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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of coking death and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang. MethodA549 cells were randomized into blank group， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） low， medium， and high concentration groups， which were treated with 20， 40， 60 mg·L-1 Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang， and TCM low， medium， and high concentration groups， respectively， and blank group was treated with equal volume culture medium. After 48 h of treatment， cell migration was detected by scratch assay and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The relative expression levels of cysteine aspartate protease-1（Caspase-1）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， dermoderin D （GSDMD）， Survivin protein and nuclear transcription factor -κB （NF-κB） pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） were determined by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe， and the contents of tumor necrosis factor -β （TNF-β） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with blank group， the scratch healing rate， apoptosis rate， relative expression of Survivin protein， Caspase-1， GSDMD， NLRP3， ROS and NF-κB phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in low， medium and high concentration groups. The contents of TNF-β and IL-1β in supernatant were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the low concentration group， the scratch healing rate， apoptosis rate， Survivin protein relative expression， Caspase-1， GSDMD， NLRP3 relative expression， ROS and NF-κB phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in the medium and high concentration groups. The contents of TNF-β and IL-1β in supernatant were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the TCM group， the scratch healing rate， apoptosis rate， Survivin protein relative expression， Caspase-1， GSDMD， NLRP3 relative expression， ROS and NF-κB phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in the high concentration group. The contents of TNF-β and IL-1β in supernatant were significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionTingli Dazao Xiefeitang can improve NLRP3 protein expression， inhibit Survivin protein expression and promote apoptosis of A549 cells. At the same time， it can activate NF-κB pathway and ROS system， up-regulate the expression of Caspase-1 and GSDMD， mediate scortosis of A549 cells.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the molecular-level mechanism on the hematopoiesis effect of Angelicae sinensis Radix (ASR) with systems-based interactome analysis.@*METHODS@#This systems-based interactome analysis was designed to enforce the workflow of "ASR (herb)→compound→target protein→internal protein actions→ending regulated protein for hematopoiesis". This workflow was deployed with restrictions on regulated proteins expresses in bone marrow and anemia disease and futher validated with experiments.@*RESULTS@#The hematopoiesis mechanism of ASR might be accomplished through regulating pathways of cell proliferation towards hemopoiesis with cross-talking agents of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK). The hematopoietic function of ASR was also validated by colony-forming assay performed on mice bone marrow cells. As a result, SYK, JAK2 and ITK were activated.@*CONCLUSION@#This study provides a new approach to systematically study and predict the therapeutic mechanism for ASR based on interactome analysis towards biological process with experimental validations.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of malignant renal tumors with a growing incidence in the recent years. This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors and variation trend of hospitalization expenditures among RCC patients in a single-centered hospital in Beijing during 5 consecutive years and to find the major cost items and fluctuation tendency of inpatient medical expenditures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The information of medical expenditures among RCC patients in a Grade-A tertiary hospital during the years 2012-2016 was investigated to find the main cost items and changes affecting the medical cost structure. Gray correlation method was adopted in quantitative analysis to analyze the composition of medical expenditures, and the variation of hospitalization expense structure during the five years was studied by analyzing the degree of structural variation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cost item constitution of the hospitalization expenditures among RCC patients was relatively stable in the sample hospital during the past five years. To be specific, drug costs accounted for the largest proportion of medical expenditures each year, with the highest of 37.81% in 2012, and showed a slowly declining tendency in the coming years. The cost item with the highest correlation degree was drug costs, with the value of 1.0000; followed by the costs of surgeries, 0.8423. Furthermore, drug costs shared the largest proportion (40.95%) of structural variation, followed by the costs of surgeries (18.35%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Drug costs are the major influencing factors of the hospitalization expenditures among RCC patients. Thus, reasonable control on excessive drugs as well as the standardization of the diagnosis and treatment behaviors is conducive in reducing medical expenditures as well as easing patients' economic burdens. Besides, the positive growth on surgery costs suggests that the labor value of medical staffs has been gradually recognized.</p>