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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of microemulsion on the distribution of index components in different phases of Zexietang extract based on high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and phase separation process. MethodParticle size meter and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the colloidal particles in blank microemulsion， aqueous extract of Zexietang and microemulsion extract of Zexietang. The phase separation process was established by high-speed centrifugation and dialysis， and based on this process， the aqueous extract and microemulsion extract of Zexietang were separated into the true solution phase， the colloidal phase and the precipitation phase， respectively. The contents of six components， including atractylenolide Ⅲ， atractylenolide Ⅱ， 23-acetyl alisol C， alisol A， alisol B and alisol B 23-acetate， were determined by HPLC with the mobile phase of water（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-5 min， 40%-43%B； 5-20 min， 43%-45%B； 20-45 min. 45%-60%B； 45-75 min， 60%-80%B）. The solubility of the index components in water and microemulsion was determined by saturation solubility method. ResultThe colloidal particles in the aqueous extract， microemulsion extract and blank microemulsion were all spherical， and the particle size， polydispersity index（PDI） and Zeta potential of the colloidal particles were in the order of aqueous extract >microemulsion extract >blank microemulsion. The results of phase separation showed that the colloidal phase and the true solution phase could be completely separated by dialysis for 2.5 h， and the phase separation process was tested to be stable and feasible. Compared with the aqueous extract of Zexietang， the use of microemulsion as an extraction solvent could increase the contents of atractylenolide Ⅲ， 23-acetyl alisol C， atractylenolide Ⅱ ， alisol A， alisol B and alisol B 23-acetate by 3.75， 6.82， 35.47， 10.66， 35.41， 27.75-fold， and could increase the extraction efficiencies of the latter five constituents by 2.03， 1.15， 1.70， 6.43， 5.53 times. The solubility test showed that the microemulsion could significantly improve the solubility of atractylenolide Ⅱ， alisol A， alisol B and alisol B 23-acetate， but it had less effect on the solubility of atractylenolide Ⅲ and 23-acetyl alisol C. ConclusionMicroemulsion can improve the extraction efficiency and increase the distribution of the index components in the colloidal phase state of Zexietang to different degrees， providing a reference for the feasibility of microemulsion as an extraction solvent for traditional Chinese medicine.
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ObjectiveBased on serum pharmacochemistry and ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） the transitional components in the serum of rats after intragastric administration of water extract of Alismatis Rhizoma（AR）and salt-processed Alismatis Rhizoma（SAR） were compared. MethodSD rats were randomly divided into blank group, AR group（10 g·kg-1） and SAR group（10 g·kg-1）, 3 rats in each group, the administration groups were given AR and SAR aqueous extracts by gavage, respectively, and the blank group was given an equal volume of drinking water by gavage once in the morning and once in the evening, for 3 consecutive days. Sixty minutes after the last administration, blood was collected from the eye orbits, and the serum samples were prepared. The serum samples were prepared on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column（2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） in a gradient elution（0-10 min, 10%-50% A; 10-27 min, 50%-95%A; 27-27.1 min, 95%-10% A; 27.1-30 min, 10%A）, the data were collected at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 in positive ion mode with a scanning range of m/z 100-1 200. Based on the self-constructed chemical composition library of AR, the total ion flow diagrams and secondary MS fragmentation information of the aqueous extracts of AR and SAR, as well as the administered serum and the blank serum, were compared with each other by UNIFI 1.9.2, so as to deduce the possible blood-migrating constituents and their cleavage patterns in the aqueous extracts, and the response intensity ratios of each chemical component were calculated before and after processing. ResultA total of 20 components, including 5 prototypical components and 15 metabolites, were analyzed and deduced from the serum of rats given aqueous extract of AR. And 14 components, including 5 prototypical components and 9 metabolites, were analyzed and deduced from the serum of rats given aqueous extract of SAR. Of these, 13 components were common to both of them, including 5 prototypical components and 8 metabolites. The 5 prototypical components were 16-oxoalisol A, alisol A 24-acetate, alisol A, alisol B and alisol C. The metabolites were mainly involved in phase Ⅰ metabolism（oxidation） and phase Ⅱ metabolism（glucuronidation）. There was a big change in the intensity of response of the common components before and after salt-processing, and the response intensities of the prototypical components, 16-oxoalisol A, alisol B and alisol C, were elevated, while the type and response intensity of metabolites were generally decreased, and it was hypothesized that the metabolic rate of terpenoids might be slowed down after salt-processing of AR, so that the blood-migrating constituents could participate in the metabolism of the body more in the form of prototypes. ConclusionSalt-processing of AR may promote the absorption of prototypical components into the blood by slowing down the metabolic rate of terpenoids, which can provide support for the research on material basis of AR and SAR.
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Liquid biopsy of circulating free DNA has become an auxiliary method to evaluate cancer.Because of the advantages of minimally invasive and simple, it plays an increasingly important role in the screening, diagnosis, monitoring treatment, prognosis and drug resistance detection of breast cancer.This article reviews the clinical application and related research progress of circulating free DNA (cfdna) in breast cancer.
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To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of ultrasonographic superb micro‐vascular imaging ( SM I) for abdominal branch arteries′involvement in Stanford B aortic dissection ( AD ) . Methods A total of 34 AD patients underwent conventional ultrasound ,SMI and CTA . The characteristics of the ultrasonographic images of branch artery involvement including coeliac artery ,superior mesenteric artery ,left and right renal artery were analyzed . T he diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound and SM I were compared and CT A was used as the reference standard . Results Among the 34 patients with AD ,according to the ultrasonographic images′characteristics ,136 branch arteries were categorized into four classes :Class Ⅰ (81/136) ,branch artery perfusion supplied from the aortic true lumen ; Class Ⅱ ( 27/136) , dissection extending into the branch ; Class Ⅲ ( 16/136 ) ,branch artery perfusion supplied from the aortic false lumen ; Class Ⅳ ( 12/136) ,branch artery perfusion supplied from the aortic true and false lumens . T he diagnostic accordance rate of the conventional ultrasound and SM I were 76 .5% ( 104/136 ) and 92 .6%( 126/136) and had significant differences ( P ＜0 .001) . Conclusions SMI can be used to evaluate branch artery involvement in AD patients w hich will guide the practice of pre‐operation and post‐operation .
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Objective To explore the modern communication tools urged by effect of patients with cor pulmonale discharge rehabilitation program. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out from February 2014 to October 2016 in 46 cases of patients who suffered heart disease from lung disorders, they were given implementation of rehabilitation nursing through modern communication tools after discharge by the nursing staff. Another 46 cases of cor pulmonale patients were selected as the control group from January 2012 to January 2014, who were given routine rehabilitation treatment after discharge. The treatment effect, lung function and satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups after rehabilitation. SF-36 scale was adopted to assess the patients quality of life. Results The total efficiency was 97.83%(45/46) in the observation group, higher than that of the control group , 86.96%(40/46), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=3.8655,P<0.05). The indexes of pulmonary function of tidal volume, vital capacity, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second of the observation group was (837.47±211.35), (3689.56 ± 174.63), (3788.43 ± 735.34), (1761.24 ± 510.35) ml, the control group were (678.34 ± 184.56), (3089.35 ± 215.35), (2916.36 ± 457.35), (1394.24 ± 394.34) ml, there were significant differences between two groups (t=3.8464-14.6825, P<0.01). The SF-36 scale physiological function, physiological function, mental health, emotional function, body pain, vitality, social function, general health scores of the control group were 77.46 ± 3.46, 74.32 ± 4.25, 72.13 ± 3.46, 77.46 ± 3.67, 75.78 ± 2.74, 79.53 ± 2.15, 80.46 ± 3.15, 78.94 ± 3.47, while they were 87.43 ± 5.23, 88.43 ± 3.47, 85.36 ± 2.36, 89.65 ± 5.36, 88.53 ± 3.48, 90.43 ± 4.36, 90.43 ± 2.35, 89.64 ± 3.27 in the observation group, there was significant difference between two groups (t=10.7831-21.4244, P<0.01). The satisfaction rate of the observation group was 97.83%(45/46), which was significantly higher than that of the control group 82.61% (38/46), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.0348, P<0.05). Conclusions Rehabilitation treatment by the nursing staff through modern communication tools has a very good effect on pulmonary heart disease patients. It can help the pulmonary function of patients recover well, improve the quality of life and satisfaction degree significantly , which should be popularized in clinic.
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Objective To discuss change the platelet counts by microscope rule by the platelet of Chinese people biological refer‐ence range in this laboratory blood analysis requirement .Methods Retrospectively analyzed according to the platelet of Chinese people biological reference range change the lab Sysmex XE‐5000 automatic blood cell analyzer platelet review rules .Change the platelet counts by microscope rules ,the differences between the microscopy rate and the microscopic examination of the platelet ag‐gregation rate .Results Before change the platelet counts by microscope rules the microscopy rate was 1 .94% .After change the platelet counts by microscope rules the microscopy rate was 3 .99% ,after change the platelet counts by microscope rules pushing blood piece rate increased significantly ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion According to the platelet of Chinese people biological reference range change the lab platelet review rules .We can increase the rate of microscopy ,and effec‐tively avoid the pseudothrombocytopenia and accurately guide clinical treatment .
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Background and purpose: The morbidity of colorectal cancer in China increased year by year. This study aimed to explore the signiifcance of ADAMTS9 protein levels and promoter methylation in colorectal cancer onset and progression. Methods:ADAMTS9 promoter methylation status was detected by methylation speciifc PCR method in 162 colorectal cancer patients’ peripheral blood DNA samples; Plasmatic ADAMTS9 protein levels was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 162 colorectal cancer patients and 150 healthy subjects. Results: Compared with healthy people, patients with colorectal cancer had a significant lower ADAMTS9 protein level in plasma [(65.25±9.70)μg vs (50.28±9.66)μg, P<0.001];ADAMTS9 gene promoter methylation was observed in 66 among 162 colorectal cancer patients (40.7%);The plasma level of ADAMTS9 protein in patients with methylated ADAMTS9 gene had signiifcantly reduced (P<0.001), while the plasma level of ADAMTS9 protein in patients with low ADAMTS9 protein had signiifcantly increased (P=0.007);ADAMTS9 methylation is closely related to tumor size (larger, P=0.017) and tumor differentiation degree (P=0.029), ADAMTS9 protein low expression is closely related to invasion depth (P=0.020), lymph node metastasis (P=0.019) and Dukes staging (P=0.002).Conclusion: ADAMTS9 protein downregulation induced by DNA promoter methylation may be involved in the pathogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and promote the progression in colorectal cancer.
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Objective:To study the feasibility of electronic gingivoplasty on the subjects suffering from high blood sugar or blood coagulating dysfunction on rat model.Methods:Electronic gingivoplasty was performed in 10 SD rats with high blood sugar and 10 with blood coagulating dysfunction on the right side of mandible and scalpel gingivoplasty on the left.For each group of diseased rats 10 healthy rats were used as the controls. Gingival tissue slices of the rats with high blood sugar and the controls were obtained 1,24, 72 hours, one and two weeks after operation respectively, and processed for histological observation. The bleeding condition were evaluated with paper tips during the operations on the rats with blood coagulating dysfunction and the controls.Results:The process of histological reaction in the tissues of operation area after electronic gingivoplasty was basically similar to that after scalpel gingivoplasty. Electronic surgery caused more slight inflammatary reaction than scalpel surgery in high blood sugar group. The amount of bleeding during electronic surgery was significantly smaller than that during scalpel surgery in blood coagulating dysfunction group.Conclusion:Electronic surgery is feasible for gingivoplasty on the subjects with high blood sugar or blood coagulating dysfunction.