Research progress on the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on radiation-induced brain injury / 生理学报

Radiation-induced brain injury is a serious complication after cranio-cerebral radiotherapy, which affects the patient's quality of life and survival. A large number of studies have shown that various mechanisms such as neuronal apoptosis, blood-brain barrier damage, and synaptic dysfunction may be related to radiation-induced brain injury. Acupuncture has an important role in clinical rehabilitation of various brain injuries. As a new type of acupuncture, electroacupuncture has the characteristics of strong control ability, uniform and long-lasting stimulation, and is widely used in clinic. This article reviews the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on radiation-induced brain injury, in order to provide a theoretical basis and experimental support for reasonable clinical application.

Effect of electroacupuncture on proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells in young mice with Alzheimer's disease / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampus of young mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of AD.@*METHODS@#Forty 1.5-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic male mice were randomly divided into an EA group and a model group, 20 mice in each group, and other 20 C57BL/6J male mice of the same age were used as the normal control group. EA (intermittment wave 10 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20), "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Shenshu" (BL 23) for 20 min, once a day, 6 days a week for 16 weeks. H.E. staining was used to assess histopathological changes of neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Immunohistochemical stain was used to detect the expression of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive in the hippocampus, and immunofluorescence double-labeled technique was used to detect the number of proliferated positive neurons of hippocampal neural stem cells. The expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Nestin mRNA and protein were detected by using real-time PCR and Western blot, separately.@*RESULTS@#The immunoactivity of BrdU, and the expression levels of BDNF and Nestin mRNA and protein in the hippocampus in the model group were significantly lower than in the normal control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), and considerably higher in the EA group than in the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The number of BrdU/NeuN dual labeled neurons was slightly increased in the model group than in the normal control group (P>0.05), and evidently increased in the EA group relevant to the model group (P<0.05), suggesting a proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells. After modeling, the neurons of hippocampal dentate gyrus were arranged loosely and irregularly and their structure was fuzzy, with an appearance of different degrees of nuclear pyknosis, whereas in the EA group, the neuronal contour was clear and the nuclear structure was relatively distinct.@*CONCLUSION@#EA can activate the proliferation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus in AD mice, which may contribute to its function in improving the neuronal structure by upregulating the expression of BDNF.

Effects of electroacupuncture with different courses on the synaptic structure and synaptic function-related proteins in mice with radiation-induced brain injury / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different courses of electroacupuncture on synaptic structure and synaptic function-related proteins expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of radiation-induced brain injury mice. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into control group, radiation-induced brain injury model group, 1-week electroacupuncture group (EA1), 2-week electroacupuncture group (EA2), 3-week electroacupuncture group (EA3), and electroacupuncture-control (EA-Ctrl) group. The mice in model group were exposed to X-ray irradiation (8 Gy, 10 min) to establish radiation-induced brain injury model. The mice in EA groups were acupunctured at electroacupuncture points (Baihui, Fengfu and bilateral Shenshu) for 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks respectively after radiation. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe synaptic structure in hippocampal CA1 region. The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synapsin-1 and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) in the hippocampal CA1 region of each group were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the nuclear gap in model and EA-Ctrl groups was significantly decreased compared to control group, however nucleus to cytoplasm ratio was significantly increased. The synaptic cleft, postsynaptic density (PSD) thickness, the mitochondrial surface density, volume density and specific surface area were significantly reduced. Compared with model group, the nucleus to cytoplasm ratio of EA2 group was significantly decreased, the PSD thickness and mitochondrial volume density were significantly increased; the nuclear gap of EA3 group was significantly increased, nucleus to cytoplasm ratio was significantly decreased, synaptic cleft and PSD thickness were significantly increased, and the mitochondrial surface density and specific surface area were all increased significantly. In addition, compared with the control group, the gene and protein expressions of BDNF, synapsin-1 and PSD95 in the hippocampal CA1 region of the model group and EA-Ctrl group were significantly decreased. However, compared with the model group, the gene expression of synapsin-1 in EA groups was significantly up-regulated, the gene expression of BDNF in EA1 and EA2 groups was significantly up-regulated, and the gene expression of PSD95 in EA2 group was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the protein expressions of BDNF, synapsin-1 and PSD95 of EA groups were significantly up-regulated compared with the model group. These results indicate that the synaptic structure and the expression of synaptic function-related proteins in hippocampal CA1 region were injured by radiation exposure, whereas electroacupuncture intervention can significantly improve the synaptic structure and function damage caused by radiation.

Analysis on the law of height growth spurt in adolescence of children and adolescents in Zhongshan City / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics of the age at peak height velocity and peak height velocity of primary and middle school students in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, and to explore the law of the sudden increase in adolescent height in this area, and to understand the law of height growth spurt in adolescence by longitudinal tracking of the height of children and adolescents in Zhong-shan City.@*METHODS@#Based on the physical examination database of primary and middle school students in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province from 2005 to 2016, individuals who had been continuously tracked for more than 6 times were selected as research samples. SITAR model was used to fit the height data of the sample population, and the age at peak height velocity and peak height velocity were calcula-ted.@*RESULTS@#A total of 49 579 subjects were included in this study, including 26 524 boys and 26 008 urban students. The median follow-up ages of boys and girls were 7.74 and 7.72 years, respectively. The boy's height spurt peak age was (12.72±0.89) years, and later than the girls at the age of (10.98±0.95) years (t=207.639, P < 0.001), the boy's height spurt peak velocity of (10.12±1.49) cm/year, higher than the girls of (8.35±1.12) cm/year (t=150.826, P < 0.001). The gender differences of height spurt peak age and height spurt peak speed in urban and rural students were consistent with the whole sample. The height surge peak age of urban male students was earlier than that of rural male students, and the height surge peak speed of urban female students was lower than that of rural female students.@*CONCLUSION@#The peak age of the surge of girls was earlier than that of boys, but the peak rate of the surge of girls was lower than that of boys, the peak age of urban students was earlier than that of rural students, but the peak rate of urban boys was lower than that of rural boys in Guangdong Province.

Association between the blood pressure status and nutritional status among Chinese students aged 7-18 years in 2014: based on the national blood pressure reference for Chinese children and adolescents / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the epidemic situation of blood pressure (BP) status and its association with nutritional status among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in 2014, and to provide important scientific basis for the control of students' hypertension.@*METHODS@#All the subjects aged 7 to 18 years in both genders were sampled from 2014 Chinese national surveys on students' constitution and health. BP status was evaluated according to Chinese national gender-, age- and height-specific references, including hypertension (HTN), elevated hypertension (elevated HTN), isolated systolic HTN (SHTN), isolated diastolic HTN (DHTN) and mix HTN. Their nutritional status was evaluated using the international obesity task force (IOTF) definition, including thinness (severe thinness and moderate thinness), normal, overweight and obesity (severe obesity and moderate obesity). The Logistics method was used to analyze the association between BP status and nutritional status. The population attributable risk (PAR%) of overweight and obesity for BP status was calculated.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of HTN and elevated HTN among the Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in 2014 was 14.9% and 9.2%, respectively. And the prevalence of isolated SHTN, isolated DHTN and mix HTN was 3.1%, 8.8% and 3.0%, respectively. The prevalence estimates for HTN differed the greatest for the boys, those in rural, those with high age, those in the East, and those with high BMI. The highest prevalence of HTN was detected in those with severe obesity with 44.2% and 38.8% in the boys and girls respectively, which was 2.8-fold and 3.7-fold than those with normal groups. The negative association was detected between HTN and thinness, but the positive association with overweight and obesity. The PAR% of HTN due to overweight and obesity was 16.2%, and the expected prevalence of HTN was 12.5% if controlling for overweight and obesity. Higher PAR% of isolated SHTN and mix HTN due to overweight and obesity was detected in the Chinese children and adolescents with proportions of 28.7% and 35.1%.@*CONCLUSION@#The prevalence of HTN among the Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years was still high, whose components mainly focused on isolated DHTN. Overweight and obesity can increase the risk of HTN in children and adolescents significantly, especially for isolated SHTN and mix HTN. Controlling for overweight and obesity can decrease the risk of HTN among Chinese national children and adolescents largely, which can play an important role in preventing the occurrence of chronic disease in adults.

Expression of Apoptosis-related Protein Livin and Caspase-3 in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma and Its Clinical Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression levels of Livin and Caspase-3 proteins in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to explore its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment and evaluation prognosis of DLBCL.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohisto-chemical staining was performed to detect the expression of Livin and Caspase-3 in the samples from 51 DLBCL patients and 20 patients with reactive hyperplasia of lymph node (RHL). The relation between Livin and Caspase-3 with the factors influencing the prognosis of DLBCL was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Livinwas not expressed in the tissues of RHL, but its expression rates reached to 58.82%(30/51) in 51 cases of DLBCL(P<0.05). The expression rats of Caspase-3 in DLBCL and RHL were 25.49%(13/51) and 85.0%(17/20) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The expression level of Livin in DLBCL tissues was related with clinical stage and pathological type(P<0.01, P<0.01). The expression of Livin was not obviously related with sex, age and extranodal involvement. The expression level of Caspase-3 in DLBCL tissues was related with clinical stage (P<0.05). The expression of Caspase-3 was not obviously related with sex, age, pathological type and extranodal involvement. There was a negative correlation between Livin and Caspase-3 in DLBCL(γ=-0.333,P=0.017). Kaplan-meier survival analysis revealed that the expressions of Livin and Caspase-3 were related stalistically significantly with the patients prognosis (P<0.01, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Over-expression of Livin in DLBCL and DLBCL of non-GCB subtypes, and low-expression of Caspase-3 in DLBCL may play a significant role in clinical prognosis of DLBCL.</p>

Expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and LC3 in ovarian serous carcinoma and their clinical significance / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To detect the expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein1 light chain3 (LC3) in ovarian serous carcinoma (OSC) and to analyze the correlations with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with OSC.Methods Immunohistochemical staining of MaxVision two-step was performed to detect the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 in the samples from 63 OSC patients and 20 with benign ovarian serous cystadenomas.The relation between Beclin1 and LC3 with the factors influencing the prognosis of OSC was investgated.The expression levels of mRNA and proteins in 10 fresh OSC samples and their corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The positive percentage of Beclin1 and LC3 protein in the tissues of OSC was 36.51％ and 33.33％,which was significantly lower than that of 65.00％ and 60.00％ in serous cystadenomas (P =0.025,P =0.034).The expression of Beclin1 in OSC was significantly correlated with clinical FIGO stage and pathological grade (P =0.001,P =0.001),but not associated with age,site,tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of LC3 protein in OSC was significantly with clinical FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis (P =0.013,P =0.041),but not associated with age,site,tumor size and pathological grade (P ＞ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between Beclin1 and LC3 in OSC (rs =0.373,P =0.03).The levels of Beclin1 and LC3 mRNA (0.581-±0.091,0.650 ±0.090) in 10 fresh OSC were significantly lower than in their adjacent noncancerous tissues (t=8.083,t =6.614,P =0.016,P =0.022).The levels of Beclin1 and LC3 protein in 10 fresh OSCs were significantly lower than in their adjacent noncancerous tissues (P ＜ 0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analyses revealed that the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 were associated with the patients prognosis (P =0.028 3,P =0.018 5).Conclusion Expression of Beclin1 and LC3 protein is down-regulated in the tissues of OSC which lead to decrease of function of autophagy.The decrease of Beclin1 and LC3 may be associated with the development and prognosis of OSC.

Effect of 4-week Whole Body Vibration on Distal Radius Density / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To assess the effects of high-frequency loading using whole body vibration on distal radius density in adults.Methods The volunteers diagnosed with osteoporosis or osteopenia in the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2011 to December 2014 were recruited. All the subjects performed foot-based, whole body vibrations on the vibration platform (35 Hz, 0.25 g) once a day, for 15 minutes per session over a period of 4 weeks. The bone mineral density of distal radius (rBMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at before, 2-week, and 4-week after the vibration treatment. Blood pressures were measured at the end of the vibration treatment.Results A total of 114 volunteers were enrolled. The average rBMD before the treatment was 0.331±0.014 g/cm. It was reached 0.337±0.019 g/cmat the end of the fourth week, increased by 1.79% (P<0.05). Whole body vibration increased rBMD of men and women respectively (1.77% and 1.80%, P<0.05). Blood pressures did not change in any of the groups.Conclusion A 4-week whole body vibration was feasible and contributed to increase of rBMD.

Role of CD24 in anoikis resistance of ovarian cancer cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study examined the effect of CD24 on anoikis of ovarian cancer cells. The expression of CD24 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting in ovarian cancer cells with high metastatic potential (HO-8910PM cells) and low metastatic potential (A2780 cells). Cell viability and cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay in suspension culture and adhesion culture. Soft agar culture was used to observe the colony formation. Anoikis was flow cytometrically detected. The results showed that the expression levels of CD24 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in HO-8910PM cells than in A2780 cells (P<0.01). In the suspension culture and soft agar culture, the HO-8910PM cells formed larger and more colonies (35.33 ± 5.51 vs. 16.67 ± 4.04; P<0.01), and showed a stronger resistance to anoikis than A2780 cells did (cell apoptosis rate: 5.93% ± 2 .38% vs. 16.32% ± 2.00%; P<0.01). After treated with CD24 monoclonal antibodies, the number of colony formed in HO-8910PM and A2780 cells was significantly decreased (9.33 ± 2.52 and 8.00 ± 2.00, respectively), and the anoikis rate of the two cell lines was also markedly increased (23.11% ± 2.87% and 28.36% ± 2.29%, respectively). Our study suggested that CD24 may play an important role in the development of anoikis resistance and CD24 can be used as a new therapeutic target to induce anoikis and inhibit metastasis in ovarian cancer.

Role of CD24 in anoikis resistance of ovarian cancer cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study examined the effect of CD24 on anoikis of ovarian cancer cells. The expression of CD24 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting in ovarian cancer cells with high metastatic potential (HO-8910PM cells) and low metastatic potential (A2780 cells). Cell viability and cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay in suspension culture and adhesion culture. Soft agar culture was used to observe the colony formation. Anoikis was flow cytometrically detected. The results showed that the expression levels of CD24 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in HO-8910PM cells than in A2780 cells (P<0.01). In the suspension culture and soft agar culture, the HO-8910PM cells formed larger and more colonies (35.33±5.51 vs. 16.67±4.04; P<0.01), and showed a stronger resistance to anoikis than A2780 cells did (cell apoptosis rate: 5.93%±2.38% vs. 16.32%±2.00%; P<0.01). After treated with CD24 monoclonal antibodies, the number of colony formed in HO-8910PM and A2780 cells was significantly decreased (9.33±2.52 and 8.00±2.00, respectively), and the anoikis rate of the two cell lines was also markedly increased (23.11%±2.87% and 28.36%±2.29%, respectively). Our study suggested that CD24 may play an important role in the development of anoikis resistance and CD24 can be used as a new therapeutic target to induce anoikis and inhibit metastasis in ovarian cancer.

Treating primary dysmenorrhea by lingtong capsule: a randomized double-blind clinical observation / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of Lingtong Capsule (LC) in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 59 PD patients took LC, while 59 patients in the placebo group took placebo capsule, two pills immediately when they felt dysmenorrhea. Their pain levels were quantitatively classified. The pain score was assessed at an interval of 30 min using visual analogue scale/score (VAS) while taking medicine and within two h after taking medicine. It was assessed as effective when the pain level was reduced by more than or equal to 50% within 2 h.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 69.49% (41/ 59) in the LC group and 20.34% (12/59) in the placebo group (P < 0.01). The analgesia effect was obviously superior in the LC group 60 min after taking medicine (P < 0.01). LC showed better effect in treating mild, moderate, and severe PD (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LC showed obvious analgesia effect on PD.</p>

Post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome treated with floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome between floating-needle therapy and conventional acupuncture on the basis of rehabilitation training.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred cases of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were randomized into a floating-needle group and an acupuncture group, 50 cases in each one. The passive and positive rehabilitation training was adopted in the two groups. Additionally, in the floating-needle group, the floating-needle therapy was used. The needle was inserted at the site 5 to 10 cm away from myofasical trigger point (MTrP), manipulated and scattered subcutaneously, for 2 min continuously. In the acupuncture group, the conventional acupuncture was applied at Jianqian (EX-UE), Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), etc. The treatment was given once every two days, 3 times a week, and 14 days of treatment were required. The shoulder hand syndrome scale (SHSS), the short form McGill pain scale (SF-MPQ) and the modified Fugl-Meyer motor function scale (FMA) were used to evaluate the damage severity, pain and motor function of the upper limbs before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SHSS score, SF-MPQ score and FMA score were improved significantly after treatment in the two groups (all P < 0.01), and the improvements in the floating-needle group were superior to those in the acupuncture group (all P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 94.0% (47/50) in the floating-needle group, which was better than 90.0% (45/50) in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training achieves a satisfactory efficacy on post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome, which is better than the combined therapy of conventional acupuncture and rehabilitation training.</p>

Influence of blastocysts morphological score on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers: a retrospective study of 741 cycles / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The influence of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) score on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles was analyzed. A retrospective analysis of 741 cycles of frozen-thawed blastosysts transfer was performed. All cycles were divided into four groups based on the number and morphological score of blastocysts: S-ICM B/TE B group (n=91), the single blastocyst transfer of ICM B and TE B; D-ICM B/TE B group (n=579), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE B; D-ICM B/TE C group (n=35), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE C; and D-ICM C/TE B group (n=36), double blastocysts transfer of TE B/ICM C. The pregnancy outcomes were compared among the four groups. As compared with D-ICM B/TE C group, the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and multiple pregnancy rate were increased in D-ICM B/TE B group (74.96% vs. 57.14%, 57.43% vs. 37.14%, and 48.62% vs. 25%, respectively, P<0.05 for all). Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in D-ICM B/TE B group were also higher than in D-ICM C/TE B group (74.96% vs. 50%, and 57.43% vs. 33.33%, both P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that ICM score was a better predictive parameter for clinical pregnancy (OR=3.05, CI 1.70-5.46, P<0.001), while the trophectoderm score was a better one for early abortion (OR=0.074, CI 0.03-0.19, P<0.001). Clinical pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate in S-ICM B/TE B group were significantly lower than those in D-ICM B/TE B group (46.15% vs. 74.96%, and 2.38% vs. 48.62%, both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the implantation rate between the two groups. It was suggested that the higher score of ICM and TE may be indicative of the better pregnancy outcomes. The ICM score is a better predictor of clinical pregnancy than TE, while TE score is a better one in predicting early abortion. Single ICM B/TE B blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles can also get satisfactory pregnancy outcomes.

Influence of blastocysts morphological score on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers: a retrospective study of 741 cycles / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The influence of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) score on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles was analyzed. A retrospective analysis of 741 cycles of frozen-thawed blastosysts transfer was performed. All cycles were divided into four groups based on the number and morphological score of blastocysts: S-ICM B/TE B group (n=91), the single blastocyst transfer of ICM B and TE B; D-ICM B/TE B group (n=579), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE B; D-ICM B/TE C group (n=35), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE C; and D-ICM C/TE B group (n=36), double blastocysts transfer of TE B/ICM C. The pregnancy outcomes were compared among the four groups. As compared with D-ICM B/TE C group, the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and multiple pregnancy rate were increased in D-ICM B/TE B group (74.96% vs. 57.14%, 57.43% vs. 37.14%, and 48.62% vs. 25%, respectively, P<0.05 for all). Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in D-ICM B/TE B group were also higher than in D-ICM C/TE B group (74.96% vs. 50%, and 57.43% vs. 33.33%, both P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that ICM score was a better predictive parameter for clinical pregnancy (OR=3.05, CI 1.70-5.46, P<0.001), while the trophectoderm score was a better one for early abortion (OR=0.074, CI 0.03-0.19, P<0.001). Clinical pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate in S-ICM B/TE B group were significantly lower than those in D-ICM B/TE B group (46.15% vs. 74.96%, and 2.38% vs. 48.62%, both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the implantation rate between the two groups. It was suggested that the higher score of ICM and TE may be indicative of the better pregnancy outcomes. The ICM score is a better predictor of clinical pregnancy than TE, while TE score is a better one in predicting early abortion. Single ICM B/TE B blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles can also get satisfactory pregnancy outcomes.

Related factors of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy caused by atrial tachycardia in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between various types of atrial tachycardia (AT) and tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy(TIC) in children and to assess the risk factors for the development of TIC.Methods Patients with AT were divided into 2 groups depending on whether complicated with TIC or not,defined as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) ＜ 50％ on echocardiography.The presence of atrial rhythm in Holter monitoring,ventricular rate of AT,and the type of AT onset were compared between the 2 groups; the risk factors associated with TIC were also analyzed.Results Totally 72 patients were enrolled in this study.The incidence of TIC was 23.6％.The incidence of TIC in patients presenting incessant tachycardia was significantly higher than that of patients presenting paroxysmal tachycardia(53.6％ vs 4.5％,P ＜ 0.01).Patients with TIC had a higher mean atrial rhythm percent [(98 ± 5) ％ vs (37 ± 4) ％,P ＜ 0.001] and faster mean ventricular rate [(134.25 ± 19.24) beats/min vs (100.03 ± 18.83) beats/min,P ＜ 0.05] compared with those without TIC.After successful control of tachycardia,LVEF in patients with TIC gradually recovered within 6 to 75 days [(29.44 ± 21.62) days].Conclusions An incessant AT with higher percent of atrial rhythm and faster mean ventricular rate is more frequently complicated by cardiomyopathy.Recovery of TIC can be achieved after successful control of AT.Early intervention and treatment should be performed for those with high risk factors for the development of TIC.

Effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation for different types of tachyarrhythmias in 1000 children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the success rate,factors associated with recurrence,safety and effect of age on results of radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA) for different types of tachyarrhythmias in children.Methods A thousand children diagnosed as tachyarrhythmias underwent electrophysiological study (EPS),with mean age (7.6 ±3.8) years old(0.33-16.50 years old).RFCA methods and results for different kinds of tachyarrhythmias along with recurrence and complications were analyzed.RFCA results for different age groups were compared.Results A thousand children underwent EPS.The number of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia(AVRT) was 560 (56％),atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) was 210 (21％),ventricular tachycardia/ventricular premature contraction (VT/PVC) was 159 (15.9％),focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) was 49 (4.9％),and atrial flutter/incisional reentrant atrial tachycardia (AF/IRAT) was 22 (2.2％).Totally 958 children underwent RFCA,among whom success rate was 96.2％ and recurrence rate was 8.1％.EPS performed on recurred cases showed restoration of primary pathway/origin was 5.3％,while appearance of new pathway/origin was 2.8％.Five hundred and thirty-three AVRT cases underwent RFCA,among whom success rate was 98.0％,recurrence rate was 8.4％,restoration of primary pathway was 4.0％,and appearance of new pathway was 4.4％.Success rate of right anterior/mid septal pathway was relatively low (85.3 ％),but its rate of restoration of primary pathway was high (31.0％),as 205 cases of AVNRT underwent RFCA,among whom success rate was 100％,recurrence rate was 5.9％,and restoration of primary origin was 4.9％,while 22 cases of AF/IRAT underwent RFCA,among whom success rate was 95.5％ with no recurrence,46 cases of FAT underwent RFCA,in which success rate was 84.8％ ; success rates for two-dimensional mapping group and three-dimensional mapping combined with cool-tip ablation group were 62.5％ and 96.7％ respectively and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05),as 10 cases recurred in which 7 originated from atrial appendages,and these 7 cases were successfully cured by appendectomy,152 cases of VT/PVC underwent RFCA,in which success rate was 89.5％,recurrence rate was 6.6％,restoration of primary origin was 5.9％.There was no difference in success rate between different age groups.The gross success rates and success rates for different types of arrhythmias between early and late periods were not different,while recurrence rates for AVNRT and left anterior pathways in early periods were significantly higher than late periods(P ＜0.05).There were totally 8 cases with complications(0.84％),including 2 cases of complete atrioventricular block and 1 case of anesthetic accident which happened in early period.The other 5 were vascular complications,and there was no death.Conclusions RFCA can be safely used as frontline treatment to cure some kinds of tachyarrhythmias in children with high success rate and low recurrence rate.There is no difference in rates of success,recurrence and complication between younger and older children,while difficulty for procedure increased for the former so that caution should be made for selection of patients.Application of three-dimensional mapping for difficult arrhythmias can increase success rate for ablation.Proficient experience and skillful manipulation are the main factors to avoid complications.

Pacemaker/ICD lead extraction with the excimer laser sheath: a single center experience / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of Excimer laser-assisted lead extraction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Consecutive lead extraction in 16 patients using the excimer laser sheath from Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Minnesota between March 2008 and December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics including basic disease, cardiac function, indication and reason for lead removal, lead characteristic, and complication were summarized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty one leads (laser sheaths were used in 25 leads) in 16 patients [mean age (67.4 ± 9.1) years, range 54 - 82 years] were extracted. All leads were extracted successfully without complication. Most patients had severe heart diseases with left ventricular ejection fraction of 20% - 60% (mean 36.4% ± 13.4%). Mean implant time was (73.9 ± 62.9) months (range 3 - 251 months). Nine patients had Class I indications for lead extraction, 7 patients for Class II indications. Atrial lead fractured in one patient during lead extraction, the remaining part of the lead was taken out from femoral vein by a snare-catheter apparatus. Another patient developed CS dissection and small pericardium perfusion during LV lead implantation (upgrade to BiV-ICD) post successful lead extraction and patient discharged without complication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our single center experience suggests that Excimer Laser Sheath Lead Removal System is safe and effective in extracting pacemaker and ICD leads.</p>

Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of liposomal mitoxantrone hydrochloride / 药学学报

This study is to compare the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of liposomal mitoxantrone (Mit-lipo) and free mitoxantrone (Mit-free). The antineoplastic effect of Mit-lipo was evaluated on PC-3 human xenograft tumor model after repeated intravenous injection at dose levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg x kg(-1). The pharmacokinetic study of Mit-lipo and Mit-free was performed on dogs following a single intravenous injection. The tissue distribution of Mit-lipo and Mit-free was observed on S-180 bearing mice after a single intravenous injection. (1) Pharmacodynamics: Mit-lipo dose-dependently inhibited PC-3 tumor growth at a dose ranging from 1 to 4 mg x kg(-1). The antitumor effect studies showed that Mit-lipo significantly improved the therapeutic effect in comparison with free drug. (2) Pharmacokinetics: in comparison with Mit-free, the AUC and t(1/2) values of Mit-lipo at the same dose level were higher than those of Mit-free in Beagle dogs. The results showed that Mit-lipo had long circulation characteristics. (3) Tissue distribution in S-180 bearing mice: compared to Mit-free, Mit-lipo preferentially accumulated into tumor zones instead of normal tissues. Tumor AUC in Mit-lipo treated animals was 8.7 fold higher than that in mice treated with the same dose of Mit-free. The Cmax values of Mit-lipo in heart, kidney, lung, spleen and intestinal tissue in Mit-lipo were 30.2%, 161.6%, 20.2%, 27.9% and 78.3% lower than those of Mit-free, respectively. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Mit-lipo changed obviously, thus increasing therapeutic effect and improving drug therapeutic index.

Observation on therapeutic effect of fire-needle therapy on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of fire-needle therapy on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases were randomly divided into a fire-needle group and an electroacupuncture group, 30 cases in each group. The fire-needle group was treated with fire-needle therapy and routine acupuncture, i.e., the fire-needle was given to the points on the lesion segments, and Jiaji (EX-B 2) and Ashi points above and bellow the segments, and routine acupuncture was given at Shenshu (BL 23), Zhibian (BL 54), Huantiao (GB 30), etc.; the electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture at the points as those in the fire-needle group. The scores of McGill Pain Rating Scale, Visual Analogous Scale (VAS) and present pain intensity (PPI) were compared before and after treatment for 2 weeks in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, all of the scores of McGill Pain Rating Scale, VAS and PPI were significantly decreased (all P < 0.01); the scores of emotion in the McGill Pain Rating Scale, VAS and PPI in the fire-needle group were significantly decreased as compared with those of the electroacupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both fire-needle therapy and electroacupuncture can effectively relieve pain in the patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, but the former is better than the latter.</p>

Observation on therapeutic effect of acupoint application on dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome and effect on prostaglandins / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of acupoint application on dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome and its effect on prostaglandins.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients with primary dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome were randomly divided into an application group and a medication group. The application group of 31 cases were treated with application of Chinese medicine composed of Zhinanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis), Sanleng (Rhizoma Sparganii), Ezhu (Rhizoma Zedoariae), etc. at Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6); and the medication group of 30 cases were treated with oral administration of Tianqi Tongjing Capsules. The scores for the pain degrees and the duration of dysmenorrhea were observed and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents in peripheral blood were determined before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of 93.5% in the application group was significantly better than 73.3% in the medication group (P < 0.05); after treatment, the scores of the symptoms were significantly decreased in the two groups (both P < 0.01), with more obvious improvement in the application group than the medication group (P < 0.01). The PGE2 content was significantly increased, and the PGF2alpha content and PGF2alpha/PGE2 were significantly decreased in the application group (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupoint application has a better therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome and has benign regulative action on synthesis of prostaglandins in the patients with primary dysmenorrhea.</p>