Characteristics of HIV-infected persons and their spouses who became HIV-positive in HIV discordant couples in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the characteristics， viral load and immunological status of HIV-infected persons and their spouses who became HIV-positive， and the reasons for HIV seroconversion in 55 HIV discordant couples in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture （Dehong Prefecture）， Yunan Province. MethodsData on the 55 couples meeting the criteria of having a previously positive spouse were retrieved from the AIDS Integrated Prevention and Control Data Information System of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System during 2015-2021. General socio-demographic information， age at diagnosis， exposure history， CD4+T lymphocyte count， and antiviral treatment were collected. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the distribution of pre-HIV-positive spouses and their HIV seroconverted spouses. ResultsA total of 55 spouses from HIV discordant couples had HIV seroconversion. Of them， 72.7% （40/55） of pre-HIV-positive spouses were husbands. The most recent CD4+T lymphocyte count in the pre-HIV-positive spouses was （328.31±246.27） cells·μL-1 at the time of diagnosis of their seroconverted spouses， of which 36.3% （20/55） had a CD4+T lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells·μL-1. Furthermore， of those pre-HIV-positive spouses with low CD4+T lymphocyte count， 45.0% （9/20） had an undetectable viral load， 15.0% （3/20） <400 copies·mL-1， and 25.0%（5/20） ≥400 copies·mL-1. Additionally， 16.4% （9/55） of the pre-HIV-positive spouses did not have a viral load test. The main reasons for HIV seroconversion among HIV-negative spouses in the discordant couples were poor condom use， poor compliance with antiviral therapy， and treatment discontinuation. ConclusionThe follow-up management of HIV discordant couples should be strengthened in Dehong Prefecture， especially the monitoring of viral load levels and immunological status of pre-HIV-positive spouses， to improve their compliance with antiviral therapy and reduce treatment discontinuation， which would effectively prevent and control HIV transmission between spouses.

Unprotected sexual intercourse and its correlates within HIV serodiscordant couples in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan Province, China, in 2014 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To study the prevalence and correlates of unprotected sexual intercourse within HIV serodiscordant couples in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, in 2014.@*Methods@#This study was based on the follow-up investigation of "the AIDS cohort of seronegative spouses of HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture" in 2014. The 1 520 participants were HIV seronegative spouses from all five counties/cities of Dehong prefecture who voluntarily participated in the cohort. Inclusion criteria included: having a HIV-positive spouse; ≥16 years of age; having had sexual intercourse with spouse in the past year; and being a resident of Dehong prefecture. Information on HIV-positive spouses were also collected through the local AIDS epidemic database. Chi square analysis was performed to compare differences in the rates of unprotected sexual intercourse between participants with different characteristics and lifestyle choices. Multivariable logistic regression model analysis was performed to determine correlates with unprotected sexual intercourse.@*Results@#The 1 520 participants had a mean age of 38.7±9.4, compared with 39.7±8.9 for their HIV-positive spouses. Among the HIV-positive spouses, 77.8% (1 183/1 520) had been infected for more than 3 years, and 87.6% (1 332/1 520) had received antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse within serodiscordant couples over the past 12 months was 16.1% (244/1 520). The prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse correlated with the level of education of HIV-negative spouses (illiterate vs. middle school and above, OR=1.58, P=0.044), the number of years since diagnosis of HIV-positive spouses (short vs. long, OR=1.6, P=0.006), antiretroviral therapy of HIV-positive spouses (no vs. yes, OR=2.78, P<0.001), the frequency of sexual intercourse per month (high vs. low, OR=1.66, P=0.019), and whether the couple had children (no vs. yes, OR=1.72, P=0.007).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse within serodiscordant couples in Dehong prefecture was relatively high in 2014. Factors found to correlate with the occurrence of unprotected sexual intercourse within these couples included illiteracy of HIV-negative spouses, short time since diagnosis of HIV-positive spouses and lack of antiretroviral therapy, high frequency of sexual intercourse and no children.

Incidence and risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of people living with HIV/AIDS in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the incidence rate and risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of people living with HIV/AIDS (HIV/AIDS) in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2009 to December 2014 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province. Questionnaire survey and HIV related tests were carried out once a year.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By the end of December 2014, 2 091 sero-negative spouses had been recruited, of whom 1 692 were followed-up for at least one time. RESULTS showed that 34 new HIV infections were identified within 5 494.52 person years of follow-up, for an overall incidence of 0.62 per 100 person years. HIV incidence rates appeared as 0.79 per 100 person years, 0.62 per 100 person years, 0.47 per 100 person years in 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, respectively. Data from the Cox proportional hazard regression model indicated that risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of HIV/AIDS were: non-consistent condom use (HR=4.64, 95%CI: 1.89-11.40,P= 0.001), HIV/AIDS delayed antiviral retrovirus therapy (ART) for more than one year (HR=3.70, 95% CI: 1.44-9.49,P=0.007) after the HIV negative spouses were initially recruited, HIV/AIDS did not receive any ART (HR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.14-11.51,P=0.029).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses in Dehong prefecture was relatively low. Publicity on consistent condom use program should be emphasized among sero-negative spouses of HIV/AIDS, together with the timely provision of ART to those HIV/AIDS.</p>

Analysis of follow-up and administration of HIV-infected Burmese in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare follow-up and administration of HIV-infected local Chinese and Burmese in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province, for scientific development of prevention and control measures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>14 270 HIV-infected local Chinese and 5 436 HIV-infected Burmese reported from 1989 to December 31, 2013 in Dehong prefecture were recruited as the subjects of study, comparing the differences of follow-up and management, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests and antiretroviral therapy (ART) between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of HIV-infected Burmese identified in Dehong prefecture was 27.6% (5 436/19 706) during 1989-2013. The number had been growing rapidly from 17.1% in 1989-2003, 12.4% in 2004 and 14.7% in 2005 to over 51.4% in 2012, hitting 59.4% in 2013 (trends χ² = 1 732.84, P < 0.000 1). The proportion of HIV-infected Burmese among case reports of various characteristics kept rising over the years. By the end of 2013, 8 095 HIV-infected local Dehong residents and 5 326 HIV-infected Burmese were still alive. 95.8% of them were under follow-up, 88.5% having CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and 78.3% under ART. Among the HIV-infected B urmese, only 19.2% of them were under follow-up, 13.0% having CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and 6.1% under ART, significantly lower than the local Dehong residents (P < 0.000 1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proportion of follow-up and administration, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and ART of HIV-infected Burmese was low in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, which called for more effective follow-up and administration measures.</p>

Correction of traumatic eyeball depression by bone grafting through a conjunctiva approach / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the corrective effect of traumatic eyeball depression through bone grafting without extra facial skin incision.Methods Six cases of traumatic fracture of all around eye socket with obvious eyeball depression deforming were treated.Under the local anaesthesia,the corresponding conjunctiva approaching was chosen according to the site of orbital fracture.Bone grafting with medial conjunctiva approach was chosen to the medial eye socket wall fracture,the lateral conjunctiva approach was chosen to the lateral wall fracture,and the inferior conjunctiva approach was chosen to the inferior wall fracture.The size and the shape of bone transplant should be estimated by the CT films previously.Results All the six cases were obviously improved.As the surgery was performed under the local anaesthesia,the movement of eyeball and the vision could be adjusted and be kept watch on timely.The surgery was less trauma and easy recovery,without new skin incision and eyeball functioning affection for all six cases.Conclusions The surgical approach is one of a way of reforming eyeball depressing.

Effects of biological zymolytic milk on the intestinal tract absorptivity of iron in rats / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To observe the effects of biological zymolytic milk on the intestinal tract absorptivity of iron in rats.Methods:Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and experiment group.The rats were fed basic diety without Fe for 3 days.Then rats in control group received Na55Fe EDTA fortified milk by intragastric administration, while rats in experiment group received Na55Fe EDTA zymolytic milk.The content of 55Fe in feces,blood,liver and spleen was measured.Results:The intestinal tract absorptivity of 55Fe in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group(P