Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment: Data Mining and Systematic Pharmacology Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To identify specific Chinese medicines (CMs) that may benefit patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and explore the action mechanism.@*METHODS@#Domestic and foreign literature on the treatment of GERD with CMs was searched and selected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database, and PubMed from October 1, 2011 to October 1, 2021. Data from all eligible articles were extracted to establish the database of CMs for GERD. Apriori algorithm of data mining techniques was used to analyze the rules of herbs selection and core Chinese medicine formulas were identified. A system pharmacology approach was used to explore the action mechanism of these medicines.@*RESULTS@#A total of 278 prescriptions for GERD were analyzed, including 192 CMs. Results of Apriori algorithm indicated that Evodiae Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma were the highest confidence combination. A total of 32 active ingredients and 66 targets were screened for the treatment of GERD. Enrichment analysis showed that the mechanisms of action mainly involved pathways in cancer, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, advanced glycation end product (AGE), the receptor for AGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, bladder cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis.@*CONCLUSION@#Evodiae Fructus and Coptidis Rhizoma are the core drugs in the treatment of GERD and the potential mechanism of action of these medicines includes potential target and pathways.

Effect and Mechanism of Banxia Xiexintang on Rats with Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Based on Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Banxia Xiexintang （BXXX） in preventing and treating chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） through Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/antioxidant response element （ARE） signaling pathway. Method:SD rats were divided into a normal group （<italic>n</italic>=12） and an experimental group for CAG model induction. The model rats were then randomly divided into a model group， a vatacoenayme （VG） group （60 mg·kg^-1）， and high- （280 mg·kg^-1）， medium- （140 mg·kg^-1）， and low-dose （70 mg·kg^-1） BXXX groups. The doses in the BXXX groups were equivalent to 28， 14， and 7 g·kg^-1 crude drugs. The rats in the normal group and the model group received distilled water at an equal volume， and those in the VG group and the BXXX groups were treated correspondingly by gavage. After 12 weeks of treatment， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was carried out to observe pathological changes in the gastric mucosa of CAG rats. Western blot and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， glutathione S-transferase （GST）， and NAD （P）H：quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） in the gastric mucosa of CAG rats. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， NQO1， and GST in the gastric mucosa of the rats （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， atrophic gastric mucosa， and even intestinal metaplasia. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， NQO1， and GST in the VG group and the high- and medium-dose BXXX groups were lower than those in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and gastric mucosa atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were significantly improved， especially in the high-dose BXXX group. However， the effect in the low-dose BXXX group was not significant. Conclusion:BXXX can blunt the transcriptional activity of Nrf2， shut down Nrf2 signaling pathway， and reduce the expression levels of NQO1 and GST to achieve normal oxidation-anti-oxidation balance， which may be one of its action mechanisms in the treatment of CAG.

Effect of Huazhuo Jiedu formula on HIF-1α, VEGF, and PTEN in chronic erosive gastritis patients with syndrome of accumulation of turbidity and toxicity / 中国中药杂志

To observe the clinical efficacy of Huazhuo Jiedu formula in treating chronic erosive gastritis (CEG) patients with syndrome of accumulation of turbidity and toxicity, explore its mechanism by observing the changes in expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and gastric mucosa tissues after treatment, and provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of Huazhuo Jiedu formula in treating chronic erosive gastritis. All 70 patient of CEG were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 35 cases in each group. The patients in control group received Alatan Wuwei Wan, bid, 1 bag/time; while the patients in treatment group were given with Huazhuo Jiedu formula, 1 dose/day. The course of the treatment was 6 months in both groups. The changes in clinical symptoms, gastroscopic signs, pathology and the expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in serum and gastric mucosa tissues were observed in both groups. The results showed that treatment group was better than control group in clinical efficacy, gastroscopic efficacy and pathological effect after treatment (<0.05); the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in serum of treatment group were lower than those in the control group after treatment (<0.05), while the level of PTEN in serum of treatment group was higher than that in the control group after treatment (<0.05); the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in gastric mucosa tissues in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group after treatment, while the level of PTEN in gastric mucosa tissues in treatment group was higher than that in the control group after treatment (<0.05), with statistically significant differences between these two groups (<0.05). Huazhuo Jiedu formula can improve the clinical symptoms, gastroscopic signs and pathological conditions in CEG patients with syndrome of accumulation of turbidity and toxicity, and the mechanism may be associated with decreasing the expression level of HIF-1α, VEGF and increasing the expression level of PTEN.

A clinical study of Chuanhu anti-gout mixture in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

In this double-blind,double-dummy,non-inferiority study,144 cases of newly diagnosed acute gouty arthritis were reassigned to Chuanhu anti-gout mixture group (CH,n =72) and colchicine group (Col,n =72).After treatment for 10 days,the total efficiency rates of CH and Col groups were 93.02％ and 95.35％,respectively,showing no difference between two groups.Three months later,the overall recurrence rates in CH and Col groups were 12.50％ and 13.89％ respectively (P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in colchicine group was significantly higher than CH group (34.72％ vs 2.78％,P ＜ 0.01).Blood uric acid,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and creatinine in CH group were decreased significantly compared with Col group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The results suggest that the clinical efficacy of Chuanhu anti-gout mixture in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis was not inferior to colchicine,but with higher safety.

Study on correlation of glucagons, type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the changes of patients with type 2 diabetes in different stages in glucagon (GC) and free fatty acid (FFA) in fasting, OGT and L-Arg experiments, and discusses the role of pancreatic alphabeta cells in diabetes pathogenesis by studying the relations among indexes such as glucagon (GC), free fatty acid (FFA) and blood glucose (BG), insulin, insulin homeostasis model (HOMA) and glucose metabolism hormone secretion curve, in order to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetes.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Study objects were divided into the T2DM group (45 cases), the IGT group (28 cases) and the NGT group (30 cases) for an OGTT experiment and then an L-Arg experiment on the next day. Under the fasting state, their blood glucose (FBG), insulin (F), glucagon (FGC), free fatty acid (FFA) were detected to calculate HOMA-beta, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and HOMA-IR of different groups. Meanwhile, efforts were made to calculate different time quantum detected in OGTT and L-Arg experiments and area under the curve AUC(BG), AUC(INS) and AUC(GC).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Obvious overall differences were observed in FFA and FGC of the three groups. FGC of each group was negatively correlated with HOMA-beta and ISI. Among all of the 103 study objects, FGC was positively correlated with FBG and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with HOMA-beta and ISI, with no correlation with FINS; FFA was positively correlated with FBG, HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with FINS, HOMA-beta, ISI. FGC and FFA were positively correlated in the T2DM group and the IGT group, but with no statistical correlation in the NGT group. The sequence of the three study objects was T2DM > IGR > NGT in AUC(GC) in the OGTT experiment and T2DM > IGR > NGT in in AUC(GC) in the L-Arg experiment, with the significant positive correlation between AUC(GC) and AUC(BG) and significant negative correlation with AUC(INS).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glucagon and free fatty acid of T2DM and IGT patients increased, which was positively correlated with blood glucose and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with INS, HOMA-beta and ISI. The increase in glucagons of T2DM and IGT patients indicated inappropriate secretion of pancreatic alphabeta cells among patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>

Effect of huazhuo jiedu hewei recipe on the mechanism of angiogenesis in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possible angiogenesis mechanism of Huazhuo Jiedu Hewei Recipe (HJHR) in preventing and treating precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 66 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the retinoic acid (RA) group, the high dose HJHR group, the middle dose HJHR group, the low dose HJHR group, 11 in each group. PLGC model was duplicated by inserting a spring with Helicobacter. Corresponding medicines were administered to rats in each medicated group once daily by gastrogavage, 2 mL each time for 12 successive weeks. The effect of HJHR on hypoxia induced factor (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of PLGC in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats' gastric mucosa was observed by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the expression of VEGF and HIF-1alpha increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of VEGF and HIF-1alpha decreased in each medicated group (P < 0.05). Besides, they were lower in the high and middle dose HJHR groups than in the RA group and the low dose HJHR group (P < 0. 05). There was no statistical difference between the low dose HJHR group and the RA group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HJHR could prevent and treat PLGC of CAG rats possibly through decreasing the expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in a dose-dependent manner.</p>

Study on effects of low frequency pulse plus auricular point magnetic therapy on electrogastrogram and clinical therapeutic effect in the patient of functional dyspepsia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare therapeutic effects of low frequency pulse plus auricular point magnetic therapy and prepulsid on functional dyspepsia (FD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty cases of FD were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group were treated with low frequency pulse stimulation on Zhongwan (CV 12), Weishu (BL 21), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), with Fenglong (ST 40) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) selected according to syndrome differentiation, once a day, 30 min each session. The control group were treated with oral administration of prepulsid. Five days constituted one course. The scores of symptoms and parameters of electrogastrogram (EGG) before and after treatment and the therapeutic effect were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the symptom scores significantly decreased (P < 0.01), with a significant difference in the decrease of symptom scores between the two groups (P < 0.05); and EGG parameters were improved (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of 93.3% in the treatment group was better than 75.0% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low frequency pulse plus auricular point magnetic therapy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and gastric activities in the patient of FD, with a better therapeutic effect than prepulsid.</p>

Effects of Shengqi Jiangtang Granule on rat model of insulin resistance and its mechanism / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Shengqi Jiangtang Granule (SJG) on rat model of insulin resistance (IR) and explore the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IR model was induced by high fat diet and peritoneal injection of streptozotocin in Wistar rats. Model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the low, medium and high dose SJG groups treated with corresponding dose of SJG, and thc RGL group with rosiglitazone (RGL). A normal control group was also set up. Blood glucose (BG), protein expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and protein kinase C (PKC) in aortic tissue were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BG decreased in the high and medium dose SJG groups and the RGL group after treatment, and the lowest level was shown in the high dose SJG group. Compared with that in the normal group, the expressions of ET-1 and PKC obviously increased in the model group (P<0.05), which was lowered in the RGL group and the high and medium dose SJG groups after treatment in a dosage-depending manner, showing significant difference to those in the model group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SJG can lower blood glucose and inhibit ET-1 and PKC expressions to improve vascular endothelial function, thus to promote insulin sensitiveness and alleviate IR.</p>

Effects of tonifying shen recipe on advanced glycation end products, amyloid-beta peptide in telencephalon and hippocampus of ovariectomized rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Tonifying Shen recipe (TSR) on advanced glycation end products (AGEPs), amyloid-beta peptide (A beta P) in telencephalon and hippocampus of ovariectomized rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female SD rats, 9 months old, were randomly divided into 3 groups: the sham operation (Sh) group, the ovariectomized (OV) group and the TSR group. Medication via gastrogavage 4 weeks was given after ovariectomy consecutively for 16 weeks. Competitive ELISA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to detect AGEPs and A beta P level in rats' telencephalon and hippocampus; florescent assay was used to determine the serum and urinary soluble AGE-peptide level; and also the rats' behavioral alteration and hippocampal morphological change were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in the Sh group, the correct escape rate in the OV group was significantly lower (P < 0.05), content of A beta P in telencephalon and serum soluble AGE-peptide levels significantly higher (P < 0.05), contents of AGEPs in telencephalon and hippocampal tissue showed an increased tendency, but without significance (P > 0.05), argyrophil stain showed that nerve fiber thickened, senile plaques appeared in temporal cortex. In the TSR group after treatment, contents of AGEPs in telencephalon, A beta P in telencephalon and hippocampus significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the urinary soluble AGE-peptide level significantly increased (P < 0.05) and with markedly improvement of learning memory capability and above-mentioned pathological changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TSR could reduce the accumulation of AGEPs in telencephalon and the contents of A beta P in telencephalon and hippocampal tissue, and improve the impaired ability of learning and memory caused by lack of estrogen. Its mechanism might be based on the elevation in excretion of AGE-peptide via kidney.</p>

CONSTRUCTION OF PHAGE LIBRARY OF HUMAN ANTIBODY FROM GLIOMA PATIENTS / 解放军医学杂志

To construct human antibody repertory with phage display technology. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of clinical glioma patients and subjected to reverse transcription PCR. Variable region genes(V ? and V H genes) were amplified from the cDNA using nested polymerase chain reaction. V ? gene library was first constructed and attached to the Linker which could specially connect V ? gene and V H gene, then V H gene was cloned into V ? gene library to build ScFv repertoire. Positive colonies were selected randomly and sequenced. The results implied that amplified human V ? gene and V H gene could be derived from PBL of clinical glioma patients. ScFv phage antibody gene repertoire in about 2?10 6 capacity was successfully constructed. The sequencing indicated that the cloned genes encoded variable regions of heavy chains of human antibody and were highly homologous with human kappa heavy chain group III of Kabat's database. Then human antibody repertoire was successfully constructed with phage display technology. The present study can be used as a foundation for succeeding screening of specific antibody against human glioma.

Epidemiological survey of hyperuricemia and gout in coastal areas of Shandong Province / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To determine the prevalences and risk factors of hyperuricemia(HUA)and gout among residents aged≥20 years in Shandong coastal areas.Methods A random stratified cluster sampling was conducted,and 5003 inhabitants were investigated for prevalences of HUA and gout in Qingdao,Yantai,Weihai, Rizhao and Dongying.Results (1)The prevalence of HUA was 13.19%,after standardization according to the Shandong population in 2000,standardized rate was 13.27%,in which the prevalence in males was 18.32% and females 8.56%.The prevalence of gout was 1.14% and the standardized rate was 1.10%,in which the prevalence in males was 1.94% and females 0.42%;(2)Serum uric acid was(343.4?84.5)?mol/L in normal males and (258.9?70.9)?mol/L in normal females.Serum uric acid was(469.4?48.1)?mol/L in males with HUA and (399.7?104.9)?mol/L in females with HUA.In gout group,serum uric acid in males and females was respectively(502.4?106.8)?mol/L and(403.5?52.7)?mol/L;(3)The prevalence of gout in patients with HUA was 8.64%;(4)Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that frequency and quantity of alcohol intake were independent risk factors for males in the HUA group,while HDL-C and farming were protective factors. As for females,age and hypertension were independent risk factors of HUA.Similarly,HDL-C was a protective factor;(5)In HUA patients,65% had hypertension,53% hyperlipidemia,30% glucose metabolic disorder,48% overweight and 10% obesity.In gout patients,57% had hypertension,61% hyperlipidemia,20% glucose metabolic disorder,56% overweight and 7% obesity.Conclusion The prevalences of HUA and gout are significantly increased in Shandong coastal areas in recent years.Restricting the intake of sea foods rich in purine such as seashell,reducing the intake of alcohol especially beer,reducing body weight and abdominal obesity, correcting lipid metabolic disorder and controlling hypertension are important measures in preventing and treating hyperuricemia and gout.

Implication of Increased serum uric acid level In patients with acute coronary artery syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Acute coronary artery syndrome (ACS) was confirmed by coronary arteriography in 398 patients,and 378 healthy persons served as the control group.Serum uric acid in ACS and control group showed normal distribution,and serum uric acid level in ACS group (322?107 )?mol/L was significantly higher than those in control group (302?77)?mol/L (P＜0.01 ).The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) was 27.0% in male patients and 25.2% in female.Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in ACS group were higher than those in control group (all P＜0.01 ).Muhivariable analyses adjusted for age and sex indicated that raised fasting plasma glucose,total cholesterol,uric acid and mean arterial pressure were risk factors for coronary artery stenosis in ACS,and HUA played a role in the pathogenesis of ACS.

Association of blood uric acid with TNF-?and IL-6 in patients with hyperuricemia / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Serum tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured in patients with simple hyperuricemia or hyperlipidemia combined with hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia.The results showed that TNF-?,IL-6 levels in patients with hyperuricemia were higher than those in normal controls (both P