Relationship between hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and abnormal blood pressure in children and adolescents in Yinchuan City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype and abnormal blood pressure in children and adolescents in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, and to provide scientific basis for early identification and prevention of hypertension.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 566 children and adolescents in Yinchuan. All participants completed questionnaire survey, physical measurement and biochemical examination.@*Results@#In general, after adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, and family history of hypertension, compared with the normal triglyceride normal waist (NWNT) phenotype, the enlarged waist (EW) and HTW phenotypes both increased the risk of abnormal blood pressure ( OR EW =2.62, 95% CI =1.87-3.67; OR HTW =3.97, 95% CI =2.30-6.86); the risk of abnormal blood pressure in boys with EW and HTW phenotypes was that of boys with NTNW phenotype, respectively 3.80 times (95% CI =2.35-6.15) and 3.32 times (95% CI =1.59-6.92) of girls EW and HTW phenotypes. The risk of abnormal blood pressure in girls with EW and HTW phenotypes was that of girls with NTNW phenotype, respectively 1.72 times (95% CI =1.06-2.82) and 4.62 times(95% CI =1.97-10.85).@*Conclusion@#The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotypes among children and adolescents in Yinchuan is significantly correlated with increased risk of abnormal blood pressure. More attention should be paid to triglyceride level and waist circumference among children and adolescents.

Preliminary results of endoscopic stent placement for treating benign pyloric stenosis (with video) / 中华消化内镜杂志

From June 2017 to September 2019, 5 patients who were diagnosed as having benign severe pyloric stenosis underwent fully covered stent placement using a new stenting method at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Five patients were performed successfully without serious complications. Postoperative barium meal radiograph revealed that the stents were in good location and the acontrast agent passed smoothly. The liquid diet was commenced 1-3 days after surgery. No vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea occurred. During the follow-up, all the patients had improved weight and nutritional status. Four patients underwent stent removal 3-4 months postoperatively. One patient was found that the stent had migrated to stomach 3 months after discharge. After removing the stent, balloon dilation and mucosal resection was performed for the mild pyloric stenosis. All 5 patients had an additional follow-up of 3 months, and no symptoms and restenosis occured. These preliminary results showed that the new stenting method of fully covered stent placement is feasible, safe and effective in the treatment of benign pyloric stenosis.

Comparison of interscalene brachial plexus block and superior trunk block with ropivacaine in shoulder arthroscopic surgery / 药学实践杂志

Objective To compare the clinical effects of interscalene brachial plexus block and superior trunk block in arthroscopic shoulder surgery with 0.25% ropivacaine. Methods 46 patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy surgery were included and randomly divided into group ISB (n=23) and group ST (n=23). Patients in group ISB received 10 ml 0.25% ropivacaine on the lateral side of C5 and C6. Patients in group ST were treated with 5 ml 0.25% ropivacaine on both sides of the superior trunk of brachial plexus. The diaphragmatic excursion, Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), duration of the block, handgrip strength were recorded at different time. Results No statistical difference was detected between the two groups in the reduction of diaphragmatic excursion within 30 min after block (P>0.05). Compared with ISB patients, ST patients had significantly less diaphragmatic excursion at 3 h after block（P<0.05). 30 minutes after block, 8.7% patients in ISB group reached complete HDP and 52.2% patients reached partial HDP. At the same time, no complete HDP and 26.1% partial HDP were detected in ST group. 3 hours after block, patients in ST group had lower complete HDP rate (0.0% vs 17.4%) and lower partial HDP rate (39.1% vs 65.2%) than patients in ISB group. At 30 minutes and 3 h after block, the reduction of grip strength in ST group was significantly lower than that in ISB group (P<0.001). ST group had lower NRS than ISB group (P<0.05). The average block time in ISB group (8.3±1.97 )h was significantly lower than that in ST group (10.9±1.26)h (P<0.01). Conclusion Superior trunk block with 10 ml 0.25% ropivacaine is superior compared to interscalene brachial plexus block in occurrence of HDP, decrease of grip strength, postoperative pain and block duration.

Survey on frequency of medical X-ray diagnosis in Jiangsu province / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To survey the frequency of medical X-ray diagnosis and estimate the medical exposure levels of Jiangsu province in 2016,so as to be able to improve effectively the protection against medical radiation exposure.Methods All medical institutions in the province were covered in the survey for their basic medical information by means of census method.Frequencies of diagnostic medical X-ray examination were studied using random sampling method in 31 medical institutions.A linear model was established by number of outpatients number of inpatients,number of staff and number of radiation workers to evaluate the medical examination frequency.Results A total of 9 248 pieces of medical X-ray diagnostic equipment by the end of 2016 in Jiangsu province,including 1 110 CT scanners.The total frequencies of diagnostic medical X-ray examination were estimated to be 911.45 examinations per 1 000 population,covering 239.25 per 1 000 for CT scanning.The number of medical X-ray diagnostic equipment increased by a factor of 0.8 while CT scanners by a factor of 3.6 compared to 1999.Medical X-ray diagnostic frequency raised by a factor of 3.2 while CT frequency by a factor of 15.1 compared with previous data.Conclusions The medical X-ray diagnostic frequencies in Jiangsu province was 1.9 times the value given in the UNSCEAR 2008 Report,close to those in some developed European countries.Compared with the study in 2015,the present study has made greater improvement in sampling technique for selection of hospitals and equipment,frequency estimation method and acquisition of influence factors.Estimates of medical X-ray diagnosis frequency are closer to actual level.Further improvement will be needed for the future survey,so as to further study medical exposure levels and to provide basic information for better patient protection.

Intervening effects of nutritional health education on high-temperature operation steel workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intervening effect of nutritional health education on the dietary intake on hightemperature operation steel workers.METHODS: A total of 301 workers engaged in high-temperature operation in a steel enterprise in Tangshan City were selected as study objects by cluster sampling method.They were randomly divided into control group(149 cases) and intervention group(152 cases) by random sampling method.After a baseline dietary intake survey,the intervention group received nutritional health education for 3 months,and no intervention was given to control group.RESULTS: Before the intervention,only the intake of egg,grease and energy were up to the standard.Most of the other foods,water intake during the work break and the intake of essential nutrients were not up to the standard.After the intervention,the intake of cereals,vegetables,fruits,dairy and milk,beans,livestock,fish and shrimp,salt,protein,Vit B1,Vit B2,Vit C,kalium,sodium and water intake during the work break were improved compared with control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the ratio of energy supply of meal during work in the intervention group was higher than that of control group(67.8% vs 55.0%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The intervention of nutritional health education can effectively improve the status of dietary intake in high-temperature operation steel workers.

Analysis of water metabolism characteristics in workers working under high temperature in an iron and steel plant of Tangshan City / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body sweat,urine excretion and water intake of iron and steel production workers working under high temperature.METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-six workers working under high-temperature were selected as high-temperature group and 39 non-high-temperature workers as control group from an iron and steel production enterprise of Tangshan City by cluster sampling method.The workers working under high-temperature were divided into 4 subgroups(moderate physical labor 30-34 ℃ subgroup Ⅰ,heavy physical labor 30-34 ℃ subgroup Ⅱ,35-39 ℃subgroup and 40-43 ℃ subgroup) according to the labor intensity and the exposure temperature.The wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT) index in workplace was determined.The water intake survey was carried out.Water loss was estimated by body mass difference.The unit of body mass difference before and after work was conversed from kg into mL with formula“1 kg = 1 000 mL”.RESULTS: The water intake was 1 200-4 102(2 456 ± 612) mL in workers working under high-temperature,the drinking amount accounting for 74.5%-80.0% in the total water intake which were 2 004-5 749(3 810 ±672) mL.The difference of body mass before and after work was 1 513-4 932(3 078 ± 662) mL in the hightemperature operation group.The sweat excretion accounted for 86.5% of the total water excretion.In moderate physical labor 30-34 ℃ subgroup I,the total water intake,the body mass difference before and after work,the sweat and the total fluid excretion were higher and the urine excretion was lower than those of control group(P<0.05).The total water intake,the body mass difference before and after work,the sweat and the total fluid excretion in body of heavy physical labor 30-34 ℃ subgroup Ⅱ were higher than those of moderate physical labor 30-34 ℃ subgroup Ⅰ(P<0.05).With the increase of WBGT index,the total water intake,the body mass difference before and after work,the sweat and the total fluid excretion in body of 3 heavy physical labor subgroups increased and their urine excretion decreased which showed a dose-effect relationship(P<0.05).The D-value between the water intake and the sweat excretion of high-temperature operation group workers were-769--322 mL,those between the total water intake and losses were-598--96 mL.CONCLUSION: The fluid intake and excretion in workers working under high-temperature in iron and steel plant are in a negative balance.The water intake is lower than the recommended drinking amount under high-temperature environment.Sweating is the main way of water loss under high-temperature working condition.

Imaging diagnosis of enlarged prostatic utricle in children / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the image characteristics of enlarged prostatic utricle in children.Methods 13 children with enlarged prostatic utricle were retrospectively analyzed,6 of whom checked by voiding cystic urethrography (VCUG),5 of whom by MRI,2 of whom by both VCUG and MRI.Results 8 cases with VCUG showed round-like or long circle utricle filled with contrast media located in the rear posterior urethra.Among them,3 cases showed the tubiform between utricle and posterior urethra.The other 5 cases displayed overlap between utricle and urethra,and there was no tubiform between utricle and posterior urethra.7 cases with MRI showed oblong cyst at the right rear middle of the bladder that showed low signal with T1 weighted image and high signal with T2 weighted image,crossing the center of prostate gland.Among them,5 cases showed the communication between oblong cyst and posterior urethra.Also,among them,5 cases were associated with the orchitis,epididymis phlogistic,scrotal phlogistic,and 1 case showed the right renal agenesis.Conclusion The VCUG and MRI are helpful to check enlarged prostatic utricle in children.They have different advantages in different aspect.

Progress in exosomes in human gastrointestinal tumor / 肿瘤

Exosomes are small vesicular bodies of 40-100 nm secreted by various types of living cells into the extracellular environment, and contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Gastrointestinal tumor is one of the most common malignant tumor. The morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer are high among malignant tumors. As a hotspot in the research of oncology, exosomes have potential values in the research of development, diagnosis and treatment of human gastrointestinal tumor. This review summarizes the biogenesis and components of exosomes as well as the progression of exosomes in human gastrointestinal tumor.

Clinical value of portable sleep testing in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the clinical value of portable sleep testing by Watch-PAT (PAT) in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Fifty cases of snoring children aged 3-11 years were randomly selected to undergo the polysomnography (PSG) and PAT simultaneously at the same night. The consistency of sleep parameters in OSAS and non - OSAS children were compared with PSG as reference standard, and ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of OSAS with PAT portable sleep monitor.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fourteen cases were diagnosed as OSAS in 6-11 years group by PAT and PSG. But in 3-5 years group, only six children were diagnosed as OSAS, there was significant difference between PAT and PSG (P < 0.05). Among those 6-11 years old children, compared with non-OSAS, PAT study showed that III+IV stage sleep ((30.5 ± 2.4)% vs. (38.2 ± 2.3)%, χ(2)=4.31, P<0.05), REM sleep duration ((8.9 ± 2.5)% vs. (18.3 ± 2.1)%, χ² =4.31, P<0.05), TST ((458 ± 78) min vs. (522 ± 56) min, t=4.85, P<0.05) and sleep efficiency ((83.5 ± 3.1)% vs. (93.5 ± 3.5)%, t=3.75, P<0.05) decreased, I+II stage sleep ((61.5 ± 4.4)% vs. (44.1 ± 3.5)%, χ² =6.07, P<0.05), arousal index ((29.5 ± 8.2)/h vs. (10.6 ± 5.6)/h, t=3.70, P<0.05), AHI ((7.6 ± 5.3)/h vs. (2.1 ± 2.0)/h, t=2.40, P<0.05), RDI((18.2 ± 5.1)/h vs. (6.5 ± 3.9)/h, t=3.85, P<0.05) increased in OSAS children. Furthermore, the total sleep time (TST) ((458 ± 78) min vs. (430 ± 76) min, t=2.90, P<0.05) and sleep efficiency ((83.5 ± 3.1) % vs. (81.9 ± 4.3) %, t=2.45, P<0.05) were higher by PAT than scored by PSG. ROC curve analysis showed the best threshold selection of AHI 5.0, the sensitivity was 0.952, the specificity was 0.858. AHI 7.0, the sensitivity was 0.968, the specificity was 0.985. AHI 10, the sensitivity was 0.985 and the specificity was 0.99, but AHI 1.0, the sensitivity was 0.852 and the specificity was 0.785.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PAT can be used at home in school age children due to the high consistency with PSG and the high compliance.</p>

Relationship between neurogenesis in the brains of adult organisms and the neurodegenerative disease / 基础医学与临床

It is very common that the number of neurons in the brain is progressively decreasing in the neurodegen-erative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease, etc.Moreover, it is much more important that there is a decline in the neurogenesis of adult brain in such neurodegenerative diseases. In treating neurodegenerative diseases, it is a potential therapeutic modality to promote endogenous neurogenesis in the brain.

The histological underestimation of stereotactic core needle biopsy in breast lesions / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the histological underestimation of stereotactic core needle biopsy (SNCB).and tO attract clinicians' attention.Methods SNCB was performed in 146 patients with 179 lesions from September 2000 to June 2005.and 21 lesions were underestimated histologically.0f 21 nonpalpable breast lesions(NPBL).6 lesions were diagnosed as BI-RADS nl,12 8S BI-RADS Ⅳ,3 as BI-RADS V according to BI-RADS before biopsy.Mammography showed 16 lesions with calicification, 2 cases with masses,1 case with asymmetry density and 2 cases with stellate sign.Results Eleven lesions diagnosed as fibrocystic disease with atypical ductal hyperplasia by biopsy were proved to be ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)in 7 lesions and early infiltration in 4 lesions by pathology.3 lesions diagnosed as severe atypical hyperplasia by biopsy were finally proved to be 1 carcinoma in situ and early infiltration in 2 lesions by pathology.3 lesions diagnosed as DCIS by biopsy were invasive carcinoma.4 lesions diagnosed papillary lesions by biopsy and finally were 1 carcinoma in situ,1 early infiltration,1 infiltrating ductal carcinoma and l intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma.Conclusion The histological underestimation of SCNB Was related to the stereotactic location technology,lesion and doctor'S understanding,the radiologist should master the biopsy skills.

The study of the effect on the image quality in low-dose CT of the paranasal sinuses / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To determine the effect of reducing mA on the diagnostic quality of images and the radiation dose to the lens in patients undergoing paranasal sinus CT. Methods Fifty patients undergoing paranasal sinus CT at 200 mA or 50 mA. The lens dose was measured using thermoluminescent dosemeters [LiF(Mg?Cu?P)]. Image quality was evaluated for six anatomical structures, including middle turbinate, uncinate process, maxillary ostium, ethmoid infundibulum, frontal recess, and cribriform plate. These anatomical structures were assessed as: not seen (0 points), demonstrated but not clearly visualized (1 points), or clearly demonstrated (2 points). Results Mean radiation dose to the lens was significantly reduced from 7.339 mGy (200 mA) to 1.108 mGy (50 mA). No significant difference of image quality between the two mA protocols was found in either rhinosinusitis group or non-rhinosinusitis group. And for rhinosinusitis the image quality showed no significant difference between high-resolution arithmetic and soft arithmetic. Conclusion CT scanning of the sinuses can be performed at greatly reduced mA without loss of diagnostic quality of the images. As far as the rhinosinusitis is concerned, high-resolution arithmetic can not improve the image quality and soft arithmetic is enough.