Optimization of Decoction Technology and Establishment of Quality Standard for Moringa oleifera Leaf Standard Decoction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on response surface methodology combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， the optimal decocting process of Moringa oleifera leaf standard decoction was optimized， and its multi-index quality evaluation system was established， in order to provide scientific basis for the quality control of this standard decoction. MethodResponse surface methodology and PCA were used to optimize the decoction process by taking the relative peak areas of 8 characteristic peaks and dry extract yield as indexes. Based on this， the quality of 15 batches of the standard decoction was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） characteristic chromatogram， determination of major components（neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin， astragalin）， determination of active parts（total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine）， dry extract yield， specific gravity and pH. ResultThe optimal decocting process was to soak M. oleifera leaves（100.00 g） for 30 min and decoct twice with the first decoction of 12 times the amount of water for 30 min and the second decoction of 10 times the amount of water for 20 min. Standard decoction containing 0.2 g·mL-1 of crude drug was defined by x¯±30%， the specific gravity was 0.722-1.340， pH was 3.86-7.16， dry extract yield was 23.1%-42.9%， and the alcohol-soluble extract content was 8.26%-15.34%. Calculated according to the dried products of the standard decoction， the contents of neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin and astragalin were 1.99-3.69， 1.20-2.22， 1.44-2.67， 0.53-0.99， 2.45-4.55， 1.22-2.26 mg·g-1， the relative transfer rates relative to the herbs were 34.37%-63.83%， 62.43%-115.94%， 64.65%-120.06%， 56.98%-105.82%， 37.46%-69.57%， 41.81%-77.64%， respectively. The contents of total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine were 10.19-18.92， 11.82-21.96， 94.07-174.71， 42.69-79.27， 9.55-17.73 mg·g-1， the relative transfer rates for herbs were 25.72%-47.77%， 41.78%-77.59%， 64.90%-120.54%， 42.30%-78.57%， 34.99%-64.99%， respectively. ConclusionThe optimized decocting technology of M. oleifera leaf standard decoction is stable and feasible， and the established multi-indicator quality evaluation system can lay the foundation for the quality control of this standard decoction.

Quality Evaluation of Mori Cortex from Different Producing Areas Based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different producing areas by the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution（TOPSIS）， and to provide a new evaluation method for the quality control of Mori Cortex. MethodAccording to the five key indexes of color， thickness， texture， powdery and cortex remain， a subjective scoring table was designed to evaluate the appearance of Mori Cortex. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the fingerprint and the contents of multiple components（mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， oxyresveratrol， mulberroside C， sanggenone D， sanggenone C， morusin）， and chemometrics was used to explore the differential components of Mori Cortex from different habitats. On this basis， TOPSIS was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and SPSS 22.0 software was used to carry out bivariate correlation analysis between thickness and appearance color with contents of seven components of Mori Cortex. ResultThose with lighter color， thicker root bark， tougher texture， sufficient powder and less cortex remain scored higher， and the top five were all from Anhui. The established fingerprint and determination methods were stable and reliable. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） screened three components with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1（mulberroside A， sanggenone D， sanggenone C）， which made an important contribution to the difference in the origin of Mori Cortex. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between mulberroside C with lightness value（L*） and total chromaticity value（E*ab） and mulberroside A with yellow-blue value（b*）（P<0.05， P<0.01）， a significantly negative correlation between sanggenone C with b* and between morusin with L*（P<0.05， P<0.01）. And there was a significantly negative correlation between mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， and morusin with thickness（P<0.01）， a clearly negative correlation between sanggenone D with thickness（P<0.05）， a significantly positive correlation between sanggenone C with thickness（P<0.01）. TOPSIS comprehensive scores showed that the samples from Anhui had a good score and ranked high. ConclusionThere are great differences in the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and those with the close habitats show similar characteristics in appearance and component content， and lighter color and less cortex were positively correlated with the quality. Among them， the quality of Mori Cortex from Anhui is relatively good.

Clinical study on the comprehensive treatment of diet and Chinese medicine on type 2 diabetes mellitus based on pattern differentiation / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and safety of comprehensive treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on syndrome differentiation and diet.Methods:Prospective clinical study. A total of 147 patients with T2DM from September 2021 to August 2022 who met the inclusion criteria were included in the self-controlled trial. On the basis of diet and exercise intervention, the subjects were treated and observed with comprehensive treatment based on syndrome differentiation for 120 days. The main outcome indicators including TCM symptom score, fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 hPG, HbA1c , Fasting insulin (FINS), C-peptide(C-PR), and the secondary outcome indicators including blood lipid (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), blood pressure, and safety indicators were performed before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, the FPG of subjects decreased from (8.75±2.26) mmol/L to (7.05±1.23) mmol/L, 2 hPG decreased from (10.75±3.01) mmol/L to (7.07±0.78) mmol/L, HbA1c decreased from (6.82±1.47)% to (5.49±0.63)%, and FINS decreased from (15.4±9.33) μIU/ml to (8.82±7.28) μIU/ml, C-PR decreases from (1.95±0.91) nmol/L to (1.72±1.53) nmol/L, SBP decreased from (137.51±17.94) mmHg to (125.79±7.57) mmHg, DBP decreased from (82.85±9.65) mmHg to (77.54±6.21) mmHg,TG decreased from (1.57±1.04) mmol/L to (1.25±1.24) mmol/L, HDL-C increased from　(1.48±0.41) mmol/L to (1.66±0.46)mmol/L. The above differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The comprehensive treatment of T2DM based on syndrome differentiation and diet can significantly reduce the blood glucose indicators including FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c, FINS and C-PR, and benefit blood pressure and blood lipids with no adverse reactions.

Hippo pathway-manipulating neutrophil-mimic hybrid nanoparticles for cardiac ischemic injury via modulation of local immunity and cardiac regeneration

The promise of regeneration therapy for restoration of damaged myocardium after cardiac ischemic injury relies on targeted delivery of proliferative molecules into cardiomyocytes whose healing benefits are still limited owing to severe immune microenvironment due to local high concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. Optimal therapeutic strategies are therefore in urgent need to both modulate local immunity and deliver proliferative molecules. Here, we addressed this unmet need by developing neutrophil-mimic nanoparticles NM@miR, fabricated by coating hybrid neutrophil membranes with artificial lipids onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with microRNA-10b. The hybrid membrane could endow nanoparticles with strong capacity to migrate into inflammatory sites and neutralize proinflammatory cytokines and increase the delivery efficiency of microRNA-10b into adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) by fusing with cell membranes and leading to the release of MSNs-miR into cytosol. Upon NM@miR administration, this nanoparticle could home to the injured myocardium, restore the local immunity, and efficiently deliver microRNA-10b to cardiomyocytes, which could reduce the activation of Hippo-YAP pathway mediated by excessive cytokines and exert the best proliferative effect of miR-10b. This combination therapy could finally improve cardiac function and mitigate ventricular remodeling. Consequently, this work offers a combination strategy of immunity modulation and proliferative molecule delivery to boost cardiac regeneration after injury.

Comparison on Differences of Volatile Components in Chuanxiong Chatiaosan with Different Compatibility of Chuanxiong Rhizoma Decoction Pieces / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTaking Chuanxiong Chatiaosan prescription as the carrier， by comparing the differences of volatile components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma with single decoction pieces and compatible prescription of different decoction pieces， the differences of material basic connotation of different formulations of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan were revealed from the aspects of processing （raw and wine-processed products）， compound compatibility and dosage form （powder and decoction）. MethodThe volatile oil was extracted from different decoction pieces of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Chatiaosan and its decoction with different decoction pieces of Chuanxiong Rhizoma by steam distillation， the main components and their relative contents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. ResultA total of 25 volatile components were identified from different processed products of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， including 11 monoterpenoids， 4 phenols， 3 sesquiterpenoids， 3 phthalides， 2 ketones and 2 olefins， the contents of α-pinene， β-pinene， 3-butylphthalide and others increased after the raw products was processed with wine. A total of 85 constituents were identified from Chuanxiong Chatiaosan with different decoction pieces， including 31 monoterpenoids， 23 sesquiterpenoids， 5 alcohols， 5 aldehydes， 4 phenols， 4 phthalides， 3 ethers， 3 ketones， 1 olefin， 1 organic acid， 2 esters and 3 other compounds. A total of 22 components， including 9 sesquiterpenoids， 3 phthalides， 2 phenols， 6 monoterpenoids， 1 aldehyde and 1 alkane， were identified from the decoction of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan with different processed products. ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the composition between raw products and wine-processed products of Chuanxiong Rhizoma either in single decoction pieces or in compatibility prescription， but the relative content changed to some extent， and the wine-processed products was the most obvious. There was a great difference in the composition of volatile components between the Chuanxiong Chatiaosan and its decoction. The volatile components， such as isopulegol， isocalamendiol and safrole， were not found in the decoction. Components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma processed with wine will change with the addition of yellow rice wine， and volatile components can reflect the difference between decoction pieces and prescriptions of the wine-processed products.

Identification and expression analysis of WRKY gene family in eukaryotic algae / 生物工程学报

WRKY is a superfamily of plant-specific transcription factors, playing a critical regulatory role in multiple biological processes such as plant growth and development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although WRKY genes have been characterized in a variety of higher plants, little is known about them in eukaryotic algae, which are close to higher plants in evolution. To fully characterize algal WRKY family members, we carried out multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and conserved domain prediction to identify the WRKY genes in the genomes of 30 algal species. A total of 24 WRKY members were identified in Chlorophyta, whereas no WRKY member was detected in Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta, or Bacillariophyta. The 24 WRKY members were classified into Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb and R groups, with a conserved heptapeptide domain WRKYGQ(E/A/H/N)K and a zinc finger motif C-X4-5-C-X22-23-H-X-H. Haematococcus pluvialis, a high producer of natural astaxanthin, contained two WRKY members (HaeWRKY-1 and HaeWRKY-2). Furthermore, the coding sequences of HaeWRKY-1 and HaeWRKY-2 genes were cloned and then inserted into prokaryotic expression vector. The recombinant vectors were induced to express in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and the fusion proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. HaeWRKY-1 had significantly higher expression level than HaeWRKY-2 in H. pluvialis cultured under normal conditions. High light stress significantly up-regulated the expression of HaeWRKY-1 while down-regulated that of HaeWRKY-2. The promoters of HaeWRKY genes contained multiple cis-elements responsive to light, ethylene, ABA, and stresses. Particularly, the promoter of HaeWRKY-2 contained no W-box specific for WRKY binding. However, the W-box was detected in the promoters of HaeWRKY-1 and the key enzyme genes HaeBKT (β-carotene ketolase) and HaePSY (phytoene synthase) responsible for astaxanthin biosynthesis. Considering these findings and the research progress in the related fields, we hypothesized that the low expression of HaeWRKY-2 under high light stress may lead to the up-regulation of HaeWRKY-1 expression. HaeWRKY-1 may then up-regulate the expression of the key genes (HaeBKT, HaePSY, etc.) for astaxanthin biosynthesis, consequently promoting astaxanthin enrichment in algal cells. The findings provide new insights into further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis and high light stress response of H. pluvialis.

Study on the metabonomics of vitamin A deficiency urine of left-behind children under 1 year old in Zunyi area based on hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:Explore the hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1H-NMR) application potential of metabolomics in early screening of vitamin A deficiency(VAD). Methods:From January to June 2019, 40 cases of left-behind children with confirmed VAD <1 year old were enrolled in Zunyi area as VAD group, and 40 healthy children were selected as healthy control group.Urine from the 2 groups of children was collected and 1H-NMR spectrum was measured.By combining metabonomics technology and multivariate statistical analysis, the 2 groups of metabolites were compared, and the differential metabolites of children with VAD were screened out. Results:Compared with VAD group [(0.56±0.10)μmol/L], the difference in the serum retinol concentration of healthy control group [(1.35±0.18)μmol/L] was statistically significant ( t=23.93, P<0.001). Compared with healthy group, VAD group showed higher level of methylmalonate, 2-ketoisovalerat, N-acetyl glycoprotein signal, dimethylglycine and betaine, with statistically significant differences (| r|>0.602, all P<0.05). The level of Isovalerylglycine, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, creatine, phosphate choline/glycerophosphocholine, 4-PY and Hippurate were significantly decreased, with statistically significant differences (| r|>0.602, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with healthy children, children with VAD have differences in urine Metabolites.Differential metabolites are closely correlated with intestinal microecological ba-lance, digestive system diseases, respiratory system diseases, immune-related diseases, energy metabolism, growth and development.Urine 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis has potential application value in the early screening of VAD.

Analysis of influencing factors for rapid postoperative recovery of young lung cancer patients / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the influencing factors of rapid postoperative recovery in young(≤40 years old) lung cancer patients.@*Methods@#Retrospective analysis was performed on 82 young patients with lung cancer diagnosed by postoperative pathology admitted to the department of thoracic surgery of the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2013 to March 2019, the patients were divided into two groups according to their postoperative hospitalization time(hospitalization time≤7d, hospitalization time >7d). The preoperative medical history and examination data, intraoperative(operative method, embedding materials), postoperative complications and postoperative treatment and other data of the enrolled patients were collected to analyze the relationship between various factors and postoperative hospitalization time.Univariate analysis used t test or Fisher exact probability method, multivariate analysis used logistic regression model to analyze the data .@*Results@#All 82 patients successfully completed the operation, and no death occurred during the perioperative period. There were no significant differences(P>0.05)according to the two groups of patients in the preoperative pulmonary function(FEV1) operation history, history of hypertension, diabetes, history of preoperative chemotherapy and surgery in the patients' position, blood transfusion, pleural adhesion, Czech, nai d, the use of xanthan gum, operation time, the maximum diameter and postoperative tumor thermal perfusion, fever, vomiting, choking cough, abdominal distension, etc.And it has significant differences(P<0.05). In the preoperative antibiotic use(P=0.002), the improvement of lung function(P=0.018), smoking history(P=0.024), medical reasons(P=0.011) and the operation(P<0.001), the lymph node excision scope(P<0.001), the lymph node dissection(P=0.017), hemostatic material use(P=0.023), blood loss(P=0.001) and postoperative average white blood cell count(P=0.033).@*Conclusion@#Preoperative and postoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics and drugs to improve pulmonary function were beneficial to postoperative recovery.Smoking was an independent risk factor for prolonged postoperative hospital stay.Minimally invasive operation and application of hemostatic materials can effectively shorten the postoperative hospitalization time of patients.

Analysis of influencing factors for rapid postoperative recovery of young lung cancer patients / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of rapid postoperative recovery in young(≤40 years old) lung cancer patients.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 82 young patients with lung cancer diagnosed by postoperative pathology admitted to the department of thoracic surgery of the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2013 to March 2019, the patients were divided into two groups according to their postoperative hospitalization time(hospitalization time≤7d, hospitalization time >7d). The preoperative medical history and examination data, intraoperative(operative method, embedding materials), postoperative complications and postoperative treatment and other data of the enrolled patients were collected to analyze the relationship between various factors and postoperative hospitalization time.Univariate analysis used t test or Fisher exact probability method, multivariate analysis used logistic regression model to analyze the data . Results:All 82 patients successfully completed the operation, and no death occurred during the perioperative period. There were no significant differences( P>0.05)according to the two groups of patients in the preoperative pulmonary function(FEV1) operation history, history of hypertension, diabetes, history of preoperative chemotherapy and surgery in the patients' position, blood transfusion, pleural adhesion, Czech, nai d, the use of xanthan gum, operation time, the maximum diameter and postoperative tumor thermal perfusion, fever, vomiting, choking cough, abdominal distension, etc.And it has significant differences( P<0.05). In the preoperative antibiotic use( P=0.002), the improvement of lung function( P=0.018), smoking history( P=0.024), medical reasons( P=0.011) and the operation( P<0.001), the lymph node excision scope( P<0.001), the lymph node dissection( P=0.017), hemostatic material use( P=0.023), blood loss( P=0.001) and postoperative average white blood cell count( P=0.033). Conclusion:Preoperative and postoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics and drugs to improve pulmonary function were beneficial to postoperative recovery.Smoking was an independent risk factor for prolonged postoperative hospital stay.Minimally invasive operation and application of hemostatic materials can effectively shorten the postoperative hospitalization time of patients.

Study on urine metabolomics of left-behind children with vitamin D deficiency under 1 year old in Zunyi area based on nuclear magnetic resonance / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To explore the characteristic changes in urinary metabolites in left-behind children with vitamin D deficiency under 1 year old in Zunyi area by metabolomic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in order to provide new biomarkers for early diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency.@*Methods@#From January to August 2018, blood tests and urine collection were carried out on the left-behind children under 1 year old in Fenggang county, Bozhou district and Zheng′an county under Zunyi city by stratified sampling.Forty children diagnosed as a vitamin D deficiency were selected as a vitamin D deficiency group, and 40 children with normal urine test were selected as a healthy control group.For urine sampling, SIMCA-P+ software was applied to analyze the integral value of hydrogen spectrogram by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to distinguish the difference in urine metabolites between two groups of the left-behind children.Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen different metabolites.@*Results@#The serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D][(32.0±3.6) nmol/L ] in the healthy control group was higher than that in the vitamin D deficiency group[(15.8±2.3) nmol/L], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed significant differences in urine metabolites between the healthy control group and the vitamin D deficiency group (P<0.05). OPLS-DA indicated R2X=0.365, Q2=0.978, which further verified the difference of metabolites.Compared with the healthy control group, the urine of methyl malonic acid, 3-hydroxy butyrate, N-acetyl glycoprotein signal, glutamic acid, dimethyl glycine, 2-ketone glutaric acid, taurine, fumaric acid salt level increased significantly in the vitamin D deficiency group, and the differences were statistically significant (|r|>0.602, all P<0.05, df=39). However, the levels of ethyl malonic acid, creatine, choline, glycerophosphalocholine and equine were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (|r|>0.602, all P<0.05, df=39).@*Conclusions@#The left-behind children under 1 year old with vitamin D deficiency in Zunyi region are mainly characterized by disorder in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and intestinal microbial meta-bolism disorders, and their differential metabolites have potential application value in early diagnosis and pathogenesis of vitamin D deficiency.

The risk factors and prevention of Parkinson's disease / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects the daily life of middle-aged and elderly people,and places a heavy burden on families and society.The pathophysiological mechanism of PD is complex,and its etiology is still unclear.Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PD resulted from the interactions between complex genetic and environmental factors.This article reviews the risk factors associated with PD from multiple perspectives,might providing new insights into early intervention and prevention of Parkinson's disease.

Effect of caffeine on hyperoxic lung injury of premature rats and its relationship with p38 motigen￣acti￣vated protein kinase signal pathway / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To study the effect of caffeine on hyperoxic lung injury of premature rats and its relationship with p38 motigen-activated protein kinase( MAPK) signal pathway. Methods Sixty Wistar premature rats were divided into 4 groups(n＝15) according to the random number table:air + normal sa-line group(A+N group),air + caffeine group( A+C group),hyperoxia + normal saline group( H+N group),and hyperoxia + caffeine group(H+C group). Among them,H+N group and H+C group were continually exposed to hyperoxia ( oxygen concentration was 60% ~70%). For A + C group and H + C group,the premature rats were injected with caffeine of 29 mg/(kg·d) into their peritoneal cavities every day after birth. For A+N group and H+N group,the premature rats were injected with normal saline of the same volume into their peritoneal cavities. In each group,the lung tissues of 5 premature rats were randomly select-ed on the third, seventh and fourteenth day respectively. The pathological changes of lung tissue, radiated alveolar count(RAC) and collagen content in lung tissue were observed under a light microscope. The wet/dry ratio ( W/D) was measured. Two-step immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of p38MAPK in lung tissue. The content of phosphorylated p38MAPK( p-p38MAPK) protein was detected by western blot. Results Compared with the air groups,the lung tissues of premature rats in high oxygen expo-sure groups showed different degree of inflammatory changes on the third,seventh,and fourteenth day. The changes were more obvious with the prolonged exposure to hyperoxia. Pulmonary fibrosis was visible on the fourteenth day,which was improved after caffeine intervention. The RAC value of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups was significantly lower than that in air-exposure groups(P<0. 05),and the W/D ratio and collagen content in lung tissue increased significantly (P<0. 05),which were improved after caffeine inter-vention(P<0. 05). The results of two-step immunohistochemistry showed that the number of p-p38MAPK positive cells in the lung tissue of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups increased and widely distribu-ted, but decreased after caffeine intervention. The results of western blot showed that the content of p-p38MAPK protein in lung tissue of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups was significantly higher than that of air groups(P<0. 05),but it decreased after caffeine intervention(P<0. 05). Conclusion Hy-peroxia can promote the formation of pulmonary fibrosis by activating p38MAPK signal pathway. Caffeine can interdict the expression of p38MAPK to alleviate the fibrosis of lung tissue exposed to hyperoxia and thus protects the lung tissue.

Study on urine metabolomics of left-behind children with vitamin D deficiency under 1 year old in Zunyi area based on nuclear magnetic resonance / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the characteristic changes in urinary metabolites in left-behind children with vitamin D deficiency under 1 year old in Zunyi area by metabolomic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in order to provide new biomarkers for early diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency.Methods From January to August 2018,blood tests and urine collection were carried out on the left-behind children under 1 year old in Fenggang county,Bozhou district and Zheng'an county under Zunyi city by stratified sampling.Forty children diagnosed as a vitamin D deficiency were selected as a vitamin D deficiency group,and 40 children with normal urine test were selected as a healthy control group.For urine sampling,SIMCA-P + software was applied to analyze the integral value of hydrogen spectrogram by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to distinguish the difference in urine metabolites between two groups of the left-behind children.Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen different metabolites.Results The serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25-(OH) D] [(32.0 ± 3.6) nmol/L] in the healthy control group was higher than that in the vitamin D deficiency group [(15.8±2.3) nmol/L],and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed significant differences in urine metabolites between the healthy control group and the vitamin D deficiency group (P ＜ 0.05).OPLS-DA indicated R2X =0.365,Q2 =0.978,which further verified the difference of metabolites.Compared with the healthy control group,the urine of methyl malonic acid,3-hydroxy butyrate,N-acetyl glycoprotein signal,glutamic acid,dimethyl glycine,2-ketone glutaric acid,taurine,fumaric acid salt level increased significantly in the vitamin D deficiency group,and the differences were statistically significant (| r| ＞ 0.602,all P ＜ 0.05,df =39).However,the levels of ethyl malonic acid,creatine,choline,glycerophosphalocholine and equine were significantly decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (| r | ＞ 0.602,all P ＜ 0.05,df =39).Conclusions The left-behind children under 1 year old with vitamin D deficiency in Zunyi region are mainly characterized by disorder in energy metabolism,lipid metabolism,amino acid metabohsm and intestinal microbial metabolism disorders,and their differential metabolites have potential application value in early diagnosis and pathogenesis of vitamin D deficiency.

Tangnaikang Granule Intervention in Diabetic Patients with Early Clinical Observation of Abnormality of Glucose Tolerance / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The stage of impaired glucose regulation is a necessary stage in the development of diabetes.Nearly a quarter of patients without diabetes intervention develop into diabetes within four to seven years without intervention.Therefore,the intervention of pre-diabetes treatment in the prevention and control of diabetes is of great significance.This study was to investigate the effect of Tangnaikang granule at the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The age,course of disease,sex,symptom score of TCM were recorded,so were the blood lipid,blood glucose,liver and kidney function,electrocardiogram were recorded.Under the condition of low sugar and low salt diet and healthy exercise,the patients were divided into the control group (n--31) and the treatment group (n=43).The patients in the double-blind control group were treated with Kangnaikang granule and Tangnaikang granule to treat 74 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus three months.Three months after the detection of fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,glucose tolerance,insulin tolerance and other indicators to examine the efficacy of both.Tangnaikang granules were superior to placebo in terms of effective rate of treatment,TCM symptom score and blood sugar recovery rate,and taking Tangnaikang granule without liver and kidney function and other injuries.Tangnaikang is safe and effective for pre-diabetes patients.

Application of Systems Biology in TCM Syndrome Classification of Chronic Hepatitis B and Posthepatitic Cirrhosis / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver diseases are conducted on the individualized treatment based on TCM syndrome classification . In this study , the analysis of systems biology was carried out for TCM syndrome classification in chronic hepatitis B and posthepatitic cirrhosis . The relationship between TCM syndrome classification and genetic polymorphism , the difference of genes and protein expression profiles , the difference of urine metabolite , and the molecular mechanism of Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease and Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseaseswere discussed . The results showed that there are molecular biological basis in TCM syndrome classification in hepatitis B and posthepatitic cirrhosis . The systems biology based syndrome identification methods may be bene-ficial to form a new classification , and provide reference for the diagnosis and individual therapy of hepatitis B and posthepatitic cirrhosis .

"Application of Metabolomics in ""Disease-syndrome-efficacy"" Integration Research" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

As an important clinical mode, the disease-syndrome-efficacy integration is a development trend of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine combination. The mode combined comprehensive effica-cy evaluation based on disease-syndrome integration is able to highlight advantages of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment. With the status of disease-syndrome and effects of Chinese herbal medicine treatments, the en-dogenous metabolites and metabolic network of body changed in the systemic level. According to the analysis of these metabolic changes by metabolomic technologies, it is helpful to investigate the essence of disease-syndrome and explain the mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine actions. This review summarized the current applications of metabolomics in the area of disease-syndrome-efficacy integration research . Metabolomics applied in the disease-syndrome-efficacy integration research is helpful to facilitate the development of TCM and western medicine combination .