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Aim To observe the effect of total flavonoid from Mori folium(TFMF) on renal interstitial fibrosis in type 1 diabetic mice and its possible mechanism.Methods Diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) dissolved in 0.01 mol·L-1 citrate buffer(pH 4.5) at 150 mg·kg-1 body weight after 12 h of food deprivation.Forty model mice were divided randomly into four groups: model group, and low-(0.25 g·kg-1), moderate-(0.5 g·kg-1), high-dose groups(1 g·kg-1) fed with TFMF once daily.In addition, eight normal mice were used as normal group.After 12 weeks, the fasting blood glucose(FBG), serum creatinine(Cr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and microalbuminuria(mAlb) were measured.Masson staining, Sirius red staining and collagen type Ⅳ immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of collagen protein in the cortex, while laminin staining to assess the degree of glomerular and renal tubular basement membrane thickening.The protein expressions related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt/mTOR in the renal cortex of mice were detected by Western blot.Results The moderate and high dose of TFMF could significantly decrease the levels of FBG, Cr, BUN and mAlb in diabetic mice, meanwhile decreasing the expression of α-SMA protein by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which led to the amelioration of the pathological alterations of renal tissue.Conclusions The moderate and high dose of TFMF can reduce the level of renal interstitial fibrosis in type 1 diabetic mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines caused by tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury at limbs.Methods Eighty patients who had been scheduled for lower limb operation with tourniquet were assigned equally by sequence number to use or not use DEX (DEX or control group,n =40).Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed in both groups.In the DEX group,DEX intravenous infusion was started immediately after the femoral vein cannulated at a dose of 1 μg/kg for 10 minutes,followed by 0.5 μg/kg · h until the end of operation,whereas the control group received an equivalent volume of 0.9％ saline.At 10 min before tourniquet inflation (T1),10 min (T2),30 min (T3) and 60 min (T4) after tourniquet release,femoral venous blood samples were obtained to measure heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),saturation of pulse oximetry (SPO2),serum malondialdehyde (MDA),serum superoxide dismutase (SOD),serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in both groups.Results There were no significant differences in HR,MAP or SPO2 at all time points between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in HR,MAP or SPO2 at all time points within either group (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in serum MDA,SOD,TNF-α and IL-8 levels at T1 between the 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).The serum MDA,TNF-α and IL-8 levels were significantly lower and the serum SOD level significantly higher in the DEX group than in the control group at T2,T3 and T4,respectively (P ＜0.05).In both groups,the serum MDA,TNF-α and IL-8 levels were significantly higher and the serum SOD level significantly lower at T2,T3 and T4 than at T1,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine level which are caused by tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury.