Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Methods of Pulmonary Mucormycosis / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary mucormycosis （PM） in southern China， and to explore the diagnostic value of metagenomic next generation sequencing （mNGS） in PM. MethodsThe clinical manifestations， diagnosis， treatment and prognosis of patients diagnosed with PM in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1， 2019 to January 31， 2022 who had undergone mNGS detection in lung tissue or alveolar lavage fluid were collected retrospectively. A total of 14 patients with PM were included， including 4 patients with confirmed diagnosis and 10 patients with clinical diagnosis. ResultsAll patients had underlying medical conditions， with hematological malignancies and diabetes being the most common. The most common symptoms were fever （n = 10）， cough （n = 9） and shortness of breath （n = 9）. Consolidation was the most common sign of chest CT， followed by mass， mostly with cavity. On laboratory tests， decreased CD4+T lymphocytes， elevated CD8+T lymphocytes， and decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio， and presentation with pleural effusion indicate poor prognosis. The positive rate of mNGS diagnosis was 78.5%， which was significantly higher than that of histopathology （50%）， fungus rapid fluorescence staining （61.5%） and fungal culture （23.1%） of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. ConclusionsPulmonary mucormycosis is more likely to occur in patients with underlying diseases or who are immunocompromised. The clinical manifestations lack specificity. The low CD4/CD8 ratio and presentation of pleural effusion on CT imaging indicate poor prognosis of patients. mNGS is a rapid， convenient and sensitive method for the diagnosis of PM， which has advantages in the diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis.

Trends and prediction of the burden of depression among adolescents aged 10 to 24 years in China from 1990 to 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Methods@#To analyze the trend of the burden of depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2019 and predict its future trend, so as to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment.@*Methods@#The prevalence and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were determined using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Database. The joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the changing trend of the burden of depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years in China from 1990 to 2019. The ARIMA time series model was established using R software to predict the development trend of depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years in China from 2020 to 2029.@*Results@#From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence and DALYs rate were higher among adolescents aged 10-24 years in comparison to the general population and males. Furthermore, the prevalence and DALYs rate were higher among adolescents aged 20-24 years than among those aged 15-19 and 10-14 years, with statistical significance ( P <0.05). The joinpoint regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years showed an overall decreasing trend with an average annual rate of 1.61% ( t =-10.53, P <0.05), while the prevalence of depression among male and female adolescents in the same age group also showed a decreasing trend, with an average annual decreasing rate of 1.18% ( t =-5.79) and 1.79% ( t =-11.84) ( P <0.05), and the overall decline rate was greater among women than men. There was no significant change in the prevalence of depression among adolescents aged 10-14 years from 1990 to 2019 (AAPC=-0.28, P >0.05), while the prevalence of depression among adolescents aged 15-19 years and 20-24 years also showed a decreasing trend with an average annual rate of 1.43% ( t =-12.05) and 1.90% ( t =-24.92) ( P <0.05). The ARIMA model predicted that the prevalence of depression and the rate of DALYs among adolescents aged 10-24 years would continue to decline from 2020 to 2029.@*Conclusion@#The prevention and treatment of depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years in China should focus on females and those aged 20- 24 years old. We should start from the environment and micro-environment of adolescent growth and take active and effective measures to prevent the occurrence of adolescent depression.

Chemical constituents and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of seeds of Moringa oleifera / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of the seeds of Moringa oleifera were isolated and purified by using Sephadex LH-20, Toyo-pearl HW-40F, silica gel, ODS, and MCI column chromatography. The structures of compounds were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry, ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and ~1H-~1H COSY, as well as physicochemical properties of compounds and literature data. Twelve compounds were isolated from 30% ethanol fraction of the seeds of M. oleifera and identified as ethyl-4-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-α-L-rhamnoside(1), ethyl-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-α-L-rhamnoside(2),(4-hydroxybenzyl)ethyl carbamate(3),(4-aminophenyl)acetic acid(4), ethyl-α-L-rhamnoside(5), methyl-α-L-rhamnoside(6), moringapyranosyl(7), 2-[4-(α-L-rhamnosyl)phenyl]methyl acetate(8), niaziridin(9), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural(10), 4-hydroxybenzeneacetamide(11), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(12). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 are two new compounds, compound 3 is a new natural product, and compounds 4-5 were yielded from Moringa plant for the first time. All compounds were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Compound 10 showed excellent inhibitory activity with IC_(50) of 210 μg·mL~(-1).

Chinese Siblings with Prader-Willi Syndrome Inherited from Their Paternal Grandmother

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurobehavioral disorder causedby failure of expression of paternally inherited genes in the PWS region of chromosome 15.Case characteristics: Two siblings who both met the inclusion criteria for clinical diagnosisof PWS during neonatal period. Outcome: Molecular genetic analysis demonstrated a 417-kb microdeletion within the 15q11.2 region inherited from siblings’ paternal grandmother,involving key genes of PWS, except for UBE3A, which may explain why their father andpaternal grandmother had a normal phenotype. Conclusion: The findings may be helpfulfor better understanding of the underlying mechanism of this rare imprinting defect

Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases in the biosynthesis of microbial secondary metabolites / 生物工程学报

Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases, a well-studied class of flavin-dependent enzymes, catalyze the conversion of ketones to lactones or esters and the oxygenation of heteroatoms, which possesses great practical prospect in synthetic chemistry and biocatalysis. In this review, we focus on Baeyer-Villiger oxidations involved in biosynthesis of microbial secondary metabolites and discuss the characteristics of these Baeyer-Villiger oxidations and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases, to provide reference for the protein engineering of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases.

Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound in Preventing and Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common malignancy in the world. Although there is progress in HCC diagnosis and treatment, it is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide because it is not easily diagnosed early and the disease progresses quickly. China is a high-risk area for HCC, and the number of cases is high and on the rise. Its prevention and treatment is a pressing problem. At present, western medicine is still unclear about the complex pathogenesis and clinical treatment of HCC. There are still many shortcomings and huge challenges. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has its unique advantages in the treatment of HCC. With an overall concept, it has unique therapeutic effect and fewer side effect on HCC,it can not only inhibit tumor growth, but also alleviate patients' clinical symptoms and improve their quality of life. Therefore, the study of the effect of TCM in treating HCC has attracted the attention from many clinicians and researchers. However, the chemical composition of TCM formula is complex, with many targets and huge network of pharmacodynamic mechanisms, which greatly limits the research on the development of clinical drugs for the Chinese medicine formula. In recent years, there have been achievements in the studies of anti-hepatocarcinoma efficacy and mechanism of action of Chinese medicine compound, which mainly focused on the compound's effect in inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells, blocking cell cycle and inducing apoptosis and autophagy, inhibiting liver cancer cell invasion and metastasis, regulating the immune function, synergism and attenuation, and reversing the drug resistance. In this paper, domestic and foreign literatures on the above-mentioned pharmacodynamics and mechanism of anti-liver cancer of TCM compound were studied, analyzed, summarized and summarized. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of its anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism, and provides scientific ideas and evidence for the future study of the anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism of TCM compound and its rational clinical application.

Evaluation of tumor heterogeneity in prostate cancer with Gleason score 7 points by MRI texture analysis:a preliminary study / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of differential diagnosis of Gleason score (GS)(3+4)and (4+3)in prostate cancer (PCa) based on texture parameters of T2 WI and ADC maps.Methods A total of 77 patients with GS 7 points in PCa confirmed by pathology were enrolled in this retrospective study,including 45 GS(3+4)cases and 32 GS(4+3)cases.ROI was manually drew on the largest section of tumor on the axial T2 WI and ADC maps,and five texture parameters were extracted,namely,angular second moment (ASM),contrast, correlation,inverse difference moment and entropy,and the texture parameters between groups were analyzed statistically,then ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of texture parameters with statistical differences.Results There was no significant difference in age and prostate specific antigen (PSA)between GS (3 + 4)and GS (4 + 3)groups (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in ASM and entropy between T2 WI and ADC (P＜0.05),but there was no statistical difference in contrast,correlation and inverse difference moment (P＞0.05).Except for the AUC of T2 WIASM,there were statistical differences among T2 WIentropy ,ADCASM and ADCentropy.The AUC of ADCASM and ADCentropy were larger than that of T2 WIASM and T2 WIentropy.The AUC of ADCentropy had the largest AUC (0.732),the cut off value was 5.71 ,with the sensitivity was 97.6% and specificity was 5 9.5%.Conclusion MRI texture analysis can be used to differentiate GS (3 + 4)from GS (4 + 3)in PCa,and the ADCentropy have the best diagnostic efficacy.

Clinical study of sympathetic activity in aged hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To study sympathetic activity in aged patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicated left ven-tricular hypertrophy (LVH).Methods : A total of 248 aged EH patients were selected from our hospital from Jun 2015 to Jun 2017- According to blood pressure level ,they were divided into EH stage 1 group (n＝78) ,stage 2 group (n＝89) and stage 3 group (n＝81).According to presence of LVH ,patients were divided into no LVH group (n＝122) and complicat-ed LVH group (n＝126).According to blood pressure level ,LVH patients were divided into stage 1 group (n＝28) ,stage 2 group (n＝41) and stage 3 group (n＝57).Another 130 healthy aged people undergoing physical examination were regar-ded as normal aged group .Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) contents were measured and compared among all groups ,and 24h DCG was performed.Results :Compared with normal aged group ,there were significant rise in plasma contents of NE [ (238-33 ± 18-04) ng／L vs.(312-90 ± 23-20) ng／L ,(279-28 ± 20-85) ng／L] ,E [ (262-86 ± 24-56) ng／L vs.(366-57 ± 25-53) ng／L ,(301-20 ± 23-80) ng／L] in complicated LVH group and no LVH group ( P＝0-001 all) ,and plasma NE and E contents gradually and significantly rose along with blood pressure stage rose , P＝0-001 all. Compared with normal aged group ,there was significant rise in mean heart rate [ (64-80 ± 5-40) beats／min vs.(69-02 ± 4-56) beats／min ,(66-72 ± 4-98) beats／min] in complicated LVH group and no LVH group ( P＝0-001 ,0-017) ;signif-icant reductions in SDNN [ (122-07 ± 7-73) ms vs.(109-51 ± 8-13) ms ,(99-25 ± 7-89) ms] ,SDANN [ (111-72 ± 13-33) ms vs.(103-52 ± 10-41) ms ,(94-78 ± 8-75) ms] ,rMSSD [ (43-98 ± 6-31) ms vs.(37-25 ± 6-42) ms ,(32-05 ± 5-19) ms] and PNN50 [ (7-67 ± 0-71)% vs.(5-41 ± 0-67)%,(3-39 ± 0-63)%] in no LVH group and complicated LVH group , P＝0-001 all ,above indexes gradually and significantly reduced along with blood pressure stage rose , P＝0-001 all.Conclusion :Sympathetic activity significantly elevates in aged EH + LVH patients.Controlling sympathetic ac-tivity will help to improve prognosis .

Construction and identification of lentiviral vector containing human ILK-shRNA and mda7 gene / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct and identify lentiviral vector containing human ILK-shRNA and mda7 gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the human ILK gene sequences, RNAi target sequences were designed and cloned into the lentiviral vector pSicoR-eGFP by restriction endonuclease HpaI and XhoI double digestion and T4 DNA ligase ligation. Based on the human mda7 gene sequences, PCR primers were designed to clone the full-length mda7, and were cloned into the lentiviral vector pLVX-Puro. After the candidate clones were identified by DNA sequencing, the recombinant plasmid and the three packaging plasmids were co-transfected into the human embryonic kidney 293T cells by lipofectamine 2000 to produce the lentiviral particles. Human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were infected with the constructed lentiviral vector. The ILK and mda7 expression levels in PC-3 cells were quantified by qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The effect of ILK and mda7 on proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells were assessed by MTT method and Transwell assay, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ILK-pSicoR-eGFP and mda7-pLVX-Puro lentiviral vectors were successfully constructed. Strong green fluorescence was observed in the 293T cells under the fluorescent microscope after co-transfection of 293T cells with 4 plasmids of lentiviral vector. The transfection efficiency of the collected virus exceeded 90% in the 293T cells and the PC-3 cells were infected with the lentiviral particles with high efficiency. The A and B lentiviral vector inhibited the expression of ILK at both the mRNA and protein levels in PC-3 cells significantly. The mda7-pLVX-Puro lentiviral vector increased the expression of mda7 in PC-3 cells, and the ability was maintained for one month. Within 96 h, ILK and mad7 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells (Ps<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lentiviral vectors of ILK knockdown and mda7 over-expression have been successfully constructed and identified. The recombinant lentivirus can efficiently infect human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, in which ILK expression is inhibited and mda7 is over-expressed.</p>

Phenols and flavonoids from the aerial part of Euphorbia hirta / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To investigate the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Euphorbia hirta Linn.@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.@*RESULTS@#Nine compounds were isolated and identified as scopoletin (1), scoparone (2), isoscopoletin (3), quercetin (4), isorhamnetin (5), pinocembrin (6), kaempferol (7), luteolin (8), gallic acid (9).@*CONCLUSION@#Among them compounds 1-3, 5-8 were found from this plant for the first time.

Predictive study of HBsAg in different stages of neonatal venous blood on failure of blocking HBV mother to infant transmission / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, we discuss the predictive value of different content of HBsAg in different stages of neotal venous blood on failure of blocking mother to infant transmission of HBV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>150 infants born of chronically HBV infected mothers who were positive of both HBsAg and HBeAg and who also had a HBV DNA virus load above 10(5) copies/ml were enrolled. These infants were given hepatitis B virus immune globin (HBIG) 200 IU immediately after birth and were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 or 20 microg at brith, 1 month and 6 months after birth. HBV serological index of these infants were test at birth, 1 month and 7 months after birth respectively. Different content of HBsAg in different stages of neonatal venus blood were analyzed to predict the failure of blocking mother to infant transmission of HBV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>11 infants failed in blocking of HBV mother to infant transmission. The positive rate of HBsAg at birth, 1 month and 7 months after birth were 41.26%, 10.49% and 7.69% respectively, and were 97.90%, 65.73% and 13.29% of HBeAg. The positive predictive value of HBsAg > or = 0.05 and HBsAg > or = 1 IU/ml at birth were 18.64% and 70% respectively, and were 73.33% and 100% one month after birth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Infants with HBsAg > or = 1 IU/ml at birth should be suspicious of failure on blocking HBV mother-to-infant transmission and it should be more credible if the infant has HBsAg > or = 1 IU/ml one month after birth. How to improve the blocking rate of neonates who were positive of HBsAg at birth and one month after birth should be the focus of our future research.</p>

A 10-year review of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus and the clinical value of interleukin-10 in diabetic ketoacidosis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the incident status of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 1999 to 2009 and to explore the clinical value of IL-10 in diabetic ketoacidosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 263 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1999 to February 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Serum lipid levels were measured in 48 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in 24 healthy children. The diabetic children were classified into two subgroups, with or without ketoacidosis. Serum lipid and cytokines levels were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus was common in females (56.3%). The peak incident age of the disease was between 6 and 11.9 years. Diabetic ketoacidosis was as the presenting symptom for the first visit in 86 cases (32.7%). The levels of serum lipid, blood glucose and HbA1c in diabetic children with ketoacidosis were significantly higher than those without ketoacidosis (P<0.05). Logistic analysis demonstrated that the increased levels of blood glucose, serum lipid and HbA1c were risk factors for diabetic ketoacidosis. The level of serum IL-10 in diabetic children with ketoacidosis was significantly higher than that in patients without ketoacidosis (P<0.01), while there were no differences in serum levels IL-2, IL4, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ between them. Serum levels IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in diabetic children were significantly higher than those in healthy children (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ketoacidosis is a common acute complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism are the risk factors for ketoacidosis in diabetic children. IL-10 may be a sensitive index of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.</p>

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations including internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of juxtamembrane region and point mutation of the second tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and its clinical significance. The ITD mutation in FLT3 exon 14, 15 of bone marrow mononuclear cells was detected by genomic DNA-PCR, the TKD point mutation in FLT3 exon 20 was detected by genomic DNA-PCR combined with restriction endonuclease digest. The results indicated that among 131 newly diagnosed AML patients, 21 patients (16.0%) showed FLT3-ITD positive, 3 patients (2.3%) showed FLT3-TKD positive. None was found harboring both mutations. The WBC and bone marrow blast counts in FLT3-ITD positive patients seemed both higher than those in patients with wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-wt), but there was significant difference only in WBC count (p<0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate in FLT3-ITD positive patients was 47.6%, which was significantly lower than that in FLT3-wt patients (88.1%, p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in CR rate between FLT3-ITD positive and negative patients in 20 cases of M3; the CR rate in FLT3-ITD positive patients with non M(3) was 37.5 (6/16) which was obviously lower than that in FLT3-wt patients with non M3 (90.6%, 48/53) (p<0.05). 3 FLT3-ITD positive patients with CR relapsed after CR for 14 (2-20) months with relapse rate 50% (3/6) which was higher than that in FLT3-wt patients (29.2%, 14/48). It is concluded that FLT3 mutation is common in AML patients, while FLT3-ITD mutation is more frequent than FLT3-TKD mutation. The AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutation have a poor prognosis, while FLT3-TKD point mutation does not significantly influences prognosis of the patients. Therefore early detection of FLT3 mutation may be important for targeting therapy and evaluating clinical prognosis of AML patients.

Tyrosine kinase mutation and acute myeloid leukemia with T (8; 21) / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the status of c-KIT, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with t (8; 21) and to analyze their relation to clinical feature and prognosis. PCR, AS-PCR, restriction and sequencing methods were used respectively to detect the FLT3, JAK 2 and c-KIT mutations in 8 cases of de novo AML with t (8; 21) and 6 cases of relapsed AML with t (8; 21). The results showed that the c-KIT mutation was found in 2 cases out of 14 AML patients with t (8; 21) (14.3%), among them 1 case had c-KIT D816V mutation, the other had c-KIT D816Y mutation. The FLT3-ITD mutation was detect in 1 out of 14 patients (7.1%), but JAK2 mutation could not be detected in all 14 cases. In conclusion, tyrosine kinase mutation relates to AML with t (8; 21), patients with tyrosine kinase mutation may have higher relapse, extramedullary infiltration and poor prognosis. The screening c-KIT, FLT3 mutations may play an important role in evaluating prognosis and guiding treatment of t (8; 21) AML.

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a case report with clinicopathological and human papilloma virus analyses / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further understand the clinicopathological, ultrastructural and molecular features of penile pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma (PASCC), and improve its diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 47-year-old male patient with penile PASCC was reported and the relevant literature reviewed. The main clinical manifestations of the patient were a typical surface ulceration with hemorrhage and purulent secretion with a foul smell, a papillary mass about 5.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 4.0 cm for 1 year on the foreskin of the penis, and 3 enlarged bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. CT scanning showed no enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis, and X-ray examination revealed no abnormality in the chest.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnosis was established by biopsy. Partial penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy (T2N2M0) were performed, followed by adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy. Two months later, total penectomy was necessitated by penile flap necrosis and local recurrence. Eleven months after the first surgery, the patient died of extensive metastasis to the pelvis and lungs. Under the light microsope, the tumor was mainly composed of vessel-like lacunar reticularis spindle cells and a few local squamous cancer cells. Careful examination revealed some focal areas with evident transition from squamous nests to the more acantholytic areas extending towards the pseudoangiosarcomatous spaces. Pathogenetically, it appeared to be the variant of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells were strongly positive for keratin (AE1/AE3) and focally positive for EMA, with the typical squamous cells focally positive for 34betaE12 and vimentin. The vessels that proliferated in the tumor were decorated by CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigens, but the tumor cells were negative for HMB45, SMA, Desmin and CEA. HPV DNA (HPVpan, HPV6B/11, HPV16/18, HPV31/33) was not detected by in situ hybridization in the primary and metastatic tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PASCC is a specific and extremely rare subtype of penile SCC with dramatic similarity to angiosarcoma under the microscope, with poor prognosis. Its diagnosis depends on histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Such a presentation underscores the importance of timely consultation, early diagnosis and prompt treatment.</p>

Clinicopathologic study of parvovirus B19 infection in perinatal period / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize the risks and histopathological features of parvovirus B19 infection of infants in perinatal period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routine pathological examination was performed on 1 neonate, 2 dead fetuses and 2 placentas using either autopsy or biopsy materials.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnostic intranuclear inclusions were found in erythroblasts in the bone marrow, liver, spleen and lungs in one case, in the spleen and liver in one case, in the spleen in one case, and in the placentas in two cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Severe hemolytic anemia or fetal hydrop or hemophagocytosis caused by the infection of parvovirus B19 can lead to death of infected neonates and fetus. Pathological confirmation of parvovirus B19 infection relies on the identification of erythroblasts containing the diagnostic intranuclear inclusions.</p>

2-methoxyestradiol disrupts aggresomes induction by bortezomib and potentiates apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the synergistic anti-multiple myeloma (MM) effect of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) and bortezomib, and explore the relationship between this effect and blockade of aggresomes formation by 2-ME2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four MM cell lines RPMI-8226, NCI-H929, U266 and SKO-007 were used for study. Immunoflourescent anti-ubiquitin and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to examine aggresome-positive cells and apoptotic cells, respectively. Isobolographic analysis was used for determination of synergy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Quantitative assay showed that in the absence of bortezomib, only 6.6% - 8.9% of MM cells were aggresome-positive, but the percentage was increased to 71.9%-83.4% after treatment with bortezomib at IC(20) concentration for 24 h. Aggresome-positive cells with immunoreactivity to anti-ubiquitin were detected in almost all non-apoptotic cells, but not in apoptotic cells. (2) Treatment in a definite range of concentrations bortezomib plus 2-ME2 led to MM cell apoptosis compared with each agent alone and the significantly synergistic effect confirmed by isobolographic analysis. (3) Combination of bortezomib and 2-ME2 increased the apoptotic cells aggresome-negative cells (ANK) and decreased the non-apoptotic cells in aggresome positive cells (APC). In RPMI8226 and U266 cells, the apoptotic cells in ANC increased from (14.5 +/- 2.0)% and (20.1 +/- 2.9)% to (80.7 +/- 6.9)% and (71.6 +/- 6.2)%, and the non-apoptotic cells in APC decreased from (75.3 +/- 5.7)% and (69.1 +/- 8.6)% to (13.8 +/- 3.8)% and (19.5 +/- 4.2)%, respectively, in combined group and bortezomib alone group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bortezomib-induced aggresomes have a protective function for MM cells and combination of bortezomib with 2-ME2 induced a synergistic cytotoxicity to the cells.</p>

Myeloma stem/progenitor cells as new targets for therapy of multiple myeloma--review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a population of functionally heterogeneous cells, in which identifying the target cells causing molecular lesion is a fundamental issue. The resultant tumor stem/progenitor cells comprise only a minor portion of the myeloma cells, which give rise through differentiation to more committed progenitors as well as differentiated blasts that constitute the bulk of the tumor. Although they are rare as compared with fully differentiated plasma cells, MM stem/progenitor cells are likely responsible for the maintenance and progression of disease through the production of new tumor cells. Thus, this is the cell population which must be eradicated for successful treatment. This article reviewed apparently conflicting evidence pertaining to the cellular origins of MM and proposed that myeloma may originate in more cellular components. In this article, the nature of the target cells, the identification and phenotypic analyses of clonogenic myeloma cells, the signaling pathways within myeloma stem/progenitor cells and the target therapy related were reviewed as well.

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Ligusticum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between entophytic fungal community, habitations and varieties of Ligusticum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The solidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) of plates was applied for the isolation of the endophytic fungi, and the identification was completed by spot-planting method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fifty strains of the entophytic fungi were isolated from the rhizome of L. chuanxiong collected from 6 habitations. They were morphologically identified as belonging to 13 genera, 4 families, 3 orders and 1 class.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were some differences at quantity, species and distributing of the entophytic fungi in different habitats and varieties of Ligusticum, which was suggested that entophytic fungal community is related with specific habitat.</p>

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of uterus: report of 5 cases and literature review / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pathologic features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and biologic behavior of uterine perivascular epithelioid tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five cases of uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumor were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Follow-up information was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the five tumors were composed by clear or eosinophilic cells arranged in nests and cords, associated with abundant small vessels and hyalinization in the stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells demonstrated positive staining for melanocytic markers (HMB45 and/or Melan-A), desmin and smooth muscle actin. The staining for cytokeratin and CD10 was negative. All the patients followed for a certain period are still alive, with no evidence of disease recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor of uterus, with distinctive histologic and immunohistochemical features. It should be distinguished from clear cell carcinoma and epithelioid leiomyoma of uterus. Positivity for melanocytic markers (especially HMB45) plays an important role in the diagnosis of this tumor. In general, the tumor is categorized as benign, with uncertain malignant potential and malignant.</p>