may play a role in regulating gastrointestinal motility and energy metabolism.

Necroptosis was found in a rat ischemia/reperfusion injury flap model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Necroptosis is a new form of cell death that has been identified as a third pathway causing cell death. In this study, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) was used to determine whether necroptosis exists in a rat ischaemia/reperfusion injury flap model.@*METHODS@#In this study, twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups: a control group (CTL group) and a Nec-1 group. Each abdominal skin flap underwent 3 h of ischaemia and then reperfusion. Fifteen minutes before and after reperfusion, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was administered intraperitoneally to the CTL group, while Nec-1 was administered intraperitoneally to the Nec-1 group. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the whole flap was divided equally into 54 sections. Flap blood perfusion was measured. One sample was taken randomly from each row. Morphological changes, apoptosis, receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP-1) expression and caspase-3 activity were observed and detected. The measurements between the two groups were compared with the independent t-test, and a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#Compared to flaps in the CTL group, flaps in the Nec-1 group showed longer survival rates, better blood perfusion and less inflammatory infiltration. The total flap area considered to have survived was 70.88 ± 10.28% in the CTL group, whereas 80.56 ± 5.40% of the area was found to be living in the Nec-1 group (Nec-1 vs. CTL, t = -2.624, P < 0.05). For some rows, there were significant differences in cell apoptosis between the two groups, the apoptosis index (AI) in rows "9 cm", "7 cm", "6 cm" and "5 cm" was significantly lower in the Nec-1 group than that in the CTL group (Nec-1 vs. CTL, P < 0.05). RIP-1 expression was much lower in the Nec-1 group than that in the CTL group in rows "5 cm" to "9 cm" (Nec-1 vs. CTL, P < 0.05). No significant differences in caspase-3 activity were found.@*CONCLUSION@#According to the results, necroptosis was present in a rat abdominal ischaemia/reperfusion injury flap model.

Study on correlation of fundus arteriosclerosis patients and their blood biochemical indexes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the blood biochemical indexes in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood glucose levels and the correlation of eyegrounds arteriosclerosis.<p>METHODS: This study selected 2017-02/2018-01 97 cases eyegrounds arteriosclerosis patients of our hospital blood biochemical indicator detection as observation group. The other selected line during the same period to our health physical examination results of 98 cases of normal subjects as control group. Detection of two groups of blood biochemical indicators, and then the comparison.<p>RESULTS: The total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose and blood pressure levels in observation group were significantly higher than control group(<i>P</i><0.05). When patients blood biochemical routine blood glucose, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein was high, the degree of eyegrounds arteriosclerosis was higher. By incorporating multiple factors analysis, blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels and eyegrounds arteriosclerosis were positively correlated.<p>CONCLUSION: The blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and low density lipoprotein level was higher, the eyegrounds arteriosclerosis in patients was more serious, eyegrounds arteriosclerosis level by clinical testing for treatment monitoring, diagnosis, pathological changes.

3D printing technology in drug delivery system / 国际药学研究杂志

Three-dimensional(3D)printing,a type of rapid prototyping technology,is based on a digital model file and prints layer-by-layer using adhesive materials,such as powdered metal or plastic. 3D printing has attracted much attention in the pharmaceutical field because of the various advantages,such as simple operation,good flexibility,high repeatability,wide adaptability,and more importantly,customized service. Currently,it is used in formulations of imme- diate release,sustained release,implants,etc. Recently,the integration of medical devices and drugs with 3D printing has been gaining popularity. This review not only summarizes the latest progress in techniques,materials,and pharma- ceutical dosage forms used in drug delivery system with 3D printing,but also analyzes its advantages and limitations, with the hope of providing reference for the development and application of 3D printing technology in drug delivery. This novel drug delivery system will bring new vitality to individualized medication.

Mechanism of different processed products of Codonopsis pilosula on spleen deficiency rats based on 1H-NMR metabonomics / 中国中药杂志

Based on1 H-NMR metabonomics,the effects of Codonopsis pilosula,rice-fried C. pilosula and honey-fried C. pilosula on spleen-asthenia rats were compared,and the mechanism was discussed in this study. The rat model of spleen deficiency was established by weight-bearing swimming and fasting every other day. The effects of different processed products of C. pilosula on the body weight and swimming time of rats were observed. At the end of administration,the gastrocnemius muscle of the right leg of rats was collected and detected by1 H-NMR,and the mechanism of different processed products of C. pilosula in improving spleen deficiency was preliminarily investigated by multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that C. pilosula,honey-fried C. pilosula and rice-fried C. pilosula could significantly prolong the swimming time( P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of rats with spleen deficiency. The results of metabonomics showed that honey-processed C. pilosula could significantly decrease levels of leucine,isoleucine,alanine,acetate,glutamate,succinate,anserine,dimethylamine,dimethylglycine,creatine,phosphorylcholine,glycerophosphorylcholine,taurine,inosine,fumate,hypoxanthine and lactate,but increase levels of glucose,glycine,compared with model group. Therefore,honey-fried C. pilosula has the best efficacy on spleen deficiency syndrome in rats by regulating glycometabolism,amino acid metabolism,lipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism.

Effects of different processed products of Codonopsis pilosula on immunosuppressive rats based on 1H NMR metabolomics / 中国药理学通报

Based on 1H NMR metabonomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis, to study the changes of serum endogenous metabolites from immunosuppressive rats induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX), and to screen the best processed products of Codonopsis pilosula, rice-fried Codonopsis pilosula and honey-fried Codonopsis pilosula in improve immunity, and to explore its mechanisms. Methods CTX was administered intraperitoneal (i. p.) to induce the immunosuppressive model. Serum was collected by aorta abdominalis on the last day for detecting immunocyte, immunokine and 1H NMR analysis. Results Codonopsis pilosula and its processed products could increase the numbers of white blood cells and B lymphocytes, as well as the ratio of CD4+ and CD8 + T cells. The regulation effects of honey-fried Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis pilosula on IL-2, IgG and sigA were better than those of rice-fried Codonopsis pilosula. Honeyfried Codonopsis pilosula could significantly improve the levels of leucine, isoleucine, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, glucose and valine etc. Conclusions Honeyfried Codonopsis pilosula could play the best role in immunosuppressive rats through regulating valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism, glutamate and glutamine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.

3D printing technology in drug delivery system / 国际药学研究杂志

Three-dimensional (3D) printing,a type of rapid prototyping technology,is based on a digital model file and prints layer-by-layer using adhesive materials,such as powdered metal or plastic.3D printing has attracted much attention in the pharmaceutical field because of the various advantages,such as simple operation,good flexibility,high repeatability,wide adaptability,and more importantly,customized service.Currently,it is used in formulations of immediate release,sustained release,implants,etc.Recently,the integration of medical devices and drugs with 3D printing has been gaining popularity.This review not only summarizes the latest progress in techniques,materials,and pharmaceutical dosage forms used in drug delivery system with 3D printing,but also analyzes its advantages and limitations,with the hope of providing reference for the development and application of 3D printing technology in drug delivery.This novel drug delivery system will bring new vitality to individualized medication.

Enhanced anti-asthma effect of white mustard seed varnish cataplasm by iontophoresis and sonophoresis / 药学学报

Topically applied traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) generally show low transdermal rates and doses, leading to weak therapeutic efficacy. Here, cataplasm of white mustard seed varnish was prepared. The effects of iontophoresis and sonophoresis on the transdermal delivery of this TCM and its anti-asthma effect were evaluated. Active components of white mustard seed, rhizoma corydalis and Radix Kansui were obtained after alcohol extraction, respectively. The volatile oil in Asarum Heterotropoides were obtained with volatile oil extraction equipment. The drug loading ratio of cataplasms was 17% (w/w). Franz cell diffusion method was used to evaluate the accumulated permeation amount and the steady-state transdermal absorption rate of sodium thiocyanate. The improvement of sonophoresis on transdermal absorption was higher than that of iontophoresis.Asthma model of guinea pigs were established. Cataplasms of white mustard seed varnish were applied on the back of guinea pigs. Iontophoresis and sonophoresis obviously promoted the transdermal absorption and enhanced anti-asthma efficacy of white mustard seed varnish cataplasms. Pathological analysis showed that iontophoresis and sonophoresis significantly alleviated inflammation. Compared with the model group, IL-4 and IgE levels in the cataplasm group, cataplasm/iontophoresis group, cataplasm/sonophoresis group decreased obviously, although the IFN-γ levels markedly increased. Moreover, the therapeutic efficacy of cataplasm/sonophoresis group was the best in all the groups, even leading to levels similar to that of healthy animals. Iontophoresis and sonophoresis are effective methods to promote transdermal absorption of cataplasms. Moreover, the effect of sonophoresis is higher than that of iontophoresis. Physical penetration improvement techniques provide a novel insight for the wide application of transdermal TCM.

Feasibility study of QAMS for quantitative analysis of multiple structural types of ingredients in Atractylodis Rhizome by GC / 中国中药杂志

In this study， quantitative analysis of multi-components with single marker(QAMS) was established and validated to simultaneously determine four sesquiterpenoids(β-eudesmol， atractylon， atractylolideⅠ， atractylolide Ⅱ) in Atractylodis Rhizome based on the gas chromatographic method(GC). Using β-eudesmol as the contrast， the relative correctionfactors(RCF) of the other three sesquiterpenoids were determined by GC. Within the line arranges，the values of RCF of β-eudesmol to atractylon， atractylolideⅠand atractylolide Ⅱ were 0.823， 0.690 and 0.766， respectively. The RCF had a good reproducibility in various instruments， chromatographic columns. According to their RCF， we simultaneously determined four sesquiterpenoids in Atractylodis Rhizome only using one marker. The results of QAMS method were validated by comparing with that of internal standard method， and no obvious significant difference was found.