Epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of parechovirus A from children with acute diarrhea in Beijing in 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the epidemiological chatacteristics and genotypes of parechovirus A (PeV-A) from children with acute diarrhea in Beijing in 2021. Methods Fecal samples were randomly collected from outpatient children under 60 months with acute diarrhea in a sentinel hospital in Beijing from January to December of 2021. RNA was extracted and detected for PeV-A by real-time RT-PCR. Nested RT-PCR was performed to amplify the VP3/VP1 conjunction region. PeV-A genotypes were determined based on sequencing and NCBI BLAST. Group A rotavirus, norovirus, enteric adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus were also detected for co-infection analysis. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses were performed using bioinformatics and statistical software. Results Of the 198 stool samples, 11 were positive for PeV-A, with a detection rate of 5.56% (11/198). Among them, 2 cases were co-infected with enteric adenovirus. 81.82% (9/11) of PeV-A infected cases were under 24 months. The highest detection rate was observed in fall, which was 12.50% (7/56). 90.91%（10/11）of PeV-A infection occurred in summer and fall. Among the 11 PeV-A isolates, 9 were sequenced successfully, of which 7 belonged to PeV-A1B genotype and 2 belonged to PeV-A3 genotype. Conclusion PeV-A1B and PeV-A3 are identified in children with acute gastroenteritis in Beijing in 2021. Infants and young children under 2 years old are the high-risk population for PeV-A infection. Most infections occur in summer and fall.

International experience and enlightenment of short-term payment for innovative medical technology under the DRG payment / 中华医院管理杂志

China has entered the task stage of comprehensive medical insurance payment reform, but there are problems restricting the development of innovative medical technology in the reform of diagnosis-related groups(DRG) payment system. The author introduced the international definition and scope of innovative medical technology, and summarized the preconditions and payment policy of short-term payment of innovative medical technology under the DRG payment system; And put forward suggestions in line with China′s actual situation, including clarifying the definition of innovative medical technology, setting access conditions for additional payment or actual payment, setting up special transition funds for high-value innovative drugs, clarifying the payment amount of innovative medical technology, and formulating payment strategies for innovative medical technology.

A case-control study on clinical characteristics, awareness of foods & drinks and compliance of 111 early-onset gout cases / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and compliance of early-onset gout patients by case-control analysis.Methods:A total of 111 early-onset patients (onset age ≤35 years old) were included as Group A, and 111 non-early-onset patients (onset age >35 years old) with matched disease durationwere included as Group B. The differences ofclinical characteristics, causes of acute gout attack, dairy diet habits, compliance, and misunderstanding of the disease were compared.Results:Compared with the non-early-onsetgoutpatients, the early-onset patients had a higher proportion of obesity (63 cases vs 28 cases), family history (36 cases vs 20 cases) and tophus (39 cases vs 23 cases) and higher level of VAS scores (8.5±1.3 vs 7.6±1.7; χ2=22.988, P<0.01; χ2=5.749, P=0.016; χ2=5.729, P=0.017; t=4.639, P<0.01), lowerproportionof the first metatarsophalangeal joint involvement as the initial joint involvement (45.9%, 51 cases vs 59.4%, 66 cases; χ2=4.066, P=0.044), higher proportion of the ankle involvement as the initial joint involvement (34.2%, 38 cases vs 21.6%, 24 cases; χ2=4.386, P=0.036), higher proportion of alcohol drinkers and high fructose drinkers, which was more likely to relate to alcohol intake, strenuous exercise and high fructose intakeas trigger of the flare ( χ2=6.513, P=0.011; χ2=7.126, P=0.008; χ2=1.978, P=0.160), while the proportion of regular exercisers and on diet in the family was lower ( χ2=22.887, P<0.01; t=-4.917, P<0.01). The proportion of poor diet and medication compliance in Group A was higher than that in Group B(57.7%, 64 cases vs 38.7%, 43 cases; χ2=5.207, P=0.022; χ2=5.867, P=0.015). As for the reason for poor treatment compliance, early-onset gout patients were more worry about the side-effects of drugs than non-early onset patients ( χ2=4.190, P=0.041). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the main misunderstanding of gout. Conclusion:Although early onset gout patients are young, their condition is more serious, and compliance is poorer, this group of patients should be highly valued in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Live birth after uterus transplantation in China: a case report and literature review / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective@#To explore the therapeutic feasibility of uterus transplantation for uterine infertility.@*Methods@#Retrospective analysis was performed for the diagnosis, treatment and pregnancy course of the first domestic case of uterus transplantation and the relevant literature reviewed. The recipient was a 22-year-old woman with a congenital absence of uterus and vagina. Previously she underwent vaginal reconstruction and the donor was her mother. The specific procedures included donor/recipient screening, ethical argumentation, assisted reproductive technology of obtaining frozen embryos, Vinci robot-assisted uterine procurement, orthotopic replacement & fixation of retrieved uterus, revascularization; immunoregulation & monitoring of transplanted uterine recipient, assisted reproductive technology after transplantation and gestational management.@*Results@#The durations of donor and recipient surgeries were 360 and 530 min respectively. No complications of recipient or donor occurred during the perioperative period. First menstruation occurred at 40 days post-transplantation and regularly thereafter. Pregnancy occurred after embryo transfer at 31 months post-transplantation. No rejection episodes occurred after transplantation or during gestation. Caesarean delivery occurred near gestational week 34. The boy weighed 2000 grams at birth and the mother remained well.@*Conclusions@#In conjunctions with literature review, uterine infertility may be treated by modified uterus transplantation. And a new path is paved for healthy pregnancy of women with uterine infertility.

Live birth after uterus transplantation in China :a case report and literature review / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the therapeutic feasibility of uterus transplantation for uterine infertility .Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for the diagnosis ,treatment and pregnancy course of the first domestic case of uterus transplantation and the relevant literature reviewed .The recipient was a 22-year-old woman with a congenital absence of uterus and vagina .Previously she underwent vaginal reconstruction and the donor was her mother . The specific procedures included donor/recipient screening , ethical argumentation ,assisted reproductive technology of obtaining frozen embryos , Vinci robot-assisted uterine procurement ,orthotopic replacement & fixation of retrieved uterus , revascularization;immunoregulation &monitoring of transplanted uterine recipient , assisted reproductive technology after transplantation and gestational management .Results The durations of donor and recipient surgeries were 360 and 530 min respectively .No complications of recipient or donor occurred during the perioperative period .First menstruation occurred at 40 days post-transplantation and regularly thereafter .Pregnancy occurred after embryo transfer at 31 months post-transplantation .No rejection episodes occurred after transplantation or during gestation .Caesarean delivery occurred near gestational week 34 .The boy weighed 2000 grams at birth and the mother remained well . Conclusions In conjunctions with literature review , uterine infertility may be treated by modified uterus transplantation .And a new path is paved for healthy pregnancy of women with uterine infertility .

Clinical analysis of 20 cases of paraneoplastic syndrome with prominent osteoarticular involvement / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of paraneoplastic syndrome with prominent osteoarticular involvement. Methods The clinical materials of 20 patients with paraneoplastic syndrome with prominent osteoarticular involvement were collected. The characteristics of clinical manifest-ations, laboratory tests and imagines were analyzed. Results Among the 20 patients, 16 were male and 4 were female, with a mean age of 44.5 years and a median course of 6 months. Ten cases were associated with hematological tumor and 10 cases were associated with solid tumor. Eleven cases presented as peripheral arthritis (7 cases of polyarthritis, 4 cases of oligoarthritis/monoarthritis), 5 cases presented with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) and 4 cases presented with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). Three cases were acute lymphocytic leukemia, 2 cases were multiple myeloma, 1 case was lymphoma, and 1 case was bone tumor in polyarthritis. Four oligoarthritis cases were all associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia. All 5 cases of HOA were associated with lung cancer. All 4 cases of TIO were associated with tumor of mesenchymal tissue. Extra-articular manifestations presented in 14 cases and inflammatory markers increased in 15 cases. anti-cyclic cirullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies was low titer positive in only 1 case and other parameters including rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP antibodies, antinuclear antibodies spectrum (ANAs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 were negative. Multiple bone imaging abnormalities appeared in 15 cases. Conclusion Osteoarticular manifestations may be the first symptom of malignancy and difficult to diagnose. It is necessary to be highly aware of potential malignancy.

An investigation of iodine status of 6 target populations in both urban and rural areas in Xiamen City 3 years after promotion of new standard iodized salt / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the iodine nutritional status among pregnant women,breasffeeding women,0-2 years old infants,8-10 years old children,18-45 years old women and men in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen 3 years after promotion of new standard iodized salt.Methods The Huli and Xiang'an were selected as the urban and rural study sites in Xiamen City,from March 2015 to March 2016.Each study site was further divided into five geographic locations (east,south,west,north and center).In each location,one township was randomly selected.In each town,2 tap water samples,60 salt samples of residents,and urine samples of 40 children aged from 8-10 years old,20 pregnant women,12 breastfeeding women,0-2 years old infants,18-45 years old women and men were collected to determine the iodine level.The water iodine and urinary iodine were detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry;salt iodine was detected by direct titration.Results The medians of salt iodine in urban and rural were 23.0 and 25.3 μg/L,respectively.The coverage rates of iodized salt in urban and rural area were 99.3％ (298/300) and 94.0％ (282/300),respectively.The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 93.7％ (281/300) and 90.7％ (272/300),respectively.The medians of tap water iodine in urban and rural were 4.1 and 4.4 μg/L,respectively.In urban and rural areas,the medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 167.6 and 119.6 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of breastfeeding women were 121.6 and 101.2 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of infants were 165.9 and 110.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of children were 208.9 and 167.2 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of women aged 18-45 were 132.5 and 154.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of men aged 18-45 were 131.7 and 154.5 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions After 3 year promotion of new standard iodized salt,the iodine status of pregnant women in urban,breastfeeding women,0-2 years old infants,children aged 8 to 10 and adults aged 18 to 45 is adequate,but the pregnant women in rural has showed iodine deficiency.So surveillance and health education should be continuously strengthened in the future.Scientific salt iodization should continue to ensure the amount of iodine intake.

Clinical features of three pulmonary alveolar proteinosis patients / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Methods Clinical data of 3 children with PAP admitted from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Three children were female and aged 3 years and 1 month, 3 years and 9 months, and 6 years and 4 months, respectively. The main symptom of the three children was cough along with or without anhelation. Two of them had longer course of disease. The therapeutic effect of conventional treatment was poor, and their chest CT indicated significant lesions. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed positive reaction by PAS staining, and the treatment effect was improved after bronchoalveolar lavage. Conclusions The main clinical symptoms of PAP are non-specific cough and shortness of breath. PAS staining and bronchoalveolar lavage are of great value in the diagnosis and treatment of PAP.

Investigation on antigen-specific T cell responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the antigen-specific T cell functionality in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods Peripheral blood from 38 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 47 health controls (control group) have been collected. The proportions of CD4+and CD8+T cell as well as the ratio of CD4+/CD8+were monitored by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, antigen- nonspecific and specific Th1 responses were compared between two groups through detecting interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin 2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α producing cells upon propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA)/ionomycine and epstein-barr virus ( EBV) peptides stimulation, respectively followed by an intracellular cytokine staining. Results Compared to control group, the proportion of CD4+T cell and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus group (P＜0.05) whereas CD8+T cells exhibited no significant difference between two groups. Antigen-nonspecific Th1 responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were significantly decreased, demonstrated by lower percentages of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α producing CD4+T cells when compared to control group , while CD8+T cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients exhibited similar cytokine production patterns. However, when stimulated by EBV specific peptides, the percentages of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α producing CD8+T cells were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than those in control group (P＜0.05). HbA1Cwas positively correlated with the percentage of EBV-specific TNF-α producing CD8+T cells (P＜0.05). Conclusion In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion capacity of CD4+and CD8+T cell was significantly decreased and the antigen-specific responses represent the presence of an abnormal activated status, which indicates that chronic hyperglycemia may damage T cells function and aggravate chronic inflammation.

An investigation of the iodine status among children aged from 8-10 in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen after 3 years promotion of new standard iodized salt / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the coverage of iodized salt and the iodine status among children aged from 8-10 years in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen after promotion of new standard iodized salt,and to provide scientific evidence for adjustment of control strategy.Methods After 3 year promotion of new standard iodized salt,Huli and Xiang'an were selected as the urban and rural investigation sites,respectively in 2015.Each investigation site was further divided into five sampling areas,namely east,west,south,north and central.In each sampling area,one town was randomly selected and 2 tapping water samples were collected to determine the iodine level;in each town,4 villages were randomly selected and 15 residents were selected and edible salt samples were collected to determine the iodine level.Moreover,one primary school was selected in each town,and 40 children aged from 8-10 years old were randomly selected to perform thyroid examination and urinary iodine level determination.The water iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry;salt iodine was detected by direct titration;urinary iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry;thyroid was examined by B ultrasound.Results The iodine concentration was lower than 10 μg/L in drinking water in both urban and rural areas.The coverage rate of iodized salt in urban and rural areas was 99.3％ (298/300) and 94.0％ (282/300),respectively.The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.7％ (281/300) and 90.7％ (272/300),respectively.The prevalence of goiter was 3.8％ (8/210) both in urban and rural areas.The prevalence of thyroid nodule was 17.6％ (37/210) and 19.5％ (41/210),respectively.No significance was found when comparing the prevalence of goiter and the prevalence of thyroid nodule (x2 =0.000,0.252,all P ＞ 0.05).The median of urinary iodine was 208.9 and 167.2 μg/L,respectively.The statistical analysis found that the urban children had higher iodine level when comparing with rural counterparts (Z =4.030,P ＜ 0.01).The prevalence of goiter in male and female was 2.4％ (5/208) and 5.2％ (11/212),respectively,and no significant difference was detected (x2=2.222,P＞ 0.05).The prevalence of thyroid nodule in male and female children was 13.5％ (28/208) and 23.6％ (50/212),respectively,the analysis showed that the female children had higher prevalence of thyroid nodule (x2 =7.115,P ＜ 0.01).The median of urinary iodine in male and female children was 197.8 and 169.6 μg/L,respectively,and the urinary iodine level was significantly higher in male when comparing with female children (Z =2.218,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After promotion of new standard iodized salt,the iodine nutrition of children aged from 8-10 years in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen were good.The goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders was achieved.The iodine supplement measure should be further promoted to ensure the adequate level of iodine in residents,adhere to the iodine supplement measure,promote a healthy lifestyle,ensure the amount of iodine intake.

Effects of starvation, diabetesand obese conditions on mouse hepatic SOCS2 gene expression / 基础医学与临床

Objective To determine the expression levels of SOCS2 in the mouse livers under starvation, diabetes and obese conditions and to study the effect of SOCS2 on gluconeogenesis.Methods Animals were divided into 3 groups: C57BL/6J mice, the control group was fed ad libtum and the experimental group was fasted for 24 h.Diabetes model db/db and the control db/m mice were fed ad libitum.Obese model ob/ob and the control C57BL/6J mice were fed ad libitum.All the mice above were sacrificed and total RNA was isolated from mouse livers and reverse transcribed to cDNA.The expression of SOCS2 and gluconeogenesis genes in the mouse livers in the 3 groups above were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.SOCS2 was overexpressed in the primary C57BL/6J mouse hepatocytes by the adenovirus system.The effect of SOCS2 on glucose production was measured by glucose output assay.Results C57BL/6J mouse hepatic SOCS2 expression was suppressed by starvation status.The expression of SOCS2 was decreased in the livers of db/db and ob/ob mice.In contrast, the key regulators of gluconeogenesis, PGC-1α, PEPCK and G6Pase exhibited the opposite expression pattern as SOCS2 in the livers underidentical starvation, diabetes and obese conditions.The protein was Mr 23 000 and glucose production was inhibited after SOCS2 being overexpressed in the primary C57BL/6J mouse hepatocytes by adenovirus system.Conclusions SOCS2 may inhibit gluconeogenesis in the C57BL/6J mouse primary hepatocytes, and SOCS2 may be a potential target for the treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes.

Clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma.METHODS The clinical data of 129 patients with thyroid nodules,who were examined by CEUS and were operated in Xinhua Hospital between Jan 2014 and Aug 2015,were analyzed in order to compare the diagnostic results of CEUS to the postoperative pathologic findings,and to summarize its imaging features.RESULTS A total of 132 thyroid nodules in 129 patients were examined by CEUS.Among them,103 nodules were diagnosed as thyroid carcinoma,24 nodules were benign thyroid tumor and 5 nodules were thyroiditis.Compared with pathology results,the diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound is 88.6％,92.2％ and of 75.9％ respectively.The diagnosis of the CEUS in 31 cases was not consistent with the pathological results,in which 8 cases of thyroid carcinoma were misdiagnosed as benign tumor,3 cases of thyroiditis were misdiagnosed as thyroid carcinoma,and 20 cases of benign tumors were misdiagnosed as thyroid carcinoma.The malignant thyroid nodules mainly were papillary carcinoma,which was characterized by'low enhanced'and'slow in fast out'performance in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination.CONCLUSION The contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma has much more specificity and sensitivity,the'low-enhanced'and'slow in fast out'signs of the CEUS were the important features of malignant thyroid nodules.

Sample preparation for iodine measurement by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To screen the suitable sample digestion method for measuring iodine in serum by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method , and to carry out the methodology test for the newly developed arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry for determination of iodine in serum .Methods Methodology evaluation.Experimentswere on the sample on the sample digestion method of serum iodine with several common digestive agents . After digestion treatment , the concentration of iodine in serum was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry .The linearity and linear range of the standard curve, detection limit, precision, recovery rate and anti -interference ability of the newlydeveloped arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry were tested .Results Sample pretreatment method included in the newly developed arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was selected as follows: perchloric acid -sodium chlorate solution was used as the digestive agent to digest 120 min at 130℃.The calibration relation of C =a+blgA( C: iodine concentration ,A: measuring absorbance ) of the newly developed method existed when arsenic ceriumcatalytic reaction was kept at a certain stable temperature range from 13℃ to 30℃ and in certain stable reacting time .The linear range of the calibration curvewas 0 -300 μg/Land the linear correlative coefficient was -0.9996 --0.9999.The intra assay coefficients of variation ( CVs ) were 0.70%,0.70%and 0.74%(n=6), and the inter assay CVs were 0.57%, 0.51% and 0.57% (n=6) for 3 serum samples.The average recovery was 97.9% with a range from 92.3% to 105.8% for 3 serum samples.Conclusions The newly developed arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry has good precision and accuracy .The sample digestion agent is easy to be prepared and reserved , and the instrument is simple and easy to be operated .The method can be widely used as a reliable technique for measuring iodine in serum.

Clinical Analysis of 11 Cases of Adefovir Dipivoxil-induced Renal Hypophosphatemia and Osteomalacia / 中国药师

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in order to improve the understanding of the disease.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed according to the medical records of 11 cases of ADV-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.The medical history, laboratory indicators (ALT, AST, ALB, SCr, UA, blood glucose, blood pH, BE), bone metabolic markers (25OHD3, PTH, tP1NP, β-CTX, OC), urine indicators (urine pH, 24h urine Ca, 24h urine P, 24h urine Pro, urine Scr), DXA and skeleton ECT signs of the patients with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by ADV were analyzed, and the symptoms, blood P, AKP level and urine routines were followed up after 1-month withdrawal and in July, 2016, respectively.Results: The mean ADV administration time of the 11 patients was (5.7±1.2) years, and the bone pain time was (2.2±0.6) years.The serum P was (0.45±0.99)mmol·L-1, 24h urine P was (17.9±4.8)mmol, AKP was (248±107)IU·L-1,the concentration threshold of renal phosphate was(0.31±0.10)mmol·L-1.After the one-month withdrawal of ADV, the bone pain in the patients were all relieved, and with the phosphorus supplement, the level of serum phosphorus was increased.In July of 2016, the average withdrawal time of ADV was (18.3±10.7) months, the serum phosphorus significantly increased and AKP significantly decreased when compared with that on the admission and 1 month after the ADV withdrawal (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus of 2 patients returned to normal with the recovery rate of 20% (2/10).The regression analysis showed that the influencing factors on serum phosphorus on the admission were renal concentration threshold of phosphate and tP1NP (P<0.05);the influencing factor on serum phosphorus on the last follow-up was bone mineral density at the admission (P<0.05).Conclusion: Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is a potential side effect of ADV, and ADV-induced renal injury is not completely reversible, which should be paid more attention in clinical work.

Method for measuring different range of iodine concentration in drinking water by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To establish a catalytic spectrophotometric method for determination of iodine in water using the same arsenious acid solution and ceric ammonium sulfate solution as those used in the 2016 version standard method for determination of urinary iodine,and to meet the needs of wide concentration range of water iodine detection.Methods After pretreatment of the water sample with the effective chlorine of sodium dichloroisocyanurate solution for eliminating the interference of reducing substances at room temperature,the concentration of iodine in water was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry using the same 0.025 mol/L arsenious acid solution and 0.025 mol/L ceric ammonium sulfate solution as those used in the 2016 version standard method for determination of urinary iodine.The linear relationship of the standard curve and the linear rang of different iodine concentration range (0-100,0-400,0-800μg/L),the detection limit,the precision and the accuracy of the sample were tested.Results The calibration relation of C =a + blgA (C:iodine concentration,A:measuring absorbance) in the new method existed when arsenic cerium catalytic reaction was kept at a certain stable temperature ranging from 15 ℃ to 30 ℃ in certain stable reacting time.The linear correlative coefficients absolute value of different iodine concentration range (0-100,0-400,0-800 μg/L) were all greater than 0.999 0,corresponding to the water iodine detection limits were 0.3 μ,g/L (sample volume of 0.80 ml),1.2 μg/L (sample volume of 0.20 ml),and 2.2.μg/L (sample volume of 0.10 ml),respectively.The coefficients of variation (CV) of the three different iodine concentration range were all below 1.0％ (n =6).The iodine recovery rate range of a total of 10 different water samples in these three different concentration range was 95.8％-98.7％,98.3％-103.7％ and 98.5％-104.5％,and the average recovery rate was 97.6％,100.4％ and 102.4％,respectively.In the range of these three different standard curves,water iodine standard materials GBW09114c,GBW09114a and GBW09113c were measured.The relative errors between the results and the given values were ＜ 3.0％,which were in the range of uncertainty of the given value.Conclusion This method verified by methodology experiments has wide linear range,high precision,accuracy,and anti-interference ability,good reproducibility,and is easy to operate,with reduced amount of arsenic waste,reduced environmental pollution,and is suitable for application in different areas to determine water iodine.

A method for determination of urinary iodine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with no need for base urine match / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To establish a method for determination of iodine in urine with no need for base urine match by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Methods The diluent which contains 2.5 g/L N2H4·2HCl-1.0 g/L NH4C1-0.50％HC1-2.0％C2H5OH were used to eliminate the matrix interference in determination of iodine in urine by ICP-MS.The standard solutions and the urine samples were all diluted in a ratio of 19:1 (diluents:sample) before testing.The methodological evaluation of this new method was done through standard curve linearity,sample detection limit,precision and accuracy in determining urinary iodine.And the determine results were compared with the current urinary iodine arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry standard method (WS/T 107.1-2016,hereinafter referred to as the standard method).Results The linear range of the calibration curve was 0-1 000 μ.g/L and the linear correlative coefficient was 0.999 9.The detection limit for urinary iodine was 0.4 μg/L (0.25 ml of urine was tested).Precision:The average coefficient of variation (CV)was 0.8％ with a range of 0.2％-1.7％ (n =6) when measuring 33 urine samples with iodine concentration of 26.5-854.4 μμg/L.Accuracy:The iodine standard of 40-400 μg/L was added for recovery test.The average recovery was 99.6％ with a range of 94.3％-103.4％ when measuring 24 urine samples with iodine concentration of 26.5-858.3 μg/L.The test results of 8 urinary iodine national standard materials with iodine concentration ranged from 64.5 to 883.0 μg/L were all within the given value range and the relative deviations were all below 3.0％ (n =12).No significant difference was found between the results of the 51 urine samples determined by the standard method (WS/T 107.1-2016) and the new method (t =0.836,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The new method to determine iodine in urine with no need for base urine match is successful established.This method has wide linear range,high sensitivity,good precision,accuracy and anti-interference ability,and is easy to be used and quickly to be analyzed of the test results,and is suitable for widely application in determining urinary iodine.

Preliminary Study on Error Control of Medical Devices Test Reports Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process / 中国医疗器械杂志

In this paper, the common errors in medical devices test reports are classified and analyzed. And then the main 11 influence factors for these inspection report errors are summarized. The hierarchy model was also developed and verified by presentation data using MATLAB. The feasibility of comprehensive weights quantitative comparison has been analyzed by using the analytic hierarchy process. In the end, this paper porspects the further research direction.

Strategy Discussion for Pollution Control of Post-Consumer Home Medical Equipment / 中国医疗器械杂志

Compared with the recycle of post-consumer medical equipments in medical institutions, the treatment of post-consumer home medical equipments (HME) should be consummated in the field of academic research, policy and regulatory plus corresponding supporting industries. The HME industry situation and its classification, main components and properties are reviewed in this paper. The merits and demerits of various pollution control techniques in the recycle of post-consumer medical equipments are analysed. For instance, the source control techniques to improve the property of raw materials, the end treatment technique to recycle the HME and regenerate energy are also discussed. Further, the development prospect of pollution control technique in the recycle of HME and the challenges must face up to are also probed.

A study of rationality of correcting urinary iodine concentration by using urine specific gravity / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the rationality of correcting urinary iodine (UI) concentration by using urine specific gravity (U-SG).Methods Weighing method and refractometer method were used respectively to measure specific gravity of 10-30 g/L mass concentration of different inorganic salts (sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,ammonium biphosphate) and organic matters(urea,glucose,glycine) aqueous solution,and urine plus 10-30 g/L sodium chloride or urea.UI concentrations in urine samples of 27 pregnant women respectively were expressed by direct method,weighing method U-SG correction and refractometer method U-SG correction.One random urine sample was collected for six batches in different seasons from children aged 8-10 and pregnant women for determination of U-SG and UI concentration.UI concentration was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).Results ①Measured by weighing method,specific gravity of inorganic salt (sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,ammonium biphosphate) aqueous solution was significantly greater than that of organic matters (urea,glucose,glycine) aqueous solution which had the same mass concentration.The specific gravity of 10 g/L sodium chloride aqueous solution was 1.008,and that of 30 g/L urea solution was 1.006.②Measured by weighing method,10 g/L sodium chloride was added to 3 urine samples separately.Accordingly the increases of USG were 0.006,0.008 and 0.007,respectively.Otherwise,the increases of U-SG were 0.003,0.002 and 0.004,respectively,when adding 10 g/L urea.~he median results of UI concentrations in urine samples from 27 pregnant women were 106.4,165.2 and 211.8 μg/L,respectively,expressing obtained by direct method,weighing method USG correction and refractometer method U-SG correction.④The determination results of six batches urine collected from children aged 8-10 in different seasons,the median results of U-SG measured by refractometer method were 1.019 0-1.021 2,the median UI concentration results obtained by direct method and refractometer method U-SG correction were 134.5-181.7 μg/L and 157.7-190.4 μg/L.The determination results of six batches urine samples of pregnant women in different seasons,the median results of U-SG measured by refractometer method were 1.013 4 -1.017 1,the median UI concentration results obtained by direct method and refractometer method U-SG correction were 96.2-138.9 μg/L and 135.2-181.6 μg/L.Conclusions The change of sodium chloride concentration in urine is the most important reason for the change of U-SG.In China,the main source of UI is the intake of edible iodized salt.Iodized salt intakes directly affect the U-SG and UI concentration.If the U-SG is used to correct the UI concentration,there will be a phenomena that the lower intake of iodized salt the lower U-SG.So the UI concentration was falsely increased significantly after correction.Conversely higher intakes of iodized salt caused higher U-SG.The UI concentration was falsely reduced significantly after correction.Therefore,U-SG cannot be used to correct the UI concentration.

Effects of maternal high-fat diet on liver fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression in the early life of rat offspring / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To study the impact of maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation on hepatic steatosis in the early life of offspring rats and its possible mechanism. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a high fat diet (HF) or control (C) diet for 8 weeks before mating and throughout gestation and ifrst 3 weeks of lactation. The expressions of hepatic fatty acid catabolism related genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), acyl-CoA syn-thease long-chain family member3 (ACSL3), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α(CPT-1α) and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (Ehhadh) were determined in offspring liver tissue. The liver pathology was examined in offspring rats at 3 weeks of age. Results Pathohistological ifndings at 3 weeks of age showed that there were diffuse vacuolar degeneration in cytoplasm of hepatocytes and spot necrosis in hepatic lobular in the HF offspring liver. The mRNA expressions of PPARαand Ehhadh genes were markedly increased in the HF offspring as compared to the control group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of CPT-1αgene was also higher in the HF offspring than that in control group (P=0.19). The level of ACSL3 gene expression, however, was markedly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions Maternal high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation could result in an increased expression of genes related to hepatic fatty acidβ-oxidation, including PPARα, CPT1αand Ehhadh, but the liver steatosis cannot be reversed in the early life of offspring.