A Comparison of Sources of Sodium and Potassium Intake by Gender, Age and Regions in Koreans: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012 / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main sources of dietary sodium and potassium intake in Koreans by gender, age and regions. METHODS: We used the data from 2010-2012 KNHANES. A total of 20,387 subjects aged 8 years and older were included. Intakes were compared by gender, age (8-18, 19-49 and >50 years) and geographical regions in Korea. Dishes were classified into 28 dish groups based on cooking methods. Statistical analysis was performed by using the SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN 11.0.1 software. RESULTS: The mean sodium intake of Koreans was 4866.5 ± 35.9 mg/day, which was 2.4 times higher than the adequate intake (AI) of sodium for Koreans. We found that daily sodium intakes were significantly different by age, gender and regions. Men and aged over 50 years had significantly higher sodium intake than women and other age groups. The mean potassium intake in Koreans was 3002.2 ± 19.4 mg/day and daily potassium intakes were significantly different by age, gender and regions. Women and age 50 years and over had significantly higher potassium intakes than men and other age groups. The average Na/K ratio was 2.89 ± 0.01 and was highest in men and in the age group of 19-49 years. The major sources of dietary sodium were soup and stew, followed by Kimchi, noodles and dumpling, pickled vegetables and seasonings, which represented 63.1 % of total sodium intakes. Soup and stew or Kimchi were the primary sources of dietary sodium intake. The major sources of dietary potassium were cooked rice, followed by soup and stew, Kimchi, fruits and beverages. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium and potassium intakes and the major sources of those were significantly different by gender, age groups and regions. Therefore, different approaches based on gender, age and regions are needed to decrease sodium intake and increase potassium intake.

Effect of early postnatal neutropenia in very low birth weight infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension / 소아과

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the perinatal clinical conditions of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) focusing on the effects of early postnatal neutropenia. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 191 VLBW infants who were born at Konyang University Hospital, between March 2003 and May 2011. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of the infants and their mothers and compared the incidence of perinatal diseases and mortality of the infants according to the presence or absence of maternal PIH and neutropenia on the first postnatal day. RESULTS: Infants born to mothers with PIH showed an increased incidence of neutropenia on the first postnatal day (47.4%), cesarean delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction. When the infants born to mothers with PIH showed neutropenia on the first postnatal day, their incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was increased (P=0.031); however, the difference was not found to be significant through logistic regression analysis. In all the VLBW infants, neutropenia on the first postnatal day was correlated with the development of RDS. The incidence of the other perinatal diseases involving sepsis and mortality did not significantly differ according to the presence or absence of neutropenia in infants born to mothers with PIH. CONCLUSION: In VLBW infants born to mothers with PIH, the incidence of neutropenia on the first postnatal day was increased and it was not significantly correlated with the development of perinatal diseases involving RDS, sepsis, and mortality.

An atypical phenotype of hypokalemic periodic paralysis caused by a mutation in the sodium channel gene SCN4A / 소아과

Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis is an autosomal-dominant channelopathy characterized by episodic muscle weakness with hypokalemia. The respiratory and cardiac muscles typically remain unaffected, but we report an atypical case of a family with hypokalemic periodic paralysis in which the affected members presented with frequent respiratory insufficiency during severe attacks. Molecular analysis revealed a heterozygous c.664 C>T transition in the sodium channel gene SCN4A, leading to an Arg222Trp mutation in the channel protein. The patients described here presented unusual clinical characteristics that included a severe respiratory phenotype, an incomplete penetrance in female carriers, and a different response to medications.

Thymic Enlargement in Patients with Hyperthyroidism

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic findings and clinical feasibility of thymic enlargement in patients with hyperthyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with hyperthyroidism and anterior mediastinal bulging revealed by chest radiogaphy were evaluated. The CT findings were analyzed with regard to the shape of the anterior mediastinal mass, surrounding infiltration, and enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. Whether or not tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin, and chorionic embryonic antigen) showed increased levels was determined, and the size and thickness of the anterior mediastinal mass were measured and compared with previously described age-matched thymus data. In addition, changes in the thyroid gland were evaluated. RESULTS: In all seven patients, anterior mediastinal masses were bi-lobed, with no surrounding infiltration or enlarged mediastinal lymph node, and tumor marker levels showed no increase. The masses were therefore considered to be thymus. In six patients, the size of the thymus exceeded two upper standard deviations of mean value and in one patient, it was smaller than this. In three patients, PCNB (percutaneous needle biopsy) revealed normal thymic tissue and in two, follow-up chest PA demonstrated no interval change. CT showed that in three patients, the thyroid glands were diffusely enlarged. CONCLUSION: In patients with hyperthyroidism, an anterior mediastinal mass seen on chest radiographs was due to thymic enlargement. The recognition of CT findings of thymic enlargement in such patients may avoid unnecessary biopsy.

Usefulness of Single Voxel Pro ton MR Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Hippocampal Sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the ability of H-1 MR spectroscopy (MRS) to lateralize the lesion in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers and 25 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy whose MR imaging diagnosis was unilateral hippocampal sclerosis were included. This diagnosis was based on the presence of unilateral atrophy and/or high T2 signal intensity of the hippocampus. Single-voxel H-1 MRS was carried out on a 1.5-T unit using PRESS sequence (TE, 136 msec). Spectra were obtained from hippocampal areas bilaterally with volumes of interest (VOIs) of 6.0 cm 3and 2.25 cm 3 in healthy volunteers, and of either 6.0 c m 3 (n = 14) or 2.25 cm 3 (n = 11) in patients. Metabolite ratios of NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr were calculated from relative peak height measurements. The capability of MRS to lateralize the lesion and to detect bilateral abnormalities was compared with MR imaging diagnosis as a standard of reference. RESULTS: In healthy volunteers, NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr ratios were greater than 0.8 and 1.0, respectively. In patients, the mean values of these ratios were significantly lower on the lesion side than on the contralateral side, and lower than those of healthy volunteers (p <.05). The overall correct lateralization rate of MRS was 72% (18/25); this rate was lower with a VOI of 6.0 cm 3 than of 2.25 cm 3 (64% versus 82%, p <.05). Bilateral abnormalities on MRS were found in 24% (6/25) of cases. CONCLUSION: Although its rate of correct lateralization is low, single-voxel H-1 MRS is a useful and promising diagnostic tool in the evaluation of hippocampal sclerosis, particularly for the detection of bilateral abnormalities. To improve the diagnostic accuracy of H-1 MRS, further investigation, including the use of a smaller VOI and measurement of the absolute amount of metabolites, are needed.

Extensive Peritoneal Calcifications Associated with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal calcification, which can lead to intestinal obstruction and potentially lethal hemoperitoneum, is a rare complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We describe a case in which extensive peritoneal calcification had arisen for this reason. Although the patient was asymptomatic, extensive calcification was present on the parietal and visceral peritoneum, including the hepatic and splenic surface.

Enterogenous Cyst of the Pancreas: A Case Report

True cysts of the pancreas are rare, and enterogeous (duplication) cysts are extremely rare. We describe a case of enterogenous cyst of the pancreas located in the retroperitoneum, in which homogenous low attenua-tion, multiloculation, internal septation and cyst wall calcification were noted.

MR Imaging Findings of Fatigue Fractures of Lower Extremity in Young Soldiers

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR imaging findings of fatigue fractures of the lower extremity in young soldiers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 22 cases of fatigue fractures of the lower extremity in young soldiers proven byclinical findings and radiological follow up, the MRI findings were retrospectively evalvated. All patients weremale and aged between 19 and 21 years. As seen on MRI, the bone marrow edema, intramedullary low signal intensityband, cortical fracture line, periosteal reaction, surrounding soft tissue edema, and enhancement pattern wereanalyzed and the site of involvement was determined in the axial plane. RESULTS: The locations of fatiguefractures of the lower extremity were the tibia (n=12), fibula (n=8), femur (n=1) and second metatarsus (n=1). Alloccurred in diaphyses: the junction of the proximal and middle (n=10), middle (n=9), proximal (n=2), and distalshaft (n=1). The sites of involvement were the posteromedial (n=6) and medial side (n=6) of the tibia, and theentire portion of the fibula(n=5) in the axial plane. MRI findings were bone marrow edema in 20 cases,intramedullary low signal intensity band in 14 (which were continuous with the cortex or cortical fracture line),cortical fracture line in 13, and periosteal reaction and surrounding soft tissue edema in all. Ongadolinium-enhanced images, enhancement was seen in the bone marrow in 19 cases, in the subperiosteal region in18, and in the surrounding soft tissue in 22. CONCLUSION: In fatigue fractures of the lower extremity in youngsoldiers, the main locations were the tibia and fibula, and characteristic MR imaging findings were intramedullarylow signal intensity bands, which were continuous with the cortex or cortical fracture line and often accompaniedby bone marrow edema, periosteal reaction, and surrounding soft tissue edema.

MR Imaging in Bell's Palsy and Herpes Zoster Oticus: Correlation with Clinical Findings

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MRI findings of acute facial nerve paralysis in Bell's palsy and herpes zosteroticus, and to correlate these with the clinical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed theMRI findings in six cases of Bell's palsy(BP) and two of herpes zoster oticus(HZO), and compared them with thefindings for 30 normal facial nerves. This nerve was considered abnormal when its signal intensity was greaterthan that of brain parenchyma or the contralateral normal side on Gd-enhanced T1-weighted axial and coronal MRimages. We analysed the location and degree of contrast enhancement, interval change, and clinical progression incorrelation with House-Brackmann(HB) grade and electroneuronography(ENoG) findings. RESULTS: Fifteen of 30 normalfacial nerves(50%) seen on Gd-enhanced MRI were mildly enhanced in the geniculate ganglion, the proximal tympanic,and the proximal mastoid segment of the facial nerve. No enhancement of the internal auditory canal(IAC) orlabyrinthine segment of the facial nerve was noted, however. In BP and HZO, Gd-enhanced MR images revealed fair tomarked enhancement for more than two segments from the internal auditory canal to the mastoid segment of thefacial nerve. During follow-up MRI, enhancement of the facial nerve varied in location and signal intensity,though gradually decreased in intensity approximately eight weeks after the onset of facial nerve palsy. Nocorrelation between clinical HB grade, ENoG, and follow up MRI findings was noted. CONCLUSION: Except in theinternal auditory canal and labyrinthine segment, normal facial neve may show mild and relatively symmetricalenhancement. In BP and HZO, the facial nerve showed diffuse enhancement from the IAC to the mastoid segment.

Early Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head: Relationship of the Findings of Preoperative MRI and the Long-Term Results of Core Decompression

PURPOSE: To evaluate potential correlation between the extent and site of avascular necrosis (AVN), as determined by preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the development of femoral head collapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using clinical, radiographic and MR imaging criteria, twenty hips in 15 patients were selected for core decompression. Preoperative MR results were classified into three categories: group A, less than 15% involvement of the weight-bearing portion of the femoral head; group B, 15%-30% involvement; group C, more than 30% involvement, according to ARCO staging. We also established three groups according to site of involvement of the femoral head, namely medial, middle and lateral. RESULTS: Of 20 cases, three were stage Ia; two, Ib; four, Ic; three, IIa; two, IIb; and 6, IIc. Ten cases of Ia, Ib, IIa or IIb showed no femoral head collapse during follow-up of at least 24 months, while ten cases of Ic or IIc showed femoral head collapse. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of core decompression in patients with early AVN is related to the area of lesion in the femoral head.

MR Arthrography of the Labral-Capsular-Ligamentous Complex: Normal Anatomy, Anatomic Variations, and Pitfalls - Preliminary Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate anatomic variations and pitfalls of the labral-capsular-ligamentous complex in the shoulder joint for the proper interpretation of magnetic reasonance arthrographic images. MATERIALS AND METHODS:To determine the presence of sublabral sulci, undercutting of the base of the glenoid labrum by the articular cartilage, and the proximity of the middle glenohumeral ligament to the anterior glenoid labrum, 56 MR arthrograms of 41 asymptomatic volunteers were prospectively evalvated for labral shape and capsular insertion. We also evaluated the axillary fold, which was often confused with a loose body. RESULTS: The anterior and posterior parts of the labra, varied but their shape showed several dominant features; triangular(72%, 36%, respectively), rounded(13%, 35%), cleaved(8%, 1%), notched(2%, 0%), flat(5%, 24%), and absent(0%, 4%). Anterior capsular insertion was type 1 in 82% of cases, type 2 in 13% and type 3 in 5%, whereas posterior insertion was type 1 in 62%, type 2 in 36% and type 3 in 2%. We could also detect many pitfalls, such as undercutting of the base of theglenoid labrum by the articular cartilage(29%), sublabral sulci(25%), a prominent axillary fold(38%), and the middle glenohumeral ligament in proximity to the anterior labrum(5%). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed wide variability in the MR arthrographic appearance of the labral-capsular-ligamentous complex in asymptomatic shoulders. A good understanding of normal variation and pitfalls of the normal shoulder may be helpful pathologic condition in case of glenouhumeral instability.

Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder: MR Imaging and MR Arthrographic Findings

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic findings and usefulness of MRI and MR arthrogram in recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI and MR arthrogram of thirty-two cases of thirty patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate glenohumeral ligaments, pattern of labral injury, bony Bankart lesion, capsular stripping, Hill-Sachs lesion, and loose body. RESULTS: Labral abnormalities was detected on MRI in 23 cases(72%) and MR arthrogram in 22 cases(69%) as labral tear, detachment, and deficiency. All cases involved anteroinferior labrum. On MR arthrogram, labral abnormalities was confined to anteroinferior portion in 4 cases(18%), extended into midglenoid level in 13 cases(59%), and that into anterosuperior portion in 5 cases(23%). Capsular stripping was noted on MRI in 6 cases(19%) and MR arthrogram in 12 cases(38%). Loose body was detected only on MR arthrogram in 5 cases (16%). Bony Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion was detected equally on MRI and MR arthrogram in 2 cases (6%) and 21 cases(66%) respectively. We obtained identical findings on both MR arthrogram and operation field in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: MRI with its excellent soft tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar imaging capafility helps detection of labral injury in recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. MR arthrogram is slightly invasive, but shows good artatomic details of labral-ligamentous-capsular relationship and thus provides accurate detec- tion of pattern of labral injury, capsular stripping, and loose body.

Role of Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow Joint

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of CT in early detection, location, and extent of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed surgically proved 27 cases of 22 patients with osteochondritis dissecans in elbow joint retrospectively. We compared simple x-ray(elbow AP & lateral) with CT on the basis of staging of OCD of talus by simple x-ray. RESULTS: The frequency of location was as follows:fourteen cases of capitellum, 5 cases of olecranon tip, 5 cases of medial epicondyle, 2 cases of trochlea, and 1 case of olecranon base. Among the 4 cases of normal finding on simple x-ray, CT showed 1 case each of stage I, II, III, and IV OCD and among the 8 cases of stage I on simple x-ray, CT showed 2 cases of stage I, 1 case of stage II, and 5 cases of stage III. Among the 3 cases of stage II on simple x-ray, CT showed 1 case of stage II and 2 cases of stage III. Among the 5 cases of stage III on simple x-ray, CT showed 1 case of stage II, 2 cases of stage III, and 2 cases of stage IV, but it was difficult to detect the presence or absence of attachment between the articular cartilage of mother bone and osteochondral fragment. CT was more accurate than simple x-ray in detection of loose body. CONCLUSION: CT might be an useful imaging modality in early diagnosis of OCD and evaluation of its anatomic location and extent in elbow joint.

MR Imaging of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

PURPOSE: There is increasing awareness of the clinical importance of early detection and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) injury. We evaluate the usefulness of Magnetic resonance(MR) imaging in the diagnosis of PCL injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the MR images of 140 cases with clinically suspected knee injury. Arthroscopic or surgical correlation was available in 63 cases. We observed the finding and extent of PCL injury and other associated abnormalities. The frequency of anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligament was evaluated. RESULTS: Eleven PCL injuries were observed, six midsubstance tears, two tibial attachment tears, two fernoral attachment tear, one laxity. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MR imaging diagnosis are 100%, 98.1%, 98.4%. MR findings of PCL injury are discontinuity and focal mass formation, irregular increased signal intensity, detachment or redundancy of the ligament with avulsed bony fragment. In all cases of injured PCL, other associated abnormalities of adjacent structures were observed. Accessory anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments were observed in 67.4%(87/129). CONCLUSION: MR imaging is useful in evaluation of presence or absence of PCL injury, accurate extent of PCL injury and other important associated abnormalities of adjacent structures.

Double contrast CT arthrographic findings of shoulder instability

Gleno-humeral joint is a ball and socket joint. It has the greatest range of movement among all the joints of the body. The greatest range of movement is inevitably accompanied by a considerable loss in stability. Thirty-three persons underwent Double contrast CT arthrography of the shoulder for the evaluation of suspected shoulder derangement. We performed 62 shoulder arthrography(33 abnormal shoulders and 29 normal shoulders) and reviewed their findings retrospectively. They had recurrent shoulder dislocation(30 shoulders) or nonspecific shoulder pain(3 shoulders). Injury of the glenoid labrum was seen in 28 shoulders at double contrast CT arthrography. Among 28 cases of the labral injury, detachment was seen in 15 cases, labral tear in 5 cases, and labral erosion in 8 cases. Double contrast CT arthrography also showed Hill-Sachs in 20 shoulders. The numbers of type 1, type 2, and type 3 capsulolabral attachment in 33 shoulder instability cases were 10, 16, and 7, respectivity, while, 16, 12, and, 1 in 29 normal controls. Type 2 and 3 are more common in shoulder instability group than normal control group. Operation was done in 18 shoulders. Comparing with operation findings, the sensitivity of double contrast CT arthrography in the detection of Hill-Sachs defect was 100% with the specificity of 71% and the accuracy of 89%. The sensitivity, and accuracy of double contrast CT arthrography in the detection of labral injury were 94%, 100%, and 95, respectively. Double contrast CT arthrography is a minimally invasive and highly accurate technique for in the evaluation of glenohumeral instability.

Shoulder instability: evaluation with arthrotomography

No abstract available.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia after ingestion of shark liver oil: a case report

No abstract available.

Radiologic evaluation of wrist arthrography

No abstract available.

A treble synchronous colonic carcinoma with a rectal polyp / 대한암학회지

No abstract available.

The Significance of the Myelography in the Herniation of Intervertebral Disc / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The herniation of intervertebral disc is possibly diagnosed through the myelography, electromyography, discography or computerized tomography. Among them, the myelography is regarded as the popularized method that helps accurate analysis on the location and pattern of the lesion. The authors have studied 363 cases of herniated intervertebral disc with respect to the diagnostic accuracy of myelographic examination from January, 1982 to December, 1985 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Radiology, National Police Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. The most common age group was 21 to 30 years old and ratio of male and female was 9.7: l. 2. The most common site of the lesion was between L4 and L5 vertebra in myelography. 3. Of the 363 cases which underwent the myelography, 305(84.0%) represented positive findings. 4. Myelographic accuracy was coincided with the clinical diagnosis regarding the location of herniation of intervertebebral disc in 262 cases(72.1%).