Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-30e-5p ameliorates high-glucose induced renal proximal tubular cell pyroptosis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To study the effects of miR-30e-5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(BMSC-exos) on high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cell pyroptosis and explore an alternative strategy to manage diabetic kidney disease (DKD). 【Methods】 BMSC-exos were isolated and internalized into HK-2 cells treated with HG to measure viability and cytotoxicity. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 was measured by ELISA. Pyroptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The levels of miR-30e-5p, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured. The expression of pyroptosis-associated cytokine proteins was determined. 【Results】 BMSC-exos decreased LDH, IL-1β, and IL-18 secretion and inhibited the expression of the pyroptosis-related factors (IL-1β, caspase-1, GSDMD-N, and NLRP3) in HG-induced HK-2 cells. Moreover, miR-30e-5p depletion in BMSC-exos promoted HK-2 cell pyroptosis. 【Conclusion】 BMSC-derived exosomal miR-30e-5p inhibits caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in HG-induced HK-2 cells, which might provide a new strategy for treating DKD.

Repair effect of ultrasound microbubble on injuried facial nerve by bFGF transfection in rat / 重庆医学

Objective To apply the ultrasound microbubble to mediate basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) for conducting the injuried facial nerve(rat model) repair and to investigate its feasibility and efficiency.Methods After establishing the models of facial nerve injury,40 SD rats were divided into 4 groups,10 cases in each group:group A,bFGF +ultrasound+microbubble(bFGF + MB/US),group B,bFGF and microbuble(bFGF+ MB),group C,bFGF and ultrasound(bFGF + US) and group D,simple operation(PBS).The general status of rats on 1,10,20,28 d after bFGF gene transfection was observed.The nerve conduction velocity (NCV),incubation period and amplitude of facial nerve action potential were measured.After taking the facial nerve tissue in injuried site,mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR.Western blot was used to detect the bFGF protein expression.Results On 20 d after transfection,small swing of a small quantity of beard in the operation site of the group A could be observed;on 28 d after transfection,the general slatws of recavely in rats in the group A was better than that in the group B,C and D.The nerve electrophysiology manifestations after facial nerve repair in the group A were superior to the group B,C and D;the amount of bFGF mRNA and protein pxpression in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B,C and D.Conclusion Ultrasound microbubble mediated bFGF is conducive to the repair of facial nerve injury.

Willingness to hearing screening of non hearing disease patients and the result of hearing screening / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the willingness of hearing screening of non-hearing disease patients and analysis the hearing test result,in order to make people pay more attention to auditory healthy.Methods Patients clinical data including the willingness of hearing screening,gender,age,residence,hearing disease of someone important,long-term medicine usage,noise exposure were collected.Pure tone audiometry testing wereconducted for those who were willing to hearing screening;and a questionaire were conducted to those not.Results Among the 280 interviewers,only 72 patients were willing to hearing screening;frequent reason for refusing hearing screening were no self reported hearing loss and coming to doctor for non-hearing disease;60 years old or elders and have someone important were hearing diseases patients were more willing to hearing screening (P＜0.05);40.00％ longterm medicine usage patients weresuffering hearing loss(P＜0.05);self reported hearing loss was not the same as the test result (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hearing loss is common in patient who came to doctor for non-hearing diseases.More attention should be paid to those patients who are old,long-term medicine usage,people have no self reported hearing loss should pay attention to hearing loss.

Change of autophagy in the transforming growth factor-β1-induced activation of renal fibroblasts in vitro / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To explore the changes of autophagy in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced activation of renal fibroblasts in vitro.Methods (1) NRK-49F cells were cultured with 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for different times (0,12,24 h) in vitro.Morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope.The protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in NRK-49F cells were measured by Western blotting.(2) NRK-49F cells were cultured with 0,2,5,10,15,20 μg/L TGF-β1 for 1 hour and with 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for different times (0 min,7 min,15 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h) in vitro.The protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3),p62,total-mammalian target of rapamycin (t-mTor),phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTor) and Beclin 1 were detected by Western blotting.(3) NRK-49F cells were cultured with 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for different times (0,1,4 h) in vitro after cultured with serum-free medium for 2.5 hours.The protein expressions of LC3 and p62 in NRK-49F cells were measured by Western blotting.Results (1) The morphology of NRK-49F cells changed from stellate to spindle shape after cultured with TGF-β1.The expressions of cell activation markers α-SMA and Col Ⅰ gradually increased as the extend of stimulation time (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) TGF-β1 transiently increased the expressions of autophagy proteins p62 (peak value appeared after 4 h) and p-mTor (peak value appeared after 30 min),while decreased Beclinl expression level (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) TGF-β1 decreased the protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ in NRK-49F cells cultured with serumfree medium,whereas increased the protein expression of p62 at the same time (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The autophagy activity of renal fibroblasts is inhibited by the TGF-β1-induced cellular activation in vitro,which may contribute to the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.

Prevalence of idiopathic membranous nephropathy and clinicopathologic correlation with serum anti-PLA2R antibody in a single center / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To conduct a single-center retrospective analysis on the distribution characteristics and prevalence of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients diagnosed with pathology for the past 16 years,to investigate diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of serum antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (PLA2R-Ab),and to evaluate the correlation between PLA2R-Ab and clinical disease activity.Methods (1) 6996 biopsy-proven primary glomerular nephropathy (PGN) patients,including 1567 IMN cases,admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2015 were involved.Demographics and pathological type were gathered from all patients.(2) 433 cases receiving renal biopsy and testing PLA2R-Ab from June 2015 to December 2015 were involved,with their clinical and laboratorial data being collected.During the period patients' follow-up time,therapeutic schedule and laboratory results were recorded.Results (1) IMN accounted for 22.4％ of primary glomerular disease,and patients above 40 years old accounted for more than 60％ of the IMN.(2) The sensitivity and specificity of serological PLA2R-Ab were 58.1％(95％CI 47.0％-68.5％) and 98.6％(95％CI 95.6％-99.6％) respectively.PLA2R-Ab positive rate was affected by immunosuppression therapy.(3) The PLA2R-Ab titers wasn't correlated with 24-hour urinary protein (r=-0.017,P=0.887),serum albumin (r=-0.072,P=0.549) and urinary red blood cell count (r=-0.030,P=0.802).There was no difference between PLA2R-Ab positive positive and PLA2R-Ab negative on proportion of IMN pathological stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P ＞ 0.05).Thirteen cases of patients with PLA2R-Ab positive were all prescribed glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressant.After (2.21± 1.09) months,the decrease of PLA2R-Ab titers was in accordance with 24-hour urinary protein quantity descending and serum albumin ascending (P ＜ 0.05).Condusions The incidence of IMN increase year by year,especially in the mid-aged and the elderly.Serum PLA2R-Ab correlates not with IMN pathological stage,but with the development of IMN.Monitoring PLA2R-Ab titers individually may access the efficiency of treatment.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in uric acid-induced phenotypic transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in uric acid?induced phenotypic change in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK?2). Methods (1) HK?2 cells were cultured with 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 mg/L uric acid for 24 h in vitro. (2) The cells were divided into normal control group, ER stress inhibitor 4?PBA (5 μmol/L) group, uric acid (150 mg/L) group and 4?PBA+uric acid group for 24 h. Morphological changes of HK?2 cells were observed under inverted microscope. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of HK?2 cells treated with 150 mg/L uric acid for 24, 48 and 72 h. The protein expressions of α?smooth muscle actin (α?SMA), vimentin, snail, glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(p?eIF2α) in HK?2 cells were measured by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, HK?2 cells in uric acid groups (150, 225, 300 mg/L) showed fibroblast?like appearance. The protein expressions of α?SMA, vimentin, snail, GRP78 and p?eIF2α in 150 mg/L and 225 mg/L uric acid groups were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The proliferation of HK?2 cells in 150 mg/L uric acid group was lower than that in control group at 48 and 72 h (all P<0.01). Compared with the uric acid group, the cell morphology in 4?PBA+uric acid group was improved, and the protein expressions ofα?SMA, vimentin, snail, GRP78 and p?eIF2α were decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusions Uric acid may induce the phenotype transformation of renal tubular epithelial cell, and ER stress is involved. 4?PBA may inhibit the uric acid?induced ER stress response and phenotypic transformation, and may be beneficial in attenuating uric acid?induced renal tubular damage.

Protective effect of Shenqingyin Decoction on the kidney of experimental diabetic rats and its mechanism / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the possible protective effect of Shenqingyin Decoction on the kidney of experimental diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. Methods Totally 40 rats with diabetes induced by streptozocin were divided into 4 groups: diabetes model group, Shenqingyin group, Benopril group and Shenqingyin-Benopril combination group. After 8 weeks' treatment, blood glucose, renal function and 24h urine protein were measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissues and urine, superoxide diamutase (SOD) activity and serum transformed growth factor-β_1(TGF-β_1) were tested; renal pathological changes were observed with light microscope as well. Results The serum BUN, Scre of all medicine groups were significantly improved, which did not significantly differ from that in control group (P>0.05). However, it had no obvious improving effect on blood sugar. The content of 24h urine protein in all medicine groups was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and Shenqingyin-Benopril combination group had the significantly lower level than the other two medicine groups (P<0.01). MDA in renal tissues and urine, SOD activity and serum TGF-β1 in all medicine groups significantly differed from those in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and Shenqingyin-Benopril combination group had obvious difference with the other two medicine groups (P<0.01). Light microscopy showed amelioration of different degree in renal pathological changes, but with no significant differences in all medicine groups. Conclusion Shenqingyin Decoction has a protective effect on the kidney of experimental diabetic rats, and it has some synergetic effect when combined with Benopril. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting oxidative stress, improving the body's antioxidant ability and decreasing the expression of inflammatory factor TGF-β_1.