Efficacy of 25G+ vitrectomy for malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To observe the efficacy of 25G+ vitrectomy surgery for malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery. · METHODS: Totally 18 eyes of 18 patients with malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery were analyzed retrospectively from January 2013 to June 2016. The visual acuity was between hand moving to 0. 5 before surgery, the intraocular pressure was between 18. 3-56. 8mmHg before surgery, an average of 35. 21 ± 10. 43mmHg. The length eye axis was between 19. 60-22. 46mm, an average of 20. 63 ± 0. 48mm. The depth of anterior chamber was between 0. 98 - 1. 86mm, an average of 1. 31 ± 0. 22mm. All the patients were performed with 25G + vitrectomy. The visual acuity, anterior chamber and intraocular pressure were studied after treatment. ·RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 6-18mo with an average of 9mo. BCVA at the last follow up improved to 0. 2-0. 8, and there was significant difference compared to that before operation (P<0. 01). IOP was from 12. 3-19. 8mmHg, an average of 16. 05±2. 46mmHg, there was significant difference compared to that before operation ( t = 7. 59, P<0. 01 ). The depth of anterior chamber was between 1. 89-3. 49mm, an average of 2. 42±0. 47mm, there was significant difference compared to that before operation(t=9. 07, P<0. 01). Only one case had IOP of 8mmHg, after treatment the IOP was 15mmHg. No complications such as corneal endothelium decompensation, intraocular lens ( IOL ) capture, intraocular hemorrhage, infection and uncontrolled IOP were observed. · CONCLUSION: The 25G + vitrectomy is safe and effective for treating malignant glaucoma, controls IOP and reduces complications compared with traditional vitrectomy.

Liver injury in HIV-1-infected patients receiving non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based antiretroviral therapy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Liver injury is one of the most important adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy, leading to therapy changing or discontinuation. Data on liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy are limited in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients receiving non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based antiretroviral therapy in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-five patients on antiretroviral therapy containing non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (with liver injury, n = 45) and group 2 (without liver injury, n = 30). The features of liver injury were analyzed. The sex, age, baseline CD4 counts, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, hepatotoxic drug use and nevirapine or efavirenz use were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-five patients (60.0%), 31 (68.9%) males and 14 (31.1%) females, aged 12 to 52 years (averaged (39 ± 9) years), experienced at least one episode of liver injury. Forty (53.3%) patients were co-infected with HBV and/or HCV, 42 (56%) patients had concomitant use of antituberculosis drugs or cotrimoxazole, 46 (61.3%) and 29 (38.7%) patients received regimen containing nevirapine and efavirenz, respectively. Grade 1 liver injuries were observed in 26 (57.8%) patients, grade 2 in 16 (35.6%), grade 3 in 2 (4.0%) and grade 4 in 1 (2.2%). Three (6.7%) patients discontinued highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to liver injury. In group 1, there were 29 (64.4%) patients co-infected with HBV and/or HCV, 32 (71.1%) patients received regimen containing nevirapine, and 30 (66.7%) patients had concomitant use of anti-tuberculosis drugs or cotrimoxazole, respectively, significantly higher than those in group 2 (11 (36.7%), 14 (46.7%) and 12 (40%), respectively; P = 0.018, 0.033, 0.023, respectively). The sex, age, baseline CD4 counts and disease stage were not factors associated with liver injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Liver injury associated with HAART containing non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors was mild to moderate and those who were co-infected with HBV and/or HCV, had concomitant use of antituberculosis drugs or cotrimoxazole and received a regimen containing nevirapine were prone to liver injury while receiving HAART.</p>

Diagnostic imaging, preautopsy imaging and autopsy findings of / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Aquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presents a challenge to medical researchers because of its unique pathological and clinical picture. The clinical data, particularly autopsy evidence, from China have failed to provide enough pathological and etiological evidence for AIDS diagnosis, which impairs the reliability of the diagnosis and our full understanding of the occurrence and development of AIDS complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging and pathologic characteristics of AIDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Autopsy, imaging and pathological data from 8 cases of AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. Routine CT scanning of different body parts was performed during their periods of hospitalization. Transverse CT scanning was conducted from the skull to the pelvis immediately after the occurrence of death. After routine formalin fixing, 7 cardevers were cross sectioned for autopsy in freezing state and 1 for gross autopsy. Tissues were obtained from each section and organs for pathological examinations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The autopsy data indicated the presence of parasitic infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and virus infections in AIDS patients. Pneumocystis pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, coccobacteria pneumonia, Aspergillus pneumonia, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, toxoplasma encephalitis, lymphoma and cerebrovascular diseases were found in these patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>During the course of AIDS progression, the concurrent multiple infections as well as tumor development may result in multiple organ pathological changes and clinically complex symptoms that further complicate the imaging and pathological manifestations, thus resulting in difficult differential diagnosis. A combination of imaging data and autopsy data can help to clarify the diagnosis.</p>

Apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cell induced by bleomycin in lung fibrotic rat / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of bleomycin (BLM) on the apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cell (AT II) in lung fibrotic rats and its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 8) and BLM group (n = 24). Rats in sham group or BLM group were intratracheally instillated with saline or 5 mg/kg of bleomycin, respectively. One, three, and seven days after the instillation of bleomycin, 8 rats in BLM group were taken for AT II isolation and purification. Rats in sham group were used to isolate and purify AT II on 7 days after the instillation of saline. The cell cycle and apoptosis, intracellular free calcium concentration, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in AT II were determined by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and Fas. Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 activities were measured by Caspase activity detection kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of S phase AT II in BLM group was significantly lower than in sham group (P < 0.05). AT II apoptosis rates on day 1 and 3 were significantly higher in BLM group than in sham group (P < 0.01). Intracellular free calcium concentrations in BLM group were significantly higher than in sham group (P < 0.05). However, MMP was significantly lower than sham group (P < 0.05). The positive rates of Bax, Fas and Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 activities of BLM group were significantly higher than those of sham group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The positive rates of Bcl-2 on day 1 and 3 were significantly lower than those of sham group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early AT II apoptosis may be induced by bleomycin, which may be explained by the increase of intracellular free calcium concentration, depression of MMP, increased expressions of Fas and Bax, and increase of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 activities.</p>

Effect of 3 kinds of Banxiaxiexin Decoction and its dismantlements on the amount of gastric mucus in rats / 中成药

AIM:To investigate the influence of pinellia heart-draining Decoction, Licorice heart-draining Decoction, Fresh ginger heart-draining Decoction and its dismantlements on the amount of gastric mucus in rats. METHODS:20 different combination of Banxiaxiexin Decoction and its analogus according to the unform design layout, the amount of gastric mucus in rats was determinated. Stepwise regression analysis was adopted to estimate the relationship between the pharmacological data and compatibility. RESULTS:Rhizoma Coptidis could reduce the amount of gastric mucus remarkbably, the interaction of Rhizoma Pinelliae、Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae and Radix Glycyrrhizae could increase the amount of gastric mucus, and interaction was confirmed among different medicinal ingredients in prescription. CONCLUSION:Uniform design provides a referable exeperimental design for studying analogus decoction compatibility law.