Progress in Research on the Novel Tumor Marker circRNA / 中国医学科学院学报

Circular RNA(circRNA)is a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNA.Most circRNAs act as microRNA(miRNA)sponges to regulate the expression of functional genes.In addition,some circRNAs can be translated and interact with RNA-binding proteins to perform biological functions.The expression of circRNAs is prevalent in tissues and body fluids,and their abnormal expression is related to tumor progression.circRNAs are stable even under the treatment of RNase R because of their circular conformation.As circRNAs have construct stability,wide variety,specific regulation of tumor progression and high expression in body fluids,it is potential for circRNAs to serve as candidate diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic targets.However,the knowledge about circRNAs remains poor.In addition to the not completely resolved functions and generation mechanisms of circRNAs,the annotations of circRNAs are also waiting for expanding.Here,we review the generation mechanisms,biological functions,and application of circRNAs in tumor research,aiming to provide integrated information for the future research.

Acupoint thread-embedding as adjuvant therapy for bronchial asthma in children and its effect on pulmonary function, serum IgA and IgE levels / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy of acupoint thread-embedding combined with fluticasone propionate aerosol for chronic persistent bronchial asthma of lung-spleen @*METHODS@#A total of 120 children with chronic persistent bronchial asthma were randomly divided into an observation group (60 cases, 9 cases dropped off) and a control group (60 cases, 7 cases dropped off). The control group was treated with fluticasone propionate aerosol (125 μg per inhalation), twice a day; based on the control group treatment, the observation group was treated with acupoint thread-embedding at Dingchuan (EX-B 1), Feishu (BL 13), Zusanli (ST 36) and Danzhong (CV 17), once half a month. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The pulmonary function, serum IgA, IgE levels and TCM symptom score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the large airway function (peak expiratory flow [PEF], forced expiratory volume at the first second [FEV1]) and small airway function (maximal expiratory flow at 25% of the forced capacity [MEF25%], maximal expiratory flow at 50% of the forced capacity [MEF50%], maximal expiratory flow at 75% of the forced capacity [MEF75%] and midexpiratory flow 25%-75% [MEF25%-75%]) were higher than those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupoint thread-embedding combined with fluticasone propionate aerosol could improve the pulmonary function, TCM symptoms and serum IgA and IgE levels in children with chronic persistent bronchial asthma of lung-spleen

Study of TLRs recognition in the immune response post tumor chemotherapy / 中国免疫学杂志

Toll like receptor ( TLRs) is a highly conserved transmembrane protein expressed in epithelial cells and immune cells,which is a kind of important receptor to identify the damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs and DAMP produced by tumor cells after chemotherapy combine to produce the corresponding biological effects via MyD88 dependent and independent path-ways. At present,the research application of TLRs identifying DAMP clinically is mainly focused on promoting the release of the DAMP and enhancing the expression of TLRs to strengthen the immune effect of chemotherapy drugs.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein modulates differentiation of murine memory CD8T cell subpopulations / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on memory CD8T cell subpopulation differentiation in mice with autoimmune diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured splenic CD8T cells from pre-diabetic NOD mice isolated with magnetic beads were treated with 30 µg/mL ox-LDL and 10 U/mL interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 24 h and the control cells were treated with IL-2 only. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of splenic CD8IFN-γT cells, expressions of CD8, CD44 and CD62L on the T cells, and the activation of T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) and STAT-3. The CD127memory T cells were purified and transplanted into the pre-diabetic NOD mice via the tail vein, and the blood glucose was recorded weekly and survival time of the mice was monitored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment with ox-LDL significantly reduced islet β cell-specific cytotoxic CD8T cells as compared with the control group [(0.7∓0.03)% vs (2.7∓0.14)%, P<0.01]. The percentage of effector memory CD8T cells (Tem) in the total memory CD8T cells was reduced [(10.3∓0.71)% vs (30.3∓1.36)%, P<0.01] and that of stem cell-like memory T cells was significantly increased [(72.3∓3.8)% vs (55.1∓2.61)%, P<0.05] following ox-LDL treatment, which also resulted in significantly decreased activation of TCF-1 [(14.5∓0.82)% vs (34.2∓1.23)%, P<0.01] and pSTAT-3 [(3.3∓0.12)% vs (22.1∓1.1)%, P<0.01]. Transplantation of ox-LDL-treated memory T cells in pre-diabetic NOD mice obviously inhibited the increase of blood glucose and prolonged the survival time of the mice (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ox-LDL decreases the activation of transcriptional factors TCF-1 and phosphorylation of STAT-3, inhibits the formation of effector memory CD8T cells with long-term cytotoxicity, but promote the generation of stem cell-like memory CD8T cells, which result in suppression of islet β cell-specific effector cytotoxic CD8T cell differentiation to lessen autoimmune injury to the islet β cells.</p>

Distribution of pathogens from bile and clinical characteristics of patients with hepatobiliary diseases / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate isolation of pathogens from bile and clinical characteristics of patients with hepatobiliary diseases.Methods Bacterial culture result of bile and related clinical data of patients with hepatobiliary diseases in a hospital were collected and analyzed by retrospective survey.Results A total of 406 bile specimens from patients with hepatobiliary diseases were collected,the positive rate of culture was 64.53％.Of 262 positive specimens,62.21％ (n =163),32.83％ (n =86),and 4.96％ (n =13) were isolated single pathogen,2 kinds of pathogens,and 3 kinds of pathogens respectively.374 pathogenic strains were isolated,242 (64.71％),131 (35.02 ％),and 1 (0.27 ％) were gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungus respectively.Patients with cirrhosis of liver,history of hepatobiliary surgery,and cholelithiasis had higher isolation rates of pathogens from bile than control group(all P＜0.05),isolation rates of pathogens from bile in patients with cholelithiasis of different sites were varied;but there was no significant differences among patients of different age,gender,and whether or not with hepatobiliary tumors(all P＞0.05).There were no statistical difference in constitute of pathogenic species from bile between patients with and without gallstones,as well as with and without history of hepatobiliary surgery(both P＞0.05);while constitute of pathogenic species from bile between patients with and without cirrhosis of liver was statistically different(x2 =14.058,P =0.001).Conclusion Pathogens from bile in patients with hepatobiliary diseases are mainly Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp.which caused single infection.Positive culture rate of pathogens from bile is higher in patients with cholelithiasis,history of hepatobiliary surgery,and liver cirrhosis.

Expression of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in cervical cancer and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in cervical cancer and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells. Methods: The expressions of HOTAIR mRNA in 36 cervical cancer tissues and matched para-cancerous tissues were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR, and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. After HeLa cells infected with lentivirus containing HOTAIR -targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Results: The expression level of HOTAIR mRNA in cervical cancer tissues was higher than that in para-cancerous tissues (P 0.05). After knockdown of HOTAIR , the proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited (P 0/G1 and the apoptosis of HeLa cells were increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression level of HOTAIR in cervical cancer tissues is up-regulated. Knockdown of HOTAIR can inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and promote the apoptosis.

Changes of TIZ expression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells

OBJECTIVE@#To study the change of TIZ expression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells.@*METHODS@#HO8910 cells were transinfected with siRNA to inhibit the expression of TIZ. pcDNA3.1-TIZ vectors were combined to increase the TIZ expression level. The cell viability, colony forming efficiency and cycle distribution of HO8910, HO8910/NC, HO8910/pcDNA3.1-NC, HO8910/TIZ-573 and H08910/pcDNA3.1-TIZ were compared, and the invasion rate, migration rate and adhesion rate between 5 groups of cells were compared.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those of HO8910, HO8910/NC and HO8910/pcDNA3.1-NC, the cell viability, colony forming efficiency and cell cycle distribution of HO8910/TIZ-573 were increased, while the indexes of H08910/pcDNA3.1-NC were decreased with statistical significant difference (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of TIZ can inhibit the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Changes of TIZ expression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells

Objective: To study the change of TIZ expression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Methods: HO8910 cells were transinfected with siRNA to inhibit the expression of TIZ. pcDNA3.1-TIZ vectors were combined to increase the TIZ expression level. The cell viability, colony forming efficiency and cycle distribution of HO8910, HO8910/NC, HO8910/pcDNA3.1-NC, HO8910/TIZ-573 and H08910/pcDNA3.1-TIZ were compared, and the invasion rate, migration rate and adhesion rate between 5 groups of cells were compared. Results: Compared with those of HO8910, HO8910/NC and HO8910/pcDNA3.1-NC, the cell viability, colony forming efficiency and cell cycle distribution of HO8910/TIZ-573 were increased, while the indexes of H08910/pcDNA3.1-NC were decreased with statistical significant difference (. P0.05). Conclusions: The expression of TIZ can inhibit the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Effectiveness of cochlear implantation in children with auditory neuropathy and cochlear nerve aplasia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to assess of cochlear implantation in children with auditory neuropathy and cochlear nerve aplasia by using Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty one children with cochlear implants participated in this study. They all received cochlear implant surgery at our hospital from January 2004 to October 2010. All children had hearing aid trial and hearing and speech rehabilitation before surgery at least three months.Nine children (7 male, 2 female) were diagnosed with auditory neuropathy, twelve (7 male, 5 female) with cochlear nerve aplasia. Twenty children (10 male, 10 female) with sensorineural hearing loss served as a control group. All the children received cochlear implant for more than six months. Forty two children with normal hearing served as another control group which were divided into three subgroups according to their age.Group A included 18 children aged under two yrs, group B consisted of 16 children aged from two to four yrs and group C comprised eight children aged above four yrs. CAP and SIR were used to evaluate among all the children and the scores were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CAP scores of children with auditory neuropathy, cochlear nerve aplasia, sensorial neural hearing loss and the three subgroups children with normal hearing were 4.44 ± 1.50, 4.83 ± 1.69, 4.55 ± 1.66, 5.22 ± 1.11, 6.75 ± 0.45 and 7.00 ± 0.00 respectively, and SIR scores were 2.66 ± 1.11, 2.33 ± 1.15, 2.40 ± 0.75, 2.56 ± 1.04, 4.12 ± 0.81 and 5.00 ± 0.00 respectively. There were significant differences among the six groups for CAP scores(χ(2) = 35.481, P < 0.001) and SIR scores(χ(2) = 40.549, P < 0.001).No significant differences for CAP and SIR scores were observed between children with auditory neuropathy/cochlear nerve aplasia and sensorial neural hearing loss as well as group A (P > 0.05 for each), and there were significant differences were shown between children with auditory neuropathy/cochlear nerve aplasia and group B as well as group C (P < 0.01 for each aplasia).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The auditory and speech capabilities of children with auditory neuropathy and cochlear nerve deficiency can can get benefits from cochlear implants as children with sensorineural hearing loss, however not achieve the level of those with normal hearing after cochlear implantation. The long term effects still need follow-up and evaluation.</p>

Pathological grading analysis of liver biopsies in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers of different age ranges / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the best time of taking liver biopsy for chronic HBV carriers of age ranges and then guiding antiretroviral treatment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The liver biopsy pathologic results of 292 cases of chronic HBV carriers were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College. The patients were divided into three groups according to ages. The differences between groups were compared by calculating the ratio of inflammation above G2 or fibrosis staging above S2.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The percentages of the chronic HBV carriers with liver histopathology inflammation graded above G2 or fibrosis staging above S2 were 26.5% (36/136) in 11 to 29 year-old group, 39.4% (37/94) in 30-39 year-old group and 58.1% (36/62) in 40-60 year-old group. Significant difference existed among groups in general (P less than 0.01). 39.4% (37/94) of chronic HBV carriers were found with inflammation graded above G2 or fibrosis staging above S2 in 30-39 year-old group, no statistically significant difference found between group 30-39 years old and group and 40-60 years old 58.1% (36/62) (P less than 0.01). 26.5% (36/136) of chronic HBV carriers under 30 years old were with inflammation graded above G2 or fibrosis staging above S2 as compared with the percentage of 46.8% (73/156) in the chronic HBV carriers over 30 years old group, and significant difference existed between the two groups (P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The best time choice of taking liver biopsy should be at the ages elder than or equal to 30.</p>

Excision repair cross complementation group 1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Several studies have evaluated the association between polymorphisms of encoding excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1) enzyme and lung cancer risk in diverse populations but with conflicting results. By pooling the relatively small samples in each study, it is possible to perform a meta-analysis of the evidence by rigorous methods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Embase, Ovid, Medline and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched. Additional studies were identified from references in original studies or review articles. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically, and the reported data were aggregated using the statistical techniques of meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We found 3810 cases with lung cancer and 4332 controls from seven eligible studies. T19007C polymorphism showed no significant effect on lung cancer risk (C allele vs. T allele: odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80 - 1.04; CC vs. TT: OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.56 - 1.02; CC vs. (CT + TT): OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.84 - 1.10). Similarly, there was no significant main effects for T19007C polymorphism on lung cancer risk when stratified analyses by ethnicity (Chinese or Caucasian). No significant association was found between C8092A polymorphism (3060 patients and 2729 controls) and the risk of lung cancer (A allele vs. C allele: OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.95 - 1.11; AA vs. CC: OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.88 - 1.33; AA vs. (AC + CC): OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.88 - 1.31).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We found little evidence of an association between the T1900C or C8092A polymorphisms of ERCC 1 and the risk of lung cancer in Caucasian or Han Chinese people.</p>

Establishment of Reverse Genetics System for NDV Isolated from Goose / 微生物学通报

Eight fragments were amplified and cloned into pCR2.1 vector with the designed primers.The fragments,amplified with primer Ⅰ to Ⅶ,were subcloned into transcription vector to construct the plasmid pNDVZJI which contained the full-length cDNA of NDV ZJI strain.The eukaryotic expression vector pCI-L was constructed by subcloning the fragments,amplified with the primer Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅷ,into the expression vector pCI-neo.The full-length cDNA clone,pNDVZJI,with three helper plasmids,pCI-NP、pCI-P and pCI-L,were cotranfected into BSR-T7/5 cell expressing T7 RNA polymerase.After inoculation of transfected cell culture into embryonated chicken eggs from specific pathogen free(SPF)flock,The NDV of ZJI strain was rescued successfully,which laid a good foundation for the further related research.

Effect of Fusion Protein Cleavage Site Mutations of NDV ZJ1 Strain on Its Fusion Activity / 微生物学通报

NDV strain ZJ1 strain , a highly virulent NDV strain, has been prevalent among the waterfowls in China mainland in the past years. Multi-basic amino acid sequence distribute in the protease cleavage site of F protein of this strain. Recombinant expressing plasmid pCI-FT, was generated by converting multi-basic amino acid sequence of 112, 115, 117 of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein, to the non-basic amino acid sequence characteristic of avirulent NDV strain. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in COS-1 cells revealed that both mutant and parental F protein had fusion activity. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in CEF cells showed that the cleavage activity of mutant F protein was significantly reduced. The study built a foundation for mutagenesis of amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein at the full-length cDNA clone level, study on factors contributing to virulence and construction of candidate vaccine strain, and so on.